Alarm Conditions Research Articles

Ecohydraulics-based environmental flow assessment in two arid North African rivers

North Africa is among the most water-stressed regions in the world; still, the habitat requirements of its freshwater biota are largely unknown. In this study, (i) we developed habitat suitability curves (HSCs) for freshwater macroinvertebrates in two poorly studied, regulated North African rivers (Ziz and Oum Er-Rbia), and (ii) assessed environmental flows downstream of each river dam by incorporating the HSCs in two-dimensional ecohydraulic models. We demonstrate a low-cost sampling methodology combined with freely distributed ecohydraulic modeling software. The results showed that macroinvertebrates in the arid-desert Ziz River could tolerate a wide range of habitats in terms of flow velocity and water depth compared to the arid-steppe Oum Er-Rbia River, probably due to their adaptation to extreme (arid-desert) environmental conditions. Optimal environmental flows downstream of the Al Hassan Addakhil (Ziz River) and the Al Massira (Oum Er-Rbia River) dams were 1 m3/s and 2 m3/s, respectively. However, environmental flows at 0.5 m3/s and 1 m3/s, respectively, could still maintain sustainable freshwater biota downstream of the dams. The results further highlight the critical status of the Ziz River, which was completely dry, and the alarming status of the Oum Er-Rbia River due to the significant reduction in the water levels of the Al Massira Dam. In a continuously changing climate, we suggest that the proposed environmental flows should be immediately delivered to prevent droughts and ensure healthy freshwater communities downstream of the dams, within a basin-wide freshwater management framework. In this water scarce region, more research is necessary to increase ecological awareness about these understudied freshwater systems and achieve a balance between human needs and ecosystem requirements.

Work-Related Psychosocial Factors and Their Effects on Mental Workload Perception and Body Postures.

The perception of work is closely linked to body reactions that facilitate task performance. Previous studies have shown that psychosocial work factors significantly impact employee health on both psychological and physical levels, though their cross-sectional designs limit causal interpretations. In this study, participants performed sitting and standing tasks under four different levels of mental workload. The NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) assessed mental workload perception across six dimensions, while Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) scores evaluated body postures for standing and sitting tasks, respectively. This study examined the effects of alarms, distractions, and time constraints-common psychosocial factors in healthcare environments-on human behavior. We compared NASA-TLX scores with corresponding REBA/RULA scores to evaluate how perceived mental workload affects body postures. One-way ANOVA assessed the impact of experimental conditions on response variables, and Pearson correlation analyses explored the relationships between psychosocial factors and these variables. Results indicated that alarm conditions most negatively impacted mental workload perception and body postures. Temporal demand and effort scores were particularly affected by psychosocial factors in both tasks. Gender influenced physical demand and performance scores (higher in females) for the standing task but did not affect REBA and RULA scores. These findings suggest that organizational and psychosocial factors significantly influence healthcare workers' behavior, health, and patient safety. Further research is needed to evaluate the specific effects of psychosocial factors on both physical and mental workload to understand the relationship between overall task workload and occupational disorders.

Aqueous extracts of composted oil refinery sludge and their possible environmental impacts

ABSTRACT Oil refinery sludge (ORS) management is a global concern, yet information on its low-cost biotransformation possibility is fairly limited. We present a novel approach for ORS mitigation by Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae and aerobic composting (AC) in producing clean aqueous extracts (compost teas). Detailed physicochemical characterization, phytotoxicity assays, economic feasibility comparisons, and mathematical equation-based environmental and human health hazard prediction studies were done for all the earthworm and non-earthworm processed compost teas. The E. eugeniae-compost tea reduced Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn contents by 52.7, 61.2, 41.8, 80, and 93.8%, respectively. The earthworm-sourced teas showed lower ecological risk (<300) than their aerobic counterparts. Seed germination in Pisum sativum and Cicer arietinum was 2–2.5 folds higher with vermi-derived tea application. Economic assessments illustrated the superiority of E. eugeniae-based biotransformation with higher cash flow and a lower payback time of 1.53 years. The mathematical predictions on human health showed no alarming status for any of the vermi/aerobic compost teas. Overall results implied that vermicomposting is safer and more beneficial than AC in the ORS bioconversion. However, this study warrants further research in exploring the efficiency of other earthworm species, feedstock selection, or seasonal variability in ORS management.

Chronic causes of school violence at secondary schools in South Africa: Case of King Cetshwayo District

This study examines the chronic causes of school violence at secondary schools in South Africa. The prevalence of violence within South African schools has drawn attention from various stakeholders due to its multifaceted nature. It encompasses forms like bullying, factional conflicts, substance-related incidents, and more. Such violence, whether physical or emotional, inflicts severe harm on both individuals and the educational system. A comprehensive report by the South African Institute of Race Relations highlighted the alarming status of school safety, echoing media coverage that underscored the widespread nature of these issues in schools across the nation. Employing an interpretive paradigm and a case study centered on secondary schools in the King Cetshwayo District sought to explore the causes of violence. The purpose of this study is to identify the underlying causes driving this concerning trend, guided by Social Learning and Social-Ecological Development theories. We used a qualitative method to collect data through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analyses. To ensure the credibility of findings, data from multiple sources was triangulated. Analysis of the data followed thematic approach, and findings were presented thematically. Both internal and external factors influence the causes of school violence, according to the findings. Given these findings, we recommended a collaborative and integrated approach among all stakeholders to effectively tackle and mitigate the pervasive issue of school violence.

Evacuation simulation considering pedestrian risk perception under toxic gas diffusion

Toxic gas leakage in densely populated public areas can easily endanger people's safety and social stability. This paper establishes a pedestrian evacuation model based on cellular automata that considers the pedestrians' perception of casualties and environmental risks under the real-time spread of toxic gas. The model simulates the emergency evacuation process of pedestrians and their exit selection behavior in the toxic gas leakage incident at a passenger station. The simulation results indicate that evacuees' dynamic exit selection behavior regarding the risk perception of toxic gas incidents positively affects pedestrian evacuation. An optimal perception radius and toxic gas alarm conditions exist that minimize pedestrian casualties while maximizing evacuation efficiency. An increase in the exit change probability keeps pedestrians away from risk but may lead to congestion and reduce evacuation efficiency when the pedestrian density is high. The location of the toxic gas source has different impacts on casualties, and the dynamic exit selection rules prove more effective when the gas source is closer to one of two exits rather than being located between them.

In vitro testing of honey quality and biological functionality: underestimated elements in the clinical testing of honey.

Honey is an attractive functional food that often becomes a subject of clinical studies on the treatment of diverse diseases. However, the clinical efficacy of honey is rather controversial due, at least in part, to its variable composition and botanical origin as well as thermal processing or improper storage conditions. This review addresses the importance of honey quality standards and in vitro testing of the biological properties of honey prior to performing clinical studies, which can have a great impact on clinical outcomes. It focused on recently performed meta-analyses and systematic reviews where honey was used in the management of various disorders including respiratory tract infections, and metabolic and cardiometabolic diseases, with the goal of characterising the honeys used in clinical studies. In addition, it provides recommendations for the use and storage of honey for clinical testing. The vast majority of clinical studies included in meta-analyses do not provide any information about honey quality parameters. In fact, indicators of thermal damage or prolonged storage of honey were analysed only in one clinical study. This observation highlights on the alarming status of honey quality in clinical studies. Furthermore, in vitro biological properties of the analysed honeys were assessed in two clinical studies. Therefore, this review strongly advocates the clinical use of only fully characterised honey samples of known botanical origin with proven in vitro biological functionality and no or minimal thermal processing.

Inpatient surgical treatment in mass casualty situations and disasters-Current treatment capacities depending on alarm status of the hospital and treatment concept

The functionality and treatment capacity of hospitals are decisive components to safeguard the in-hospital treatment of patients in crises and catastrophes. This is shown by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The aim of this study is the elicitation of treatment capacities of hospitals in the trauma network of the German Society for Trauma Surgery (DGU) assuming a damage situation with a multitude of trauma patients needing treatment. The 622 hospitals in the trauma network were surveyed to elicit the current treatment capacities depending on the principles and standards of treatment. For this purpose, a questionnaire for voluntary participation in the survey was placed online via the Academy of Trauma Surgery (AUC) of the DGU and an electronic platform (SurveyMonkey). The data presented in this article represent an extract of the total data focussed on the issues involved in the study. A total of 252 of the 622 hospitals certified in December 2022 (40%) participated in the survey and 250 datasets could be utilized. Local, regional and supraregional trauma centers were equally represented. Using a tactical abbreviated surgical control (TASC) focussed on survival, the treatment capacities in the individual triage categories could be increased with respect to the scenarios in question. It was also clear that the availability of teams skilled in the surgical treatment of body cavity injuries still represents a challenge. The results of the survey demonstrate the extent to which treatment capacities for the care of injured and wounded patients are currently available in the hospitals of the DGU trauma network and to what extent they can be increased. In this way, due the dynamics a mass casualty incident can initially lead locally and temporarily to a decompensated crisis management. The aim of all efforts and preparations must therefore be to durably strengthen hospitals so that this can be avoided as reliably as possible and to include these considerations in the hospital structural reform.

Syndication of sink-source and area-based resource management as a remedy to sustain a small-scale fishery: The case study of blue swimming crab fishery from Sri Lanka

Tropical small-scale fisheries (SSF) have become more vulnerable to over-exploitation due to: delayed alarming stock status, consequences of implementing deprived management strategies, data-poor scenarios, ambiguous assessment approaches and failures in a comprehensive understanding of the context of specific resource users. Hence, the current study on the blue swimming crab (BSC) fishery off the northern coast of Sri Lanka (September 2017 to November 2018), reveals the evidence of the SSF's requirement for a precise management and decision approach for sustainability. Therefore, here we intended, to evaluate The TropfishR package of the electronic length frequency (ELEFAN) method with new optimization techniques for data-limited fisheries analysis with length frequency (LFQ) data. Further multivariate techniques were used for the follow-up analysis. Results of LFQ data obtained through scrutinized ELEFAN methods and followed-up analysis showed that all studied fishing grounds are overexploited (E > 0.5) due to the “effort-creep” in post-war context and higher economic demand of BSC, which were collectively drive the prevailing behaviour of fishers. Further, due to cultural constraints such as caste-based gear choices and fishing ground choices, the small and immature stages of BSC become more susceptible to gears with low selectivity, which frequently operated in the estuary (ES) and shallow coast (SC). So under this multi-gear, complex SSF scenario banning or restricting the harmful gears becomes socially impossible. Hence, area-based management through a sink-source approach that characterizes the fishing ground with respect to the gear, seems to be promising. Therefore, we conclude that through a such robust approach, we could able to replenish a similarly overfished fishery scenario in the SSF.

Chimaphila umbellata; a biotechnological perspective on the coming-of-age prince's pine.

Chimaphila umbellata has been studied for almost two centuries now, with the first paper exploring the phytochemistry of the plant published in 1860. Almost all contemporary studies focus on the biotechnological advances of C. umbellata including its utilization as a natural alternative in the cosmetic, food, biofuel, and healthcare industry, with a special focus on its therapeutic uses. This literature review critically investigates the significance and applications of secondary metabolites extracted from the plant and presses on the biotechnological approaches to improve its utilization. C. umbellata is home to many industrially and medicinally important phytochemicals, the majority of which belong to phenolics, sterols, and triterpenoids. Other important compounds include 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, isohomoarbutin, and methyl salicylate (the only essential oil of the plant). Chimaphilin is the characteristic phytochemical of the plant. This review focuses on the phytochemistry of C. umbellata and digs into their chemical structures and attributes. It further discusses the challenges of working with C. umbellata including its alarming conservation status, problems with in-vitro cultivation, and research and development issues. This review concludes with recommendations based on biotechnology, bioinformatics, and their crucial interface.

Spectrum sensing using 16-QAM and 32-QAM modulation techniques at different signal-to-noise ratio: a performance analysis

<p>Spectrum sensing techniques are implemented for effective use of spectrum resources in the cognitive-radio. In this research work attempt has been made for the performance of energy detector with cooperative spectrum sensing using double dynamic threshold on the MATLAB software. Additive white gaussian noise is used and the frequency range between 54 MHz to 862 MHz is considered with wideband. Findings in receiver operative curve have been observed to analyze probability-of-detection (𝑃𝑑) under different values of probability-of-false alarm (𝑃𝑓) condition and diverse ranges of signal to noise ratio with different number of samples of input signal. Presence and absence of primary user has been marked by using a hypothetical model based on Neyman pearson approach. From the results, it has been observed that more the number of sample values, better is the probability-of-detection (𝑃𝑑) value as achieved for 32-QAM signal as compared to 16-QAM signal. Also, better results have been witnessed at -9db signal to noise ratio value as compared to -15db and -20db. This work provides almost 10% of enhancement in the probability of detection at -9db signal to noise ratio for 16-QAM modulated signal as compared to the existing model where the implementation of energy detector spectrum sensing technique through simulink model.</p>

Integrated management strategy of coastal rehabilitation for controlling coastal erosion: A case study of the coastal area of Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia

The occurrence of coastal erosion in the coastal area of Karawang Regency has recently been thought to be a disaster, considering the condition is at an alarming status and is a lengthy problem. Hence, an integrated coastal rehabilitation effort is needed to address the impact of coastal erosion in the area effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated management strategy for coastal rehabilitation for coastal erosion control in the coastal area of Karawang Regency by stressing solutions on socio-economic and institutional aspects. This study is a case study conducted through a survey method in the three coastal areas of Karawang Regency that were the most severely affected, namely Cibuaya Beach, Cilebar Beach, and Cilamaya Kulon Beach. Data were collected through observation techniques and in-depth interviews, strengthened by secondary data. Data analysis employed descriptively and decision-making methods of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The study’s results recommend strategic priorities in managing coastal rehabilitation. Firstly, the coastal border area conservation strategy sets frontiers and rules for managing coastal borders following applicable laws and regulations. Secondly, the social reconciliation and law enforcement strategy facilitate and mediate conflict resolution through deliberation. Thirdly, the strengthening group capacity strategy promotes collaboration between groups of mangrove farmers and related groups to communicate knowledge and experiences. Fourthly, the community education strategy conducts socialization and public awareness of preserving the mangrove ecosystem.

Block Chain Scada Quality Control for in Industrial Automation

Abstract: Scada systems are highly distributed systems used to control geographically dispersed assets, often scattered over thousands of square kilometers, where centralized data acquisition and control are critical to system operation. They are used in distribution systems such as water distribution and waste water collection systems, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power grids, and railway transportation systems. A scada control center performs centralized monitoring and control for field sites over longdistance communications networks, including monitoring alarms and processing status data. Based on information received from remote stations, automated or opera tor-driven supervisory commands can be pushed to remote station control devices, which are often referred to as field devices . Field devices control local operations such as opening and closing valves and breakers, collecting data from sensor systems, and monitoring the local environment for alarm conditions. In general, the error rate of 1-1.5 percent found in manual working can be brought down to 0.00001 percent with automation. as stakeholders have begun to increasingly demand certain quality standards, automation has also become a key part of today’s manufacturing setup.” automation is the key in all types of manufacturing, especially in the face of an emerging global economy. From being used to increase productivity and reduce cost, automation has now become vital to increasing product quality. Further, in certain fields like semiconductor chip manufacturing where miniaturization is the key, machines are capable of achieving greater precision and speed than humans-after all.

Chewable Tobacco is Significantly Associated with Dental Caries and Periodontitis Among Incarcerated Women in Prison

Background: Substance use is common among vulnerable populations including prisoners. The study aimed to assess the incidence of chewable tobacco and its association with dental caries and periodontal health status among incarcerated women (prisoners). Methods: A cross-sectional study (December 2021 to February 2022) was conducted on prisoners (Central Jail for Women, Karachi). Approval from the Institutional Review Board, JSMU (JSMU/IRB/2021/579) and permission from the Home Department, Government of Sindh (HD/SO(PRS-I)/11-235/2021), was sought before the study. All females (n=131), aged 18-65 years, serving various jail terms, were selected. The data on chewable tobacco, betel quid, paan, and gutka was recorded. Indices, like D (Decayed), M (Missing), F (Filled) teeth (DMFT) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI), were used to assess dental health status. To assess the association between dental caries and periodontal disease severity, ANOVA, Student t-test, and Chi-square was used. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 131, about 22 (16.8%) prisoners were active smokers. The most consumed substance among participants were chalia 38 (29%), gutka 38 (29%) followed by pan 23 (17.6%) and tobacco 23 (17.6%) with a mean duration of 6.73 (7.72) years ranging between 0-40 years. DMFT score was not found significantly correlated with substance use among study participants (p=0.100). However, the severity of periodontitis observed was significantly (p=0.031) related to chewable tobacco. Conclusion: The study found a significant association between substance use and the severity of periodontitis (p=0.031) highlighting the alarming health status among incarcerated women in the prison. Keywords: Caries; Dental Health; Incarceration; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal; Substance Use.

Internet of things acoustic emission for unattended quantitative leakage monitoring

This paper analyzes the theoretical basis of acoustic emission monitoring of leakage in principle. Based on the actual field leakage experiments, the following quantitative relationships are obtained: the quantitative relationship between the amount of leakage and the acoustic emission parameters under the same pressure; the quantitative relationship between different pressures, acoustic emission parameters and leakage rate under the condition of the same valve opening; the characteristic relationship between different leakage openings and acoustic emission parameters under the same pressure difference (tank wall plug). An online experimental demonstration system of leakage rate of water pipes is established. The acoustic emission collector automatically detects the leakage and leakage rates, and transmits the data to the cloud server. After the alarm conditions are set, the alarms will be pushed to the mobile phone if the alarm conditions are met. The cloud server is open for readers to view the results.

Investigation of Anxiety among Pharmacy Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Cyprus

Background: Anxiety is common among university students and previous research has highlighted the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and higher anxiety scores in the public. Objectives: In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety status of pharmacy students studying in Northern Cyprus and analyze the role of some parameters on the observed anxiety scores. Methods: Anxiety scores of 185 pharmacy students studying at two universities in Northern Cyprus were evaluated using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) assessments. Additionally, the information of participants was recorded in terms of sociodemographic and educational characteristics, antidepressants and anxiolytic use, and consumption of vitamin-mineral supplements. The questionnaires were distributed during the COVID-19 pandemic from December 11, 2020, to January 4, 2021, online via the Microsoft Teams® platform. It should be mentioned that responses were anonymous. Results: The mean BAI and GAD-7 scores of pharmacy students were 13.1±11.2 and 10±6.7, respectively. Based on the results, 6% of the students (n=11) revealed potentially concerning levels of anxiety in their BAI responses. Moreover, 31.9% of the pharmacy students (n=59) demonstrated severe anxiety scores on the GAD-7. Positive COVID-19 cases in the family led to statistically significant increases in anxiety on both instruments. Pharmacy students with five years of education (B.Pharm/M.Pharm) showed significantly higher anxiety scores on the BAI. Besides, age correlated negatively with anxiety scores on the GAD-7. Neither antidepressant and anxiolytic use nor vitamin/mineral supplement use were not related to the anxiety scores of participants. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated an alarming anxiety status among pharmacy students during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Diagnosis of a family member with COVID-19 was observed to be critical in triggering the anxiety of pharmacy students. Data from this study should raise awareness to take action plans for the mental well-being of pharmacy students during pandemics.

An annotated checklist of sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from domestic and wild mammals in Malaysia, with lists of hosts and pathogens

Literature records of sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from Malaysia were checked and reviewed, resulting in a list of 34 established species belonging to 11 genera (Ancistroplax, Atopophthirus, Enderleinellus, Haematopinus, Hamophthirius, Hoplopleura, Linognathus, Neohaematopinus, Pedicinus, Polyplax and Sathrax). Furthermore, three local and six cosmopolitan louse species are regarded as dubious in Malaysia, due to misidentifications or lack of locality records. Also, pathogens known to be associated with the sucking lice are listed. The alarming conservation status of some Malaysian mammalian host species and their sucking lice warrant more research and imminent action to preserve the biodiversity of the country. This paper presents the first complete checklist of anopluran lice from both Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo, including localities, literature references and a host-louse list.

Abstract 13205: Mitigating Alarm Fatigue and Improving the Care Provider, Patient, and Family Experience Through Reduction in Non-Actionable Bedside Alarms

Introduction: The burden of bedside alarms is a well-established patient safety hazard with >85% of alarms in ICU settings considered non-actionable or “false alarms”. Healthcare providers risk developing alarm fatigue with potential for prolonged response times and silencing of clinically meaningful alarms. Additionally, alarms disrupt care and cause stress for patients and families. Hypothesis: Creating conditional alarm triggers for bedside monitors can decrease the frequency of non-actionable alarms without compromising safety. The decreased burden of alarms on nurses, patients, and families may promote increased satisfaction. Methods: Single center, quality improvement initiative in a 26-bed cardiac acute care unit and 36-bed pediatric ICU, modeled after successful iterative effort at another tertiary children’s hospital. After 1 month pre-intervention observation of bedside monitor alarm burden, monitors were programmed with hierarchical time delay and conditional pulse oximetry, respiratory rate, and premature ventricular contractions alarm triggers. Bedside alarms were tallied for 1-month follow-up. The primary outcome was alarms per monitored patient day (MPD). Results: A total of 1394 and 776 MPD were evaluated in the pre- and post-intervention periods, respectively. The median number of cardiorespiratory monitor alarms per MPD decreased by 73% (15 to 4, p < 0.001) in both acute care and ICU. Alarm burden in RR, SpO2, and PVC categories also decreased. No increase in frequency of rapid response or code events occurred in either unit. Nursing surveys (n=253) reported positive trends of more manageable alarm burden and decreased perceived number of alarms. Family surveys (n=160), however, reported decreased sleep quality and increased perceived alarms. Conclusions: Implemented changes to bedside monitor alarm conditions decreased total alarm frequency in both cardiac acute care and pediatric ICU without compromising safety.

Optimization of gas detectors with the aid of computational fluid dynamics - Imposition of realistic restrictions

Flammable or toxic substances are present during oil extraction, production, and refining. Therefore, control measures, protective barriers, and devices responsible for mitigating consequences are necessary. Flammable or toxic gas detectors play a fundamental role in prevention since they usually have an interface with the emergency shutdown, blowdown, ignition source control, ventilation, alarm system, and firefighting systems. However, technical standards and recommendations do not indicate the exact location or the required number of detectors. Although gas detectors are the most effective devices for gas phase releases, they detect approximately 39% of leaks. Several methodologies have been presented to optimize the position and quantity of the detectors. However, it is not guaranteed that mathematical solutions to the optimization problem can be implemented in practice. The unconstrained optimization result may indicate optimal coordinate sensors in a too high position, requiring cable support and making maintenance and calibration difficult. Also, another possibility is that the detectors are too close to the leak source. This condition could make detection difficult if the leak does not occur precisely in that direction. In order to overcome these difficulties, the present study incorporates distance restrictions from the leak point, distance restrictions from the ground and the equipment side. In other words, the solutions obtained from the optimization are intended to be feasible in the real world for the construction and assembly stage in the field. Furthermore, the present study compared the position of the detectors considering heuristic algorithm and binary integer linear programming, the position of the initial detectors with and without restrictions, spacings between the initial detectors, restrictions of proximity to the leak point, and alarm conditions by 20% and 60% of the lower flammability limit (LFL), which resulted in 60 different optimization scenarios. The main results showed that even with the restrictions imposed, it was possible to reach the minimum number of detectors compared to those without restrictions. All cases were detected when the initial matrix spacing was less than or equal to 1 m, regardless of other restrictions. For comparison, the 5 m spacing, adopted in most studies involving optimization of gas detectors, presented its best result with twice as many devices.

SISTEM MANAJEMEN PROTEKSI MOTOR RELAY GE MULTILINE 269 PLUS PADA MOTOR FORCED DRAFT FAN DI PT. INDONESIA POWER PGU SURALAYA

Electrical energy continues to grow over time, power plants with large capacities are the main sources of electricity in Indonesia, one of which is the Steam Power Plant (PLTU). In the field of power plants that use coal always need air during the electricity production process. This study aims 1) to determine the protection management system on the Forced Draft fan motor using GE Multilin 269 Plus, 2) Setting GE Multilin 269 Plus as protection, 3) The results of the protection in the form of Normal Motor, Alarm, and Trip conditions in the accumulation of imbalance (Unbalance) ). The method used is a quantitative research method based on analysis, taking data and then analyzing the data obtained. The results of this quantitative study regarding the Unbalance value or imbalance of the electric motor analyzed resulted in a value of 5.8% for normal conditions, 10.86% for alarm conditions on multilin and 15.50% in trip conditions or the motor had stopped. These values ​​are obtained from the results of calculations comparing negative sequence currents and positive sequence currents (In/Ip). The conclusion obtained is that the GE Multilin 269 Plus protects the electric motor from system damage by using a current sensor and through a setting point that is adjusted to the provisions of NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) with an unbalance value of more than 15% for trips, more than 10% for alarm conditions and less than 10% under normal conditions

Vaccine for Diabetes-Where Do We Stand?

Diabetes is an endocrinological disorder with a rapidly increasing number of patients globally. Over the last few years, the alarming status of diabetes has become a pivotal factor pertaining to morbidity and mortality among the youth as well as middle-aged people. Current developments in our understanding related to autoimmune responses leading to diabetes have developed a cause for concern in the prospective usage of immunomodulatory agents to prevent diabetes. The mechanism of action of vaccines varies greatly, such as removing autoreactive T cells and inhibiting the interactions between immune cells. Currently, most developed diabetes vaccines have been tested in animal models, while only a few human trials have been completed with positive outcomes. In this review, we investigate the undergoing clinical trial studies for the development of a prototype diabetes vaccine.