Alahan Panjang Research Articles

Bahasa Indonesia

The purpose of experiment were to know antagonistic activity of fungi to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in rhizosphere of tomato. The experiment consisted of isolation, test of antagonistic activity and identification of fungi that carried out at Phytopathology Laboratory of Universitas Andalas. Soil samples were taken from rhizosphere of healthy tomato in Alahan Panjang, Solok, and Agam. The results indicated that there were seven antagonistic fungi to Meloidogyne spp., namely: Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium, sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Gliocladium sp. Trichoderma sp., and Chaetomium sp.

POTENCY OF LOCAL ISOLATE PAECILOMYCES FROM WEST SUMATERA FOR CONTROL OF ROOTKNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE SPP) ON VEGETABLES

ABSTRACT Paecilomyces is an antagonistic fungus that can be used as a base material for the manufacture of bionematicides for the control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) because it has antagonistic activity as a nematode egg parasite. Utilization of Paecilomyces local isolates has good potentials for the control of parasitic nematodes, especially root knot nematodes. The environmental conditions of fungal isolates affect the ability of fungi in parasitizing nematode eggs. The objective of the study was to obtain local isolate of Paecilomyces fungi which have high potential to control root knot nematodes. Fungal samples were from soil rhizosphere of tomato plants infected by root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) from several locations of vegetable production centers of West Sumatra, namely Alahan Panjang, Agam and Tanah Datar. As results of the research, 10 isolates of Paecilomyces fungi were obtained, 3 isolates from Alahan Panjang (PAP1, PAP2, and PAP3), 3 isolates from Agam (PA1, PA2, and PA3) and 4 isolates from Tanah Datar (PTD1, PTD2. PTD3 and PTD4). All Paecilomyces isolates had potency to control root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp) with suppression percentage ranged from 55% - 70.9%. The PAP 2 (isolate from Alahan Panjang) had the best ability to control root knot nematodes with suppression percentage of 70.90%.

Leksikon Perikanan di Danau Diatas

This paper describes the fisheries lexicon in Lake Diatas Alahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti, Solok. Also, it explains the meaning of lexicon. Methods and techniques for providing data use the SLC method, note-taking technique, and record technique. Data analysis methods and techniques use basic PUP techniques and HBB techniques. It found 50 words and 21 phrases. The description of the meaning relates to the catching equipment and its parts, supporting equipment, and catches. In general, the cultural meaning of the fisheries lexicon in Lake Diatas is prohibitions. Some of the prohibitions are manunjuak-nunjuak, mangarensiangi, takopue, ka danau di tangah ari, and bapusa-pusa duo biduak.

Hubungan antara Pengasuhan Orang Tua dengan Perilaku Agresif Remaja di Jorong Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok

This research is motivated by quite high aggressive behavior in Jorong Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok. This study aims to find parenting levels, aggressive behavior of adolescents, and the relationship between Parenting Parenting with Aggressive Behavior teenagers in Jorong Alahan Panjang Solok District. This type of research is quantitative correlational. The population in this study amounted to 74 people. The number of samples in this study amounted to 37 people taken 50% of the population using Cluster Random Sampling technique. Data collection techniques are questionnaires, and data collection tools sheets of statements. Data analysis techniques using the formula percentage and Product Moment. The results of the study found that parenting in Jorong Alahan Panjang Solok District is in the less good category, Aggressive Behavior of adolescents are in high enough category, and there is a significant relationship between Parenting Parenting with Aggressive Behavior of adolescents in Jorong Alahan Panjang Solok District.Keywords: Parenting, Aggressive Behavior

Hubungan antara Perhatian Orang Tua dengan Budi Pekerti Remaja di Jorong Usak Alahan Panjang Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti Kabupaten Solok

Background of this research is character of teens in Usak Alahan Panjang Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti Kabupaten Solok stil low. This is suspected because parents attention is stil low. The type of this reseach is to description 1) the attention of parents to adolescents, (2) the character of teenagers, and (3) to see whether there is a relationship between parents' attention and youth character in Jorong Usak. Population in this research is 40 people. The technique use for taken sampling is Stratified random sampling as much as 80% of adolescents. Samples in this research was 32 parents. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires, while data collection tools used questionnaires. Technique of data analysis by using formula of percentage and product moment. The result of the research is the attention given by the parents to the children in Jorong Usak Alahan Panjang Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti Solok Regency in the low category, adolescent character in the category is very low, and there is a significant correlation between the attention of the parents to the youth character in Jorong Usak Alahan Panjang Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti Solok District. Suggestions in this study is to parents to need to improve understanding, knowledge, and improve about the attention to adolescents, so that adolescents can show good behavior.Keywords: Parent Attention, Character

PEMERIKSAAN KADAR PESTISIDA DALAM DARAH PETANI BAWANG MERAH DI NAGARI ALAHAN PANJANG

Purpose of this study to determine whether or not farmers exposed to pesticides the and the inhalation pesticide factors in blood on farmers of onion in Alahan Panjang. The population in this study was the farmers of onion in Alahan Panjang. The sample were 5 farmers. The research instrument by Cholinesterase test in the district LABKESDA Solok. Cholinesterase test result can be determined by mean of photometer 5010. Examination result in onion farmers Alahan Panjang village revealed that one of the farmers contained below normal Cholinesterase in blood. The inhalation pesticide factors on onion farmer can be caused by years of service or length of work, health status, lack of knowledge of farmers in the use the pesticide such as spraying exceeds the set time, do not wear personal protective equipment in the spraying and personal hygiene farmers. It is recommended that farmers Cholinesterase below normal not use pesticides before to cholinesterase returned to normal, and following the extension and use pesticide safely.

POTENSI KARBON DI SUAKA ALAM ALAHAN PANJANG BLOK MANGGANI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

Indonesia berperan dalam mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca karena mempunyai hutan luas yang mampu menyerap dan menyimpan karbon dalam biomassa hutan cukup besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga potensi karbon yang terdapat di Suaka Alam Alahan Panjang Nagari Koto Tinggi Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada plot ukuran 20 m x 100 m sebanyak tujuh buah plot pengukuran dengan intensitas sampling sebesar 0,056 % dari luas total luas kawasan hutan yaitu 2.500 ha. Pada setiap plot pengukuran diambil data diameter pohon ≥ 5 cm < 30 cm dan diameter pohon ≥ 30 cm serta pengambilan tumbuhan bawah pada plot ukuran 1 m x 1 m. Dan pengambilan serasah kasar dan serasah halus dengan ukuran plot 0,5 m x 0,5 m. Selanjutnya dilakukan pendugan potensi karbon dengan persamaan Allometrik : B = 0,118 x D 2,53. Setelah menghitung karbon dengan rumus C = 50% dari total biomassa. CO2 yang diabsorsi digunakan rumus CO2 = C x 3,67. Dari hasil penelitian jumlah vegetasi yang diameter ≥ 30 cm berjumlah 98/1,4 ha = 70 vegetasi/ha, dengan rata-rata diameter 45,67 cm. Vegetasi yang berdiameter ≥ 5 cm < 30 cm berjumlah 163 vegetasi/0,14 ha = 1.164/ha. Total simpanan karbon dari komponen tegakan pohon sebesar 182 ton/ha, tumbuhan bawah sebesar 2,6 ton/ha, serasah kasar sebesar 10,139 ton/ha, serasah halus sebesar 34,8 ton/ha. Sehingga total karbon di Suaka Alam Alahan Panjang Blok Manggani sebesar yaitu 114,769 ton/ha. Jumlah CO2 yang diabsorsi sebesar yaitu 3 x 114,769 ton/ha = 421,204 ton/ha. 
 
 Kata kunci : biomassa, karbon, vegetasi

EFFECTIVITY OF BACILLUS CEREUS TO CONTROL RALSTONIA SYZYGII SUBSP. INDONESIENSIS AND GROWTH PROMOTING OF CHILI PEPPER

Four Bacillus cereus isolates acquired from previous studies have good biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity in plants. This study purposes to acquire best Bacillus cereus which has the ability to control Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and plant growth promoting activity on fields. Research was conducted in Alahan Panjang, Solok District, West Sumatera, Indonesia. It used Complete Randomized Design with three replications. Parameters observed are disease development (Symptom, severity), growth development (germination rate, plant height, number of leaves, root length) and generative phase (Time of flowering and yields). Result showed that indigenous rhizobacterial isolates have varied ability to control pathogen and promote growth. All B. cereus persist in moderate density after 30 week introduction and have the ability to control disease development and reduce the symptom appearance of Bacillus cereus Strain JN233 have the ability to control R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis and have best ability to promote growth rate of pepper.

Population and Diversity of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from Shallots Rhizosphere in Different Altitudes in West Sumatra

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of indigenous believed to be more efficient and effective in helping the growth of plants. Observations diversity of indigenous AMF conducted at several locations of centers of shallot cultivation in West Sumatra. AMF existence is closely related to environmental factors (abiotic and biotic ). Sampling was based on the different in altitude : highland (Alahan Panjang), middle land ( Saniang Baka ) and lowland (Kambang). Indigenous AMF identification using morphological approach. The present study was undertaken to 1) look at the population and species diversity of AMF indigenous derived from shallots rhizosphere in different altitudes in West Sumatra and determine whether there are differences on the number and type of AMF at any location, 2) identified morphological characters of AMF spores. 19 types of indigenous AMF derived from shallots cropland in West Sumatra that Scutelospora (4 types), Glomus (10 types), Gigaspora (2 types), Acaulospora (3 types). We found the genus Glomus dominant in this study. Of the three locations, the greatest of AMF types was found in the area Saniang Baka (13 species), followed by Alahan Panjang (12 types) and Kambang (10 types). The number of species did not always a correlate with the number of spores. AMF spore count decreased with increasing height above sea level. Differences in altitude correlated negatively with the number of spores produced. The lowland, Kambang having a higher spore count (817 spores) than Saniang Baka in the middle land (798 spores) and Alahan Panjang in the highland (687 spores). It appears that differences in altitude affect the production of spores.

Reproduksi Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) : pengaruh ketinggian tempat, suhu dan tanaman inang terhadap keperidian

H. varicornis is a larval parasitoid of leafminer distributing and associating with several host plants in highland vegetables planting. Three experiments were conducted to study effects of elevations, temperatures and host plants on female reproduction fitness. The first experiment, we compared fitness traits of female originated from different elevation areas i.e Pandai Sikek (900-1000 m above sea level ), Alahan Panjang(1200-1300m) and Kayu Aro (1400-1500m) whilst two other experiments were treatment of temperatures level (18, 23, 280C), and host plants (red bean, bean and cucumber) to investigate longevity, egg layed, survivorship. Parasitoids originated from Kayu Aro showed the highest longevity and number of eggs. The best fitness also was performed when adult female maintained at 230C. Parasitism, superparasitism and paralization of the parasitoid have been discussed in this paper.

POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on some fruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essential as one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The study aimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males of B. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abiotic factors. The research was done by a survey method on three plots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 the farmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits and weeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation was practiced. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observed were density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfall per day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature). Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult males of B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruit fly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on a cotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at 2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about 1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every two weeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tau<br />in three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the study period with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of flies captured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two other plots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentage of damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two. The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over time to about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other two<br />plots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lure baited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factors studied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population and the damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedure<br />in IPM for controlling B. tau.

POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on some fruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essential as one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The study aimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males of B. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abiotic factors. The research was done by a survey method on three plots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 the farmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits and weeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation was practiced. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observed were density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfall per day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature). Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult males of B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruit fly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on a cotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at 2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about 1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every two weeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tau<br />in three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the study period with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of flies captured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two other plots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentage of damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two. The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over time to about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other two<br />plots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lure baited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factors studied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population and the damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedure<br />in IPM for controlling B. tau.

Phenolics Total and Antioxidant Activity of Strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis)

The purpose of this research is to know the total of phenolics and antioxidant activity of Strawberry that grows in the area Alahan Panjang Solok Regency and Padang Panjang city . This research was carried out at the Chemical Laboratory of Agricultural Polytechinc State of Payakumbuh with a long six months time needed. To determine the levels of phenols total used Folin-Ciocalteu methode, and as a standard also to be used galat acid, while on antioxidant activity testing used DPPH free radical absorption methode. T he results of research that methanol extract of Strawberries originally from Alahan Panjang have phenol total 180 mg/100 g of fresh sample and higher than Strawberries originally from Padang Panjang with phenol total 139.2 mg/100 g of fresh sample.

Attempts to Create Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Superior High-Yielded Variety through Mutation Breeding

Experiments to determine radiation dose effective for increasing wheat genetic diversity has been conducted from March to May 2015. Wheat seeds radiation was carried out at Research Center and PATIR BATAN, South Jakarta, followed by wheat growth screening at greenhouse of PATPKP UNAND at Alahan Panjang, Municipality of Solok, the Province of West Sumatra. Wheat genotypes of IS-Jarissa dan GURI 6 UNAND were subjected to gamma radiation as follow: 0 . 1; 0 . 2; 0 . 3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9; 1. 0 kGy ; and 0 kGy as control treatment. The wheat seeds were then grown in a mixture of soil and cow manure (3:1) w/w in a greenhouse. Data demonstrated that increasing the radiation doses resulted in decreasing in wheat growth. The effective doses of gamma radiation were 0.2 and 0.3 kGy. No wheat grown observed from the treatment groups of 0.5kGy gamma radiation and higher.

Individual Selection in Two Population of Segregation Based on Yield and Yield component

Wheat became an important cereal crops plant lately. Grain consumption increase year by year and it is covered by import. Now, government concern to the research and development of wheat in Indonesia. This research was carried out September 2012 to January 2013 in Nagari Alahan Panjang, sub-district of Lembah Gumanti, The district of Solok, West Sumatra Province. The purpose of this research was to select some plants in each population based on yield and yield component, in order to improve their characters in the next generation of plant. The research used two F2 populations (F2-1 and F2-2) derived from Slovakia and Selayar as a local variety. Each population F2 was planted as many as 240 seeds in two beds and Selayar in one bed consist of 120 seeds. Observations was done on spike length, number of productive tillers, number of spikelet and yield. The result showed that broad sense heritability of those characters was high. There were 16 plants selected from F2-1 population and 14 plants selected from F2-2 population which have productive tillers more than 35. Hence, Spike length has a correlation with yield. Both of F2 population selected individual plants whose spike above 11 cm. Therefore, it was selected 14 plants in F2-1 and 10 plants in F2-2. Spikelet number of spike influence the yield so that selection based on it will be important. In F2-1 population, it was selected 11 plants having more 25 spikelet numbers. On the other hand, it was selected 24 plants in F2-2 population having more than 20 spikelet numbers. The everage yield (grain weight) of these populations was different. There were 11 plants selected in F2-1 population whose grain weight more than 18 gr. Thus, there were only 3 plants selected in F2-2 population whose grain weight more than 10 gr.

UNGKAPAN LARANGAN BAGI SUAMI KETIKA ISTRINYASEDANG HAMIL DI KENAGARIAN ALAHAN PANJANG KECAMATAN LEMBAH GUMANTI KABUPATEN SOLOK

This research aims to describe the structure, categories and social functions contained in the expression for the ban on husband while his wife was pregnant at Alahan Subdistrick Panjang Lembah Gumanti Regency Solok . This research descriptive qualitative research method.The background of this study was , while the entry of this study is the expression in Kenagarian Alahan Panjang Subdistrick Lembah Gumanti Regency Solok ban on the husband in terms of structure, categories and social functions. To collect the data acquisition from Kenagarian Alahan Panjang Subdistrick Lembah Gumanti Regency Solok the informants using recording techniques. The technique used to analyze the data as follows. (1), transcribes the data from spoken language into written language, (2), translates the data into Indonesian. (3), analyzing the structure of the expression for the ban on husband while his wife was pregnant. (4), analyzed the expression category prohibition for a husband when his wife was pregnant. (5), to analyze the social function expressions prohibition for a husband when his wife was pregnant. (6), formulating research results in the form of reports.

TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF PEDAGANG SAYUR-MAYUR DI PASAR ALAHAN PANJANG KABUPATEN SOLOK

This research is done to describe the pattern and the function of Speech Act Directive Trader Vegetable in Market Alahan Panjang Kabupaten Solok. This research is also done to describe the situation of greengrocers’ speech in the market of Alahan panjang, the Regency of Solok. Data is collected by using observation technique that used tape recorder as recording instrument. Subject in this research is the greengrocers in the market of Alahan Panjang, the Regency of Solok. However, outcome of this research are the pattern, the function, and the situation of 194 greengrocers’ speeches in the market of Alahan panjang, the Regency of Solok. Kata kunci: Tindak Tutur, Direktif, Pedagang,

KERAGAMAN GENETIK, KEBUGARAN DAN INKOMPATIBILITAS REPRODUKSI Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), PARASITOID LARVA Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Several experiments have been conducted to study genetic variation, fitness and reproductive incompatibility of H. varicornis from different geographic populations. Genetic variation from Pandai Sikek (PS), Alahan Panjang (AP) and Kayu Aro (KA) was analyzed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique and the similarity of genetics measured using NTSys program. The fitness of female wasps such as longevity, fecundity and preoviposition was observed and then compared among those populations. Incompatibility in reproduction was determined by accounting of reproductive compatibility (RC) index in crossing of intra and interpopulation both of PS and AP. The results showed high genetic variation of H. varicornis among population from Alahan Panjang, Pandai Sikek and Kayu Aro with similarity coefficient of 30 to 70%. The best fitness showed the female wasps from Kayu Aro that was significantly different (P= 0.00) in longevity (24.60 ± 6.4 days), fecundity (63.6 ± 28.6 eggs) and parasitization (53.60%) but not significantly different (P=0.07) in number of the first day eggs (1.1 ± 1.4 eggs). Crossing of AP and PS indicated incompatibility in reproduction among the population.

POTENSI SUSU KERBAU "DADIH" SEBAGAI AGROWISATA KULINER KABUPATEN SOLOK, SUMATERA BARAT

Dadih buffalo milk is well known for its delicious and health benefit and can be one of superior alternative commodity for ranch agriculture tourism in Solak Regency. The objective of this study is to identify the potential of and conserva­tion efforts or rebuilt image for dadih buffalo milkfo1#development of agrotourism in Solak District. The study find out that a tour to the village of dadih buffalo milk (Dewi Abadi), Alahan Panjang or Air Dingin village in Subdistrict of Lembah Gumanti has a good development prospect as a center of agrotourism area for buffalo milk ranch. To Support Dewi Abadi development, it needs a structured technical sector to organize the area, human resources development program, marketing models in order to sell agrotourism product, and to prepare methods for funding and mechanism for its m.anagement.

Community structure of parasitoids Hymenoptera associated with Brassicaceae and non-crop vegetation

Abstract. Yaherwandi. 2012. Community structure of parasitoids Hymenoptera associated with Brassicaceae and non-crop vegetation. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 22-26. Parasitoids Hymenoptera has an important role in agroecosystem because of their ability in suppressing pest population. Their presence in the field is seen as the key to agricultural ecosystem. Their presence can be influenced by the availability of non-crop vegetation. Some adult parasitoids Hymenoptera require food in the form of pollen and nectar of wildflowers to ensure effective reproduction and longevity. The objective of this research was to study communities of parasitoid Hymenoptera in Brassicaceae field and non-crop vegetation around Brassicaceae fields. Samplings were conducted at two different landscape structures, i.e. Kayu Tanduak and Padang Laweh representing complex landscapes, whereas Alahan Panjang and Sungai Nanam representing simple landscapes. Insects were sampled by three trapping techniques (farm crop, sweep net, and yellow pan traps) in one line of transect for each landscape. A total of 84 species from 17 families of parasitoids Hymenoptera were collected in Brassicaceae field and in non-crop vegetation. Landscape structure, flowering vegetation, and pesticide application affected the species richness, diversity and evenness of parasitoids Hymenoptera in Brassicaceae fields and non-crop vegetation.