Ranking the risks of deaths from various factors affecting the human body shows the leading effect of radon. The main source of radon entry into the dwelling is the soil under the building. Health risks analysis was performed at various levels of radon concentrations. Based on analyses of radon exposure data made in the USA, analytical dependencies of health risks are derived depending on the radon concentration. Analysed the path of penetration of radon in the home. The cost of the work to protect the home from radon penetration has been estimated. Analysis of the appearance of oncological diseases of the respiratory organs for residents of the region according to statistical data depends on the number of floors. The approach to the choice of the level of protection from radon exposure according to the ALARA principle – to ensure the most reasonable achievable level of radon concentration is substantiated. The analysis of the protective properties of various building materials is performed.