Alarm Circuit Research Articles

Design of AI-Enhanced and Hardware-Supported Multimodal E-Skin for Environmental Object Recognition and Wireless Toxic Gas Alarm

HighlightsA novel organohydrogel-based multimodal e-skin with excellent sensing performance for temperature, humidity, pressure, proximity, and NO2 is proposed for the first time, showing powerful sensing capabilities beyond natural skin.The developed multimodal e-skin exhibited extraordinary sensing performance at room temperature, including fast pressure response time (0.2 s), high temperature sensitivity (9.38% °C-1), a wide range of humidity response (22%–98% RH), high NO2 sensitivity (254% ppm-1), a low detection limit (11.1 ppb NO2) and the abilities to sense the proximity of objects accurately, which are yet achieved by previous e-skins.The multimodal e-skin was combined with the deep neural network algorithm and wireless alarm circuit to achieve zero-error classification of different objects and rapid response to NOx leak incidents, proving the feasibility of the e-skin-assisted rescue robot for post-earthquake rescue.

Heat-triggered shape recovery, EMI shielding and flame retardant: A novel cellulose/M(OH)(OCH3)@dopamine@Ag (M=Co, Ni) nanopaper for early fire alarm

Fire alarm systems are essential for protecting lives and properties from fire hazards. However, most of the existing fire alarm nanopapers rely on the resistance reduction after heating, which requires direct contact with the flame. In this study, we present a novel fire alarm nanopaper (CMPA) based on heat-triggered shape recovery. The CMPA is composed of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as the matrix and 2D nanomaterials M(OH)(OCH3) as fillers. When the temperature of CMPA exceeded the glass transition, the thrice-folded CMPA-1.0 flattened in 30s and connected to the alarm circuit based on its conductive surface. According to the results, the CMPA-1.0 with a thickness of about 0.2 mm had an efficient electromagnetic shielding of 42.1 dB. Moreover, the CMPA-1.0 self-extinguished rapidly after being ignited with its original shape preserved. The peak heat release rate of CMPA-1.0 was 108.9 W/g, which was 61.9 % lower than that of HPMC. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of CMPA-1.0 reached to 0.317 W m−1 K−1, which was 40.8 % higher than that of HPMC, reducing the heat accumulation effectively. This work shows that CMPA is an ideal material for sensitive and safe early fire alarm, and the strategy based on heat-triggered shape recovery is promising in fire alarm application.

Development of an electronic device for protection from agricultural machinery hazards

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an electronic device capable of being connected to agricultural machinery to protect operators from mechanical hazards. Material and Methods: The electronic device contains two electronic circuits for alarming and automatically shutting off. The device is equipped with a pair of passive infrared sensors with a daylight resistance to increase the devise sensitivity. The alarm circuit operates a siren that warns the operator when approaching dangerous objects such as rotors, knives, exposed gears, etc. The automatic disconnect circuit turns off the tractor's engine when the operator does not pay attention to the alarm. Four sensing distances of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.00 m were tested with three delay periods of 30, 60, and 90 s at two levels for the interstitial distances between the sensors of 150 and 200 mm. Results: The device was tested by simulating human hands to test the efficiency of the sensor response and the efficiency of the time delay. The addition of the day light resistance to the passive infrared sensor led to an increase in its response efficiency, from 90.67% to 95.83%. Conclusion: The developed electronic device can be attached to agricultural equipment to protect operators from operating risks.

Devices for automatic control of the quantity and quality of oil in tanks

Currently, the most widely used devices for measuring the level of liquids (float and non-float). Float gauges are generally more accurate than non-float gauges. However, the operating conditions of float level gauges are much more difficult due to the difficult operating conditions of floats in an aggressive environment with a large amount of mechanical impurities. Automation tools used to measure the weight of oil and oil products should provide output information in a form convenient for further processing, at the same time, these devices should be structurally simple and applicable to existing types of tanks. The amount of oil in tanks can be determined in two ways: by measuring the level of oil and its specific gravity; by direct measurement of the weight of a liquid. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Currently, the most widely used devices for measuring the level of liquids (float and non-float). Float gauges are generally more accurate than non-float gauges. However, the operating conditions of float level gauges are much more difficult due to the difficult operating conditions of floats in an aggressive environment with a large amount of mechanical impurities. The choice of this or that device is determined by the specific conditions of its operation, the required measurement accuracy, aggressiveness of the liquid, etc. Limit switches are installed on the level gauge, which, when the liquid level in the tank reaches the upper or lower limit mark, turn on the alarm circuit. The principle of operation of the level gauge is based on measuring the increase in the electrical capacitance of sensors when they are filled with a substance (oil product) that has a dielectric constant that is different from the dielectric constant of air. The measurement accuracy is achieved by the fact that the entire measured level is divided into separate equal sections and is determined, among other factors, by the length of each section.

A design of Fire Detector

Fires are detected by a simple circuit known as a fire alarm circuit, which then activates buzzers or sirens. The prompt identification of fires and the protection of people and property depend on the usage of fire alarm circuits. Security systems use smoke sensors and fire alarm circuits to help detect or stop danger. In public areas like theatres, malls, and other commercial buildings, smoke detectors and fire alarm systems must be installed. Utilising components that are readily available, such as the thermistor, LM358 germanium diode, LM341, and NE555, we developed five extremely simple fire alarm circuits. As independent devices, there are several high-priced and intricate fire alarm circuits available. The buzzer, the operational amplifier, and the thermostator are the only components in this very simple alarm circuit. A fire alarm system's primary objective is to alert people in advance of a fire so they may evacuate and take prompt action to lessen the fire's consequences as soon as possible. Both manually at a call point (remotely) and with the aid of detectors, alarms can be activated.

A Prefatory Approach Towards Monitoring and Detection of Fire Outbreak Using Artificial Neural Network

Fire incidents had always been a primary concern in domestic and industrial properties, buildings, sites and offices. The end results of fire outbreaks can be exceedingly devastating and usually amount to serious losses of lives and properties. They also consist of alarm circuits and some manual call points often referred to as detection zones. Recent researches on fire related systems which are adaptations of the conventional fire systems, have dwelt comprehensively on technologies that can provide possible fire detection services by the integration of sensors that are capable of reacting to certain fire based parameters such as rise in temperature/heat, accumulation of pressure, smoke and other combustible elements etc.. The perceived setback of these sensors is that they need considerable time for responding as they require product of fire (e.g., smoke, temperature etc.) to reach the sensors. However, as computing power increases, and its effect is felt across most spheres of human existence, artificial intelligence based systems have been in the fore front of the discourse due to its ability to adequately minimize or exclude human involvement in most emergency or delicate activities. Therefore, implementing a computer vision-based fire monitoring and detection system using low cost surveillance cameras and artificial neural network is proposed and will sufficiently enhance the ability to monitor, detect and generally manage fire outbreaks in deployed buildings. The proposed system seek to significantly provide a more precise and accurate tool for the detection of fire situations and sufficiently eliminate the tendency for false fire alarms since it will be dependent on convolutional neural network trained with captured frames of video images of fire in order to accurately tell a fire situation. The primary purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent system for monitoring and detection of fire outbreak using computer vision and artificial neural network. Other objectives include: to develop a suitable neural network upon which the model will be trained and to implement the model using python programming language..The technology adopted in this study is expected to perform better unlike the conventional fire detection and alarm systems which are heavily reliant on sensors that are only effective with proximity and location of use.

Hardware design & development of a fire alarm circuit in crowded places

This paper gives the brief design of the hardware model & its development of a fire alarm circuit in crowded places is presented in brief. Fire Alarm Circuit is a simple circuit that detects the fire and activates the Siren Sound or Buzzer. Fire Alarm Circuits are very important devices to detect fire in the right time and prevent any damage to people or property. Fire Alarm Circuits and Smoke Sensors are a part of the security systems which help in detecting or preventing damage. Installing Fire Alarm Systems and Smoke Sensors in commercial buildings like offices, movie theatres, shopping malls and other public places is compulsory. There are many expensive and sophisticated Fire Alarm Circuit in the form of stand-alone devices, but we have designed five very simple Fire Alarm Circuits using common components like Thermistor, LM358, Germanium Diode, LM341 and NE555.This is a very simple alarm circuit using Thermistor, LM358 Operational Amplifier and a Buzzer. The primary purpose of fire alarm system is to provide an early warning of fire so that people can be. evacuated & immediate action can be taken to stop or eliminate of the fire effect as soon as possible Alarm can be triggered by using detectors or by manual call point (Remotely). The work presented here is the mini-project work of the second sem students of Electronics & Communication Engineering Department of Dayananda Sagar College of Engg., Bangalore.

LPG Gas Leakage Detector with RC - Car: Using Arduino

Gas Leakage which has caused tremendous Industrial and human loss, which is a threat to human lives. To prevent such accidents a Gas Leakage detector is much needed. To overcome this Problem we have introduced an Arduino based LPG Gas Leakage Detector which will detect the Hazardous Gas Leakage with the use of a Sensor. Advantage of this system is It can be used anywhere it is safe and works with efficiency. A Gas Sensor can be used in Industries as well as households, restaurants, service stations, cars, storage tanks , etc. To sense the Gas Leakage it is attached to an alarm circuit that gives us an alert to the operators through buzzer sound in the area where the Gas Leakage is occurring. One main motive about introducing this IOT model is to promote smart homes and industries.

A self-powered microbiosensor system for specific bacteria detection based on triboelectric nanogenerator

Gram-negative bacteria (Gnb) such as sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), as the main culprits of microbiological induced corrosion (MIC) in marine environment, cause severe problems for marine construction. Thus, the rapid and sensitive detection of Gnb is vital for environmental monitoring and metal corrosion protection. Herein, we developed a microbiosensor system based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), by which Gnb such as SRB in the solution can be detected instantly. In the system, concanavalin A (ConA)-modified indium tin oxide glass (ITO-ConA) captures Gnb by specific recognition between ConA and Gnb; ConA-functionalized carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes with high-conductivity serve as signal amplification material; and TENG provides a stable power supply to the microbiosensor system. Variation of Gnb concentration leads to changes in the adsorption capacity of CNT-ConA, which further results in the variation of resistance. Thus, the microbiosensor system could effectively detect the bacteria concentration based on the monitoring of output voltage. In addition, by integrating alarm circuit with microbiosensor, the detection results can be can be directly indicated by light emitting diode. Desulforibrio sp. Huiquan2017 was chosen as typical SRB for validating the performance of the as-obtained self-powered microbiosensor. In the detection range of 3 × 103 to 3 × 107 CFU mL−1, the correlation between peak voltage and bacteria concentration exhibits linear relation. Meanwhile, the detection mechanisms were further elucidated by adopting molecular simulations. This work not only offers an effective strategy for detecting Gnb, but also provides useful insights into the development of portability, specificity, and stability of TENG-based sensor systems.

Design of thermometer based on STM32 and Bluetooth

This system uses temperature sensor DS18B20, Bluetooth module HC-05, microcontroller STM32f103ZET6, LCD display with 8080 port, RTC clock and alarm circuit to achieve portable temperature measurement rapidly. It can accurately measure the temperature and the deviation is kept within 0.5 degrees. The collected temperature data and the current time are displayed on the display screen. Send the collected temperature data at regular time and receive by APP mobile phone. When users want to get temperature data remotely on their phones, press the send button on the touch screen, press the up button and send the “wendu#” command to the cell phone APP to get the temperature data collected. When the temperature is over 37∘C, the four LED lights will always be on and LCD will show “Temperature is too high, please pay attention!” This design can not only realize the function of temperature measurement simply, but also optimize the display interface, modify the system time on the display interface to achieve the humanized function, which is convenient for daily portable use.

Design of Solar Energy Photoelectric Storage Comprehensive Application Experimental Device

This experimental device is composed of the battery characteristics test of the solar cell, rotating and leveling of the solar panel, photoelectric complementary power supply, battery capacity display and charging/capacity and internal resistance test unit. The battery characteristics test unit includes variable resistance circuit, modulation circuit, LED drive circuit and light intensity measurement and display circuit design. The rotating and leveling of the solar panel unit includes wind and rain sensor input, master control of MCU, vertical axis rotation, horizontal axis swing rotation, voice warning and so on. The photoelectric complementary power supply unit includes the charge and discharge controller, inverter, DC/AC load and control circuit. In addition, the battery capacity display unit includes signal input, analog-to-digital conversion and LED display/voice alarm circuit design. The battery charging /capacity and internal resistance test unit includes voltage regulator, constant current generation circuit, voltage detection, display circuit and control circuit. In this paper, the experimental contents and methods which can be carried out by the device are designed. The experiment of the device has the characteristics of rich knowledge integration, strong comprehensiveness and a flexible combination of contents.

Analysis on the Circuit Design of Fire Alarm

In the large airtight cinema and school, there are a lot of people in public places, thus the fire safety problems always attach great importance to everyone. The appearance of fire alarms can definitely help audience who are immersed in watching movies and students who are listening to the teachers carefully to remind them of a fire, so they can leave the scene in time and reduce property losses. This paper will take the fire alarm circuit as an example to realize the combined logic circuit by using various integrated circuits of different scales. This design is very flexible, effective and operable. In the actual process of use, the appropriate scheme can be selected according to the design requirements and the resource of the device. The object of study is a logic circuit, which is composed of an integration gate or a medium scale synthesizer. The experimental methods include practical ideas, application of Boolean logic principles, and sampling of data from others through the Internet, which are mentioned at the end of the paper. The conclusion is that abstract logic can be used step by step to design a practical and effective circuit diagram.

Design of Bluetooth anti-lost Device Based on 51 Series Single Chip Microcomputer

n order to solve the problems like the difficulty of people to retrieve the lost valuables in daily life and rampant theft in crowded areas, a practical Bluetooth anti-loss device based on 51 series single-chip microcomputer is proposed in this paper. It can effectively avoid the risk of users’ valuables being stolen or left behind, which has a very good market prospect. Based on the Bluetooth communication technology, this paper introduces the working principle of the Bluetooth tracker, and designs its hardware system circuit, including power module, crystal oscillator module, button module, alarm circuit, core controller, Bluetooth module and so on. The master and slave uses the same program design, by constantly sending handshake information to each other and using a timer to detect whether the other one is disconnected or not, achieves the anti-loss and anti-theft function. The Bluetooth anti-loss device designed has the advantages of high reliability, strong functionality, and high performance-to-price ratio.

Application of Water Circulation Electric Heating System in Energy-saving Treatment of Floor Heating

Li, L. and Hong, Y.F., 2020. Application of water circulation electric heating system in energy-saving treatment of floor heating. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 385–389. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In the heating process of the current heating system, the temperature fluctuation range is large, the heating stability is poor, the heating power consumption and the heating cost are high, and the application research of the water circulation electric heating system in the energy-saving treatment of floor heating is proposed. This article takes AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer as the core, uses LCD, system clock, input/output parallel interface 8255, keyboard circuit, watchdog circuit, actuator and alarm circuit to realize the system hardware design. Using modular programming method, the system application program is divided into program modules, using assembly language programming, designing program modules, and realizing system software design. The system uses nano-material heaters and uses single-chip microcomputers to perform parameters such as water temperature, water level, and room temperature. Detection and protection of over-temperature, water shortage and electric leakage. Taking the single building of the green farm house experience center as an example, the research results show that the temperature fluctuation of the main indoor room heated by the water circulation electric heater system designed in this paper is small, the heating system heating stability is good, and the heating can be effectively reduced Power consumption, reducing heating costs.

Room temperature ammonia gas sensor based on polyaniline/copper ferrite binary nanocomposites

In this work, a polyaniline/copper ferrite (PANI/CuFe2O4) heterostructure was synthesized by in situ polymerization for the first time, and a high-performance NH3 sensor was developed by coating the heterostructure onto a substrate with staggered electrodes. The composition, chemical state and morphology of the PANI/CuFe2O4 composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TEM and SEM results showed that the CuFe2O4 had a nanometer microsphere structure and PANI nanocapsules that were rod-like. The sensitivity of the PANI/CuFe2O4 sensor to different concentrations of NH3 gas was investigated at room temperature. The experimental results showed that the PANI/CuFe2O4 film shows excellent performance in terms of high response and selectivity: the response at 5 ppm ammonia was found to be as high as 27.37 %, which was clearly superior to that found for pristine PANI and CuFe2O4 films. The PANI/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite showed excellent sensitivity toward NH3 sensing, which can be attributed to the interaction between p-n heterojunctions in the binary nanocomposite. In addition, an ammonia alarm circuit based on the fabricated sensor was developed to realize practical applications for the detection of ammonia concentrations beyond the current limits.

Development and Safety Evaluation of Earth Leakage Alarm Breaker Equipped with Fire Current (IGR) Alarming Function

The purpose of this study is to develop an earth leakage alarm circuit breaker, equipped with a leakage alarming function (JER-E2S, ETECKOREA Co., Korea), and to analyze its characteristics. The developed mechanism is exclusively used for single-phase and 220 V circuits, with a rated current of 32 A, 20 A, 20 A (for restrooms), 16 A, etc. It satisfies all characteristics of existing earth leakage circuit breakers (ELB). If a fire current, which is a resistive leakage current (Igr), flows through an electric line, the device detects the leakage current in real time and warns against the leakage through a blinking LED lamp. Since the developed device displays a tolerance to a capacitative leakage current (Igc) that inevitably occurs in LED lamps, communication devices, etc., it ensures a stable power supply. In addition, the earth leakage alarm circuit breaker protects against power failure due to a momentary ground fault. Therefore, it can supply power without the risk of the circuit breaker malfunctioning due to a momentary ground fault caused by water droplets, leaves, etc. Moreover, with a standby power of less than 0.1 W, the developed earth leakage alarm circuit breaker exhibits a power saving performance that is 3~8 times greater than that of other ELBs. Installation of approximately 10 earth leakage alarm circuit breakers in one apartment household, with an area of 120 m2, can save 2~5 kWh per month. Therefore, the developed earth leakage alarm breaker not only satisfies the characteristics of existing earth leakage breakers, but also exhibits outstanding power supply quality since it has the functions of electric fire prevention and malfunction prevention. Therefore, this device can innovatively contribute to electric fire prevention.

A Wireless Warning System using a Programmable Intelligent Computer

The problem of preventing unauthorised persons from accessing specific places has become an interesting research field. This study proposes a warning system to alarm the owner about any unauthorised attempt to access a secure gate. In the proposed system, the classic alarm circuits that use 555 timers or operational amplifiers are replaced with a simpler and more reliable electronic circuit that includes a small microcontroller chip known as a Programmable Intelligent Computer (PIC). The PIC is programmed to perform sense any touch and produce an alarm signal (buzzer sound), or to send a text message and/or phone call. Implementation of the system demonstrates the superiority of PIC-based circuit over rudimentary electronic circuits in terms of cost, size, complexity, reliability, and system updates.

Self-powered on-line ion concentration monitor in water transportation driven by triboelectric nanogenerator

Ion concentration in water is a key criterion for evaluating water quality. In this work, we developed a self-powered on-line ion concentration monitor in water transportation based on impedance matching effect of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). A rotary disc-shaped TENG (RD-TENG) and an ion concentration sensor were fabricated based on the industrial printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Flowing water in the pipeline acts as the energy source to drive the RD-TENG and generate an open-circuit (Voc) of 210 V. The ion concentration sensor exhibits a nearly pure resistance characteristic under the alternating current (AC) signal with the frequency below 500 Hz, corresponding to the rotation speed of 250 rpm for the RD-TENG. The impedance matching relationship between the RD-TENG and the ion concentration sensor was experimentally studied and applied to elucidate the sensing mechanism. Finally, a self-powered sensing system integrated with an alarm circuit was assembled which exhibits excellent responsibility and high sensitivity. The change of ion concentration with only 1 × 10−5 mol/L can light up an alarm LED.

FIRE DETECTION BASED ON IOT THROUGH FIBER TO THE HOME (FTTH)

ABSTRACTFires can occur anytime and anywhere and fires are generally known after the fire has begun to grow. Therefore, it is necessary to detect fires that can quickly detect the presence of a fire and prevent fires from getting bigger. This research has made a fire detection equipment where the detection results can be received remotely by utilizing the internet network through FTTH. The transmitter equipment consists of a fire detector using the MQ-2 gas sensor, LM35DZ temperature sensor, processing data using Arduino that is connected to an Ethernet shield and FTTH. The receiver consists of an Ethernet shield, Arduino, and an alarm and LED circuit. Changes in smoke temperature and thickness were detected by Arduino. When the LM35DZ temperature sensor detects temperature changes greater than or equal to 350C and the gas sensor MQ-2 detects smoke thickness greater than or equal to 150ppm, the Arduino microcontroller will provide logic 1 and will activate the buzzer and led. Conversely, if the temperature and smoke thickness are less than the conditions above, Arduino sends logic 0. Arduino uno is connected to the Ethernet shield so that data from Arduino can be sent via the internet using FTTH network. In the receiver, if the data received by logic 1 will activate the buzzer and led which indicates the temperature above 35 degrees and smoke thickness above 150 ppm. Transmitter devices and receivers can be interconnected through FTTH networks with IP addresses that are one network, where the IP transmitter device is 172.31.16.27 and the IP device is 172.31.16.29. The QOS test results for FTTH network are good with packet loss 0 and very small delay which is <150 ms and throughput above 1Mbps.Key : Arduino, buzzer, LED, Ethershield, Fiber To The Home,IoT

Design and Implementation of Controller for EHPS of Intelligent Electric Bus

In order to meet the needs of bus electrification and intellectualization, a controller for the steering power system of an intelligent electric bus is studied in this paper. The contents mainly include: based on the structural principle and control strategy of the EHPS system, Luenberger observer is designed, which is applied to the sensorless control system of PMSM. Then, a controller with STM32F103zet6 chip as its core is designed and manufactured. The hardware design of the controller includes the minimum system circuit, power supply circuit, signal acquisition circuit, integrated driver module circuit, CAN communication circuit, fault and high temperature alarm circuit of the single chip computer; combining the design of each hardware part, the controller of EHPS system is made. In the aspect of software implementation, the control decision-making part, a motor drive control part, fault diagnosis, and transmission part are mainly designed. Finally, the bench test and vehicle test of the controller are carried out. The purpose of the bench test is to test the control effect of the controller on the motor. The bench test results show that the target speed response of the motor is fast and the output is stable. The controller developed in this paper realizes the control of PMSM. The purpose of the real vehicle test is to test whether the controller meets the actual application requirements of the steering power system of the vehicle. The actual vehicle test results show that the steering wheel's torque decreases obviously, and the steering power system has good power-assisting performance when the EHPS system controller works. With the increase of vehicle speed, the power-assisting torque decreases accordingly. EHPS system realizes the dynamic change of power-assisting and meets the requirements of the conventional power-assisting mode of the car. In addition, the controller can realize the active steering control by controlling the electric power assistant device, which provides a platform for the realization of lane auxiliary maintenance, automatic parking, unmanned driving, and other functions.