Abstract

Abstract: Scada systems are highly distributed systems used to control geographically dispersed assets, often scattered over thousands of square kilometers, where centralized data acquisition and control are critical to system operation. They are used in distribution systems such as water distribution and waste water collection systems, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power grids, and railway transportation systems. A scada control center performs centralized monitoring and control for field sites over longdistance communications networks, including monitoring alarms and processing status data. Based on information received from remote stations, automated or opera tor-driven supervisory commands can be pushed to remote station control devices, which are often referred to as field devices . Field devices control local operations such as opening and closing valves and breakers, collecting data from sensor systems, and monitoring the local environment for alarm conditions. In general, the error rate of 1-1.5 percent found in manual working can be brought down to 0.00001 percent with automation. as stakeholders have begun to increasingly demand certain quality standards, automation has also become a key part of today’s manufacturing setup.” automation is the key in all types of manufacturing, especially in the face of an emerging global economy. From being used to increase productivity and reduce cost, automation has now become vital to increasing product quality. Further, in certain fields like semiconductor chip manufacturing where miniaturization is the key, machines are capable of achieving greater precision and speed than humans-after all.

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