Al-Kut City Research Articles

Effect of an education program on high school male students' knowledge about substance use

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the education program on high school mal students' knowledge about substance use. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was carried out at Al-Kut city, Iraq from 20 September to 24 November 2022. The study included 60 Al Kut Education Directorate students using non-probability (purposive) sampling. Direct interview utilizing a specialized questionnaire with two parts (59) items was used. Part 1 had 8 socio-demographic items and Part 2 had 51 items on substance use knowledge. SPSS was used to examine data. Inferential statistical data analysis, T-test and ANOVA were used to analyze socio-demographic factors and student knowledge. Results: There was a highly significant difference through periods (Pre-test, Post-test I and Post-test II) for the study group regarding students’ knowledge about substance use that indicate the effectiveness of educational program (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The program was effective in improving high-school students’ knowledge about substance use and there was a significant difference in knowledge between students who attended the program sessions (study group) comparing to those who not attended program sessions (control group).

Epidemiological study of Mandibular Fractures Aetiology and Site Using computed tomography in AL Kut city

The mandible is the largest and only moveable facial bone. It begins as 2 separatebones and unites anteriorly when a child approaches 1 year of age. Being a prominent bone of the facial skeleton, it is fractured most commonly among maxillofacial injuries.This epidemiological study was conducted to evaluate the etiology of mandibular fractures and anatomical site of the fracture in 115 patients treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial department ALZhraa hospital in ALKut city from 2012 to 2014. These patients were examined both clinically and radio-graphically for mandibular fractures. Records related to age, sex, and etiologies of fracture and sites of fracture were evaluated and reviewed. The most common age group affected was 21-30 years (26,08% ). Only 17.39% of patients were less than 10 years of age, and 1.7% was more than 60 years of age. Male to female ratio was 4:1. The most common cause of mandibular fractures was road traffic accidents (52.1%) followed by accidental fall (26.08%), while the least involved group was industrial accidents (1.7%), A total of 146 fractures were sustained by 115 patients at different sites there were multipl fractures in the same person .The most common site of mandibular fracture was parasymphysis (30.43%). All over the world, mandibular fractures have continued to generate discussion among researcher due to their important fuction .The male to female ratio shows 4:1 this is also in agreement with most of the studies due to their freqent participation in high risk activity such as driving vehicles sport that involve physical and active social life .

Evaluation of some biochemical and hematological changes caused by chronic cigarette smokers among men in Kut city

The study was conducted to determinate the effect of continuous ciggarette smoking on some biochemical and hematological components of male smokers blood in Al-Kut city, Iraq. The study included two groups with age range between 18-60 years . The first group consists of 40 healthy male subjects, who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 3 years , while the second group consist of 42 non-smokers (control group) .The study found that are a significantly increased in ALT and AST liver enzymes activities, increased cholesterol and triglyceride, increased urea and creatinine, increased fasting blood sugar and increase hemoglobin and packed cells volume decreased while, the serum total protein was significantly decreased in compares with non smoker group.

Molecular and serological diagnosis of Brucella among dairy Women Seller and their Families in Kut city

Brucella infections (Brucellosis) is a disease that reaches individuals who work directly in contact with animals. The aims of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Brucella species in dairy women seller and their families by Real Time quantitative- qPCR reaction. The study was done in AL-Kut city (Iraq), Serum samples were collected from some women who sell dairy products (hawkers) in city markets and resident in different four villages around city, As in addition their families who live contact with cattle and participated in make the dairy products. One hundred eighty six (30 dairy women seller +156 of their families) Serum samples were collected between July 2015 to November 2015, and the Rose Bengal test (RBT) was performed on each sample.A total of 30 dairy women seller (DWS) were 6 (20%) Brucella seropositive, out of 156 persons (families of dairy women seller) were 44 (28%) Brucella seropositive. All seropositive test by Real Time- PCR reaction, PCR was based on unique genetic loci of B. melitensis and B. abortus. The regions were chosen for the construction of primers and probes for species differentiation: BMEII0466 gene for B. melitensis and Bru-Ab2_0168 gene for B. abortus. Out of (50) Seropositive B. meltitensis was diagnosed in 27(54%) sample , B. abortus in 11(22%). sample . Among the (20) women (6 DWS+14 of their families) were seropositive. The questionnaire showed 10 (50%) of them had aborted and 2 (10%) presented with a stillbirth. Human brucellosis appears to be of public health importance in Iraq and more attention should be drawn on the disease. The current study provides a basis for larger studies to establish the incidence of Brucella infections among rural population in Iraq.

Measurement the concentrations of the Radon for drinking water samples in Kut city

In this research ten samples of Drinking water from AL-Kut city, were possess to measure the concentration of radon gas using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD) LR-115 type II .The result marks obtained are different from 213.2-760.3 Bq/m3, and these values are within the allowed limits, and exhalation dose from drinking water has been calculated which was different from 6.03-19.18 mSv/y with an average of 11.22 mSv/y.

Deriving rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves and testing the best distribution using EasyFit software 5.5 for Kut city, Iraq

Abstract The intensity of rainfall can be considered as an essential factor in designing and operating hydraulic structures. The intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curve is used for designing hydraulic projects such as drainage networks, road culverts, bridges, and many other hydraulic structures. In the field of water resources engineering, IDF curve is dependent widely on the plan, designing, and operating the project. Additionally, it can be used for different flood engineering structures. The purpose of this research is to get the frequency of the intensity of rain duration for Al KUTcity, Iraq, and find curves. Three essential techniques of frequency analysis (Gumbel distribution, lognormal, and log Pearson Type III) were depended to formulate this relationship based on data of rainfall intensity during the period between 1992 and 2019. Distribution methods involving lognormal, Gumbel, and log Pearson Type III were applied by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) for short periods of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 12, and 24 h with 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years return periods. The results showed that rainfall intensity reduced as the duration of the storm increased, and if the return period of the rainfall was large, rainfall of any specific duration showed a higher intensity. Using EasyFit 5.5 software, for all durations, the lognormal probability distribution showed the best fit for the data group and estimated intensities of precipitation for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. According to the obtained results, one can notice that the intensity of rainfall increased with the increment in return periods, but decreased with the increment in duration. The resulting IDF models could be used to improve accuracy and results.

The distance between maxillary second molar and the base of the maxillary sinus by aging using CT scan

The alveolar process of the maxilla forms the maxillary sinus floor. If the sinus is of an average size, it is on a level with the floor of the nose; if the sinus is large, it reaches below this level. Projecting into the floor of the antrum are several conical processes, corresponding to the roots of the first and second molar teeth; in some cases, the fangs of the teeth perforate the floor .The close anatomical relationship of the maxillary sinus with the roots of maxillary molars and premolars renders this anatomical region susceptible to morbid situations resulting from damage to, and therapeutic intervention in the dentoalveolar environment. Knowledge of the relationship between the root apex and the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus is crucial for diagnosis and treating a sinus pathosis as well as in assisting dental implantation, endodontic procedures and orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to estimate different distances between the maxillary sinus base and the root apices of maxillary second molars measured on computed tomography (CT) to determine the differences through aging. Sixty patients attending the radiology center of AL-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in AL-Kut city for any maxillofacial complaints were selected in this study according to special criteria. The samples were divided into four equal groups according to their age. Lines were drawn on the sagittal reconstructed images between the deepest point of the maxillary sinus floor and the root apices of the maxillary second molar and the distances were measured using built-in measurement tools for right and left sides of these four groups. Results of this study found that there was no significant difference in the distance between apices of maxillary second molar roots and the floor of maxillary sinus in the four age groups and there was no significant differences between the right and left sides of the 2nd molar roots apices and their relations to the floor of the maxillary sinus in these groups except in P roots of 50 age group the distance in right side was larger than in the left side.

Monthly variations of some physical and chemical properties for Al- Dujaila river of Al-Kut city

Monthly variations in physio-chemical parameters of Al-Dujaila, one of the main tributaries of the Tigris River were investigated from October 2013 to April 2014. The study location situated in the south-eastern sector of Iraq, and it was surrounded by wide and fertile agricultural lands. Three stations were selected for that. The first station is located at the beginning AL-Dujaila River after branching the Tigris river as control. The second is situated at distance 2 km away from the former represented study area.The latter station is located at 4 km apart from the second one. Samples collectingmonthly, two samples were taken each month. In the present study fourteen physical and chemical parameters were analyzed based on the importance of these parameters. These fourteen parameters are arranged as following: air temperature (17 to 36) ºC, water temperature (10 to 24) ºC, pH (7.02to 8.2), E.C. (1115 to1378) μS/cm, salinity ( 0.71 to 0.90) ppt, DO (7.05 to 11.65) mg/L , BOD ( 1.2 to 7.05) mg/L ,turbidity (21.0 to 65) NTU, TDS (743 to 918) mg/L , TSS (32 to 95) mg/L , T.H2(320 to 500) mg/L , Cl- (104 to 178) mg/L, NO3 (6 to 14.53) mg/L and PO4 (0.16 to 0.60) mg/L.

Hydrochemical and Biological study of surface water in Al-Kut city

In this study, physicochemical and biological examinations of water samples were performed. These analyses included measuring the pH, EC, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, and COD. Turbidity was also measured. Along with the primary cations and anions, heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Mo, Hg, Al, Li, Be, Se, V, U, and Sr are included. The study of hydrochemistry incorporates both the geochemistry of the surface water in Al-Kut city as well as the water from the Tigris River that is discharged into the main river. There are a total of sixteen surface water samples that have been collected. These samples have been dispersed as sixteen from the Tigris River portion of the study region separately, which discharged onto the main river. In order to evaluate the quality of the water for a variety of applications, physicochemical parameters of water samples are tested, and the results of those analyses are compared to both Iraqi and international standards. The findings support the hypothesis that the pH of the Tigris River ranges from neutral to slightly alkaline. It is characterized by having slightly brackish water and an abundance of Ca2+ and SO4 =, which are the predominant ions in the water. In the Tigris River, the cations are arranged in the following order: Ca2+ Na+> Mg2+>K+, and the anions are organized as follows: SO4 = > Cl- > HCO3 -. The Tigris River in the city of Al-Kut was contaminated with PO4 3- and NO3. The concentrations of the trace elements Al, As, Sr, Mn, Fe, Li, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Mo, V, and Ba in the Tigris River are all within the acceptable limits, with the exception of Sr and b, which both exceed these limits. Trace elements appear to be concentrated in the Tigris River. According to BOD, the situation with the Tigris River is critical. The BOD and COD readings were visibly affected by the various forms of excreta that were not treated in the waste water. Because the water in the Tigris River is high in salinity (both TDS and EC) and nutrients, it cannot be used for drinking. However, the water may be used for irrigation, and its quality ranges from acceptable to outstanding.

Assessment of Water Quality of Tigris River and branch in Alkut City by using Water Quality Index (WQIA)

Our water quality continues to be negatively impacted by human activities, this is a global problem of critical importance (particularly concerning fresh water and human consumption). Since the 1960s, the critical water quality index (WQI) technique has been used to assess the worldwide water quality state of surface water and groundwater systems. Plans for water resource management must consider extensive data and knowledge about the quality of available water. Water quality indicators are a straightforward technical method for evaluating the state of a river's water quality. In this approach, many water quality characteristics are examined and interpreted in research on river water quality. It can be considered the most important parts of monitoring plans for river quality. In this study, a monitoring plan is achieved for three different stations located on Tigris and branch rivers Al-Dujaili and Al-Gharraf in Wasit/ Kut during the study period for eight weeks from 1/3/2022 to 1/5/2022. Water quality assessment has been conducted using arithmetic quality indices of general water used for drinking and agricultural consumption. It is where the qualitative indices are turned into a single number with no units. Classifying water quality is done by comparing the values ​​of the indices to a scale of ratings that have already been set up. In this study, It has been utilized the Water Quality Index. The following physical and chemical factors are used to determine the water quality index: pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4), chloride (Cl), and phosphate (PO4). The results showed that each station had a low rating for the water quality index The average readings for the Tigris River were 187.44, Al-Dujaili 211.49 and Al-Gharaf 255.85, showing that Tigris River and its branches' water is seriously polluted for aquatic life due to the discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater from Kut's residential neighbourhoods.

Effect of Some Environmental Factors and Agricultural practices on Distribution and Abundance of Chironominae Larvae (Chironomidae:Diptera) in Rice Fields South East AL-KUT City

The distribution and abundance of Chironomid larvae were investigated in rice fields at the AL-SAID Shattee area South East AL-KUT City .The total number of chironomid larvae during period of the study(25 July 2010-10 November 2010) were 1056 larvae including : CLadotanytarsus v.d Wulpi group(37.7%) was the most abundance species , while the six other species Paralauterborniella sp(28.3%) Parachironomus hirtalatus (10.3%),Paratanytarsus sp(10.%),CHironomus plumosu(5.3%),Tanytarsus sp(4.3%),and Einfelidia anustini ( 3.3%) occurred less frequency. The results showed relationships among three species: Paralauterborniella, CLadotanytarsus, Parachironomus hirtalatus Where have positive significant relationship with (PH, watre depth, and water temperature) also the results showed relationship between(Tanytarsus, Paratanytarsus) where have positive significant relationship with (turbidity) while there are negative relationship with (conductivity), on other hand there are positive significant relationships among (PH, watre depth, ,water temperature, turbidity, and plant with height)with both species (CHironomus plumosu, Einfelidia anustini).Generally environmental factors such as : water PH, watre depth, and water temperature showed positive significant effects on Chironomini,while showed negative significant effects on Tanytarsini larvae conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (T.D.S), turbidity and plant height showed positive and negative significant and non significant effects on Chironomidae larvae population. The population structure of Chironomids in This agroecosystem followed the dynamic of the field including water availability and phases of rice plant growth.

Spontaneous Rupture of Exogastric Hemangioma:Case Report

Hemangiomas are benign congenital tumors of mature blood vessels and usually consist of dense masses of capillaries or larger blood vessels. Hemangiomas of the gastrointestinal tract are uncommon and account for only 0.05% of all intestinal neoplasms; gastric hemangiomas constitute less than 2% of benign gastric neoplasms. Gascoyen first described gastric hemangioma in 1860, and only 45 cases have been reported.1–5 Hemangioma of the stomach presenting with spontaneous rupture is rare. We describe a 41-year-old male who had rupture of abdominal hemangioma and subsequent hemoperitoneum. presented to the emergency unit of our hospital Al-Karama general hospital Al-Kut city with acute abdominal pain and distention where he was examined resuscitated, investigated , and explored for profuse hemoperitoneum and an exogastric ruptured mass were resected and submitted for histopathological examination. Which confirmed the diagnosis of hemangioma.

Study the distribution of kwashiorkor disease in AL_Kut city and other districts

Malnutrition is a general term for medical conditions caused by an improper or insufficient diet, which is essential for normal development physically and mentally especially in children being feed on low- nutrition value food other than on breast feeding. This condition led to kwashiorkor disease especially in children with 1-2 years old .Affected patients, have decreased body weight changing hair color and Finally edema and retardation later. In Iraq this disease reappear due to many causes , in this study, the distribution of this disease and its impact in Al-Kut city and other districts have been examined. 100 cases have been normally chosen from 1/11/2006 - 1/11/2007 intervals from Al-Zahraa general hospital. We found that high incidence ratio 65%, 1-2years children while the lowest incidence ratio 4% within 3_4 years old as a whole ratio. Incidence ratio caused by food typed were 39% for those depending on breast feeding only 22% for those depend on breast feeding milk , which feeding milk plus breast feeding was 21%. Any type of feeding plus solid food, the ratio was 18% of total case. In according to the geographical distribution most of disease incidence 21% was found in displaced family, and lowest incidence ratio 5% was found in Alswada village and surroundings.

Tuning ANN Hyperparameters by CPSOCGSA, MPA, and SMA for Short-Term SPI Drought Forecasting

Modelling drought is vital to water resources management, particularly in arid areas, to reduce its effects. Drought severity and frequency are significantly influenced by climate change. In this study, a novel hybrid methodology was built, data preprocessing and artificial neural network (ANN) combined with the constriction coefficient-based particle swarm optimisation and chaotic gravitational search algorithm (CPSOCGSA), to forecast standard precipitation index (SPI) based on climatic factors. Additionally, the marine predators algorithm (MPA) and the slime mould algorithm (SMA) were used to validate the performance of the CPSOCGSA algorithm. Climatic factors data from 1990 to 2020 were employed to create and evaluate the SPI 1, SPI 3, and SPI 6 models for Al-Kut City, Iraq. The results indicated that data preprocessing methods improve data quality and find the best predictors scenario. The performance of CPSOCGSA-ANN is better than MPA-ANN and SMA-ANN algorithms based on various statistical criteria (i.e., R2, MAE, and RMSE). The proposed methodology yield R2 = 0.93, 0.93, and 0.88 for SPI 1, SPI 3, and SPI 6, respectively.

Identification of nosocomial infection bacteria from hospitals, and effect of some antibiotics in Wasit Province

Background: Nosocomial infections are illnesses obtained after medical care. The responsible pathogens are represented by several types of microorganisms and this study aimed to define the causative bacteria and their sensitivity to different antibiotics. Methods: A total of 308 samples have been collected from different places and surfaces prone to bacterial contamination in the three main governmental hospitals in AL-Kut city. Firstly, bacteria were isolated and identified using the biochemical test, then antibiotic sensitivity of isolates was performed using different antibiotics for Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter cloacae on Mueller Hinton agar using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: There were 83 (26.9%) bacterial-contaminated samples. The most common type of isolated bacteria was Staphylococcus haemolyticus (20.5%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (12%) of the total bacteria. Culture and sensitivity for Staphylococcus haemolyticus bacteria showed that bacteria were resistant to all selected antibiotics reaching 92.9% for Azithromycin and 85.7% for Erythromycin. Results for A. baumannii bacteria showed bacterial resistance to all antibiotics and the highest rate (87.5%) was reported for Piperacillin. Results for Serratia marcescens bacteria showed bacterial resistance to most antibiotics except for Meropenem with 100% resistance to Augmentin and Nitrofurantoin.

Molecular study of Cryptosporidium spp. among diarrheal patients at Wasit province, Iraq

Cryptosporidium is a coccidian protozoan parasite infecting alimentary system and epithelial respiratory tract of humans and a wide range of vertebrates such as mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. This study was carried out in Al-Kut city, Iraq, in two major hospitals: Al-Kut Hospital for Gynecology, Obstetric and Pediatric and Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, which included collection of stool samples from diarrheal patients. 96 stool samples taken from patients with different ages and both genders were examined by multiplex PCR technique. The results showed that the percentage of Cryptosporidium spp. infection was 39.6% and 4.2% for C. parvum and C. hominis, respectively. There are no statistically significant associates between gender and Cryptosporidium infection. The higher infection for C. parvum (41.2%) appeared in females, while the higher infection for C. hominis was found in male (4.8%). The study showed that the percentage of C. parvum infection in the rural areas is more than the urban, where the percentage in rural areas (52.9%) showed a significant difference at p = 0.004, while the infection rate for C. hominis was 6.7% in urban area. Regarding the water source, higher cryptosporidiosis rate was found in participants who used bottled water than in those who used tap water, and there is statistical significant between C. parvum infection and water source (p = 0.03), while the high infection in individuals who used bottled water were 58%. The present study aimed to determine the common Cryptosporidium species in diarrhea samples.

Assessment of senior persons knowledge about constipation control in Dar al-shaffa and Basmat Al-Rahma in al-Kut City

Background: Constipation is a clinical diagnosis determined on the basis of insufficient stool evacuation, difficulty passing stool, or a combination of the two symptoms. Additionally, firm stools, stomach bloating, pain, and distention may occur. It is one of the most often encountered gastrointestinal disorders in Western nations' therapeutic practice. Objectives: Assess the senior persons’ knowledge about constipation control in Dar al-shaffa and Basmat Al-Rhma in al-Kut city. Methods: The study carried out at two nursing home centres in Al-Kut City, a quantitative, quasi-experimental study design was carried out (Dar Al-Shafaa governmental home and Basmat Al-Rahma privet nursing home ). The current research will run from December 24, 2020, through January 15, 2022. To meet the study's goals, a non-probability (purposive) sample of (57) senior citizens (27) for the case group and (30) nursing home residents for the control group was chosen. The instrument is divided into three sections: socio-demographic characteristics, a test of senior citizens' knowledge of multiple-choice questions, and a test of senior citizens' constipation indicators (severe, mild, and never). The instrument's content validity has been determined by a team of specialists. Cronbaghs' Coefficient alpha equation = 0.70 was used to establish the instrument scale's dependability.

Water corridors management: a case study from Iraq

ABSTRACT In Iraq, cities are expanding without regard to green infrastructure. Green and agricultural spaces are not being retained but instead are being converted into residential and commercial areas. Along with the changing climate, these changes decrease the quality of life. This study aims to assess knowledge deficiencies and current water management practices in expanding Al-Kut city in Iraq. An integrated, comprehensive vision for the city was formulated based on the green infrastructure concept to take advantage of the rivers’ banks and water corridors in order to mitigate climate change and urban heat island effects. It was concluded that there is mismanagement of water corridors within the city, which is squandering the opportunity to incorporate the abundance of water resources and green infrastructure into the cityscape to enhance the community's quality of life.

Molecular Study to Detect Escherichia coli in Diarrheic Children and its Antibiotic Resistance

Diarrheal diseases can lead to infections and cause morbidity and mortality in children. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an etiological agent, which is considered the major causative agent of diarrhea in children in some developing countries. The aims of this work were to estimate Escherichia coli (E. coli) causing diarrhea in children less than 5 years old, and to detect some biofilm virulence factors and the effect of some antibiotics. For the methodology, a total of 112 specimens were collected from children from two health centers, Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital and Public Health Laboratory (located in Al-Kut city/ and the Wasit province in Iraq). All specimens were grown on simple and rich media. A total of 43 (38.4%) E. coli isolates were identified using different traditional methods, such as biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was used to detect some virulence factor genes that play an important role in the pathogenesis of diarrheic E. coli e.g., 16S rRNA, bfpA, and eaeA. In this study, several antibiotics were used to estimate the sensitivity and resistivity of E. coli isolates. A total of 43 isolates were fully identified as E. coli. These samples were used to detect the virulence factor genes, and 31 (72.1%) and 29 (29.4%) isolates carried bfpA and eaeA, respectively. The preponderance of E. coli isolates were completely resistant to penicillin 43 (100%). Additionally, 33 (76.7%) and 27 (62.8%) isolates were resistant to cephalothin and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, respectively. Furthermore, the isolates of E. coli isolates showed different levels of sensitivity to antibiotics, including polymyxin B 40 (93%), norfloxacin 38 (88.4%), gentamycin 26 (60.4%), and meropenem 22 (51.2%). In conclusion, diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were the prevalent among diarrheic children. Most isolates showed varying results for the presence of virulence factors. In addition, all isolates were resistant to penicillin and sensitive to polymyxin B.

Effectiveness of an educational program on nurses- midwives' knowledge regarding nursing measures for utero-tonic drugs use in Al Kut City Hospitals

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of utero-tonic drugs use educational program on nurses- midwives' knowledge and to predict the variables which may affect their knowledge. Method: A quasi experimental study was conducted from 1st May 2021to 10th March 2022 in two hospitals at al- kut city on nurses and midwives who work at maternity hospitals. Non- probability (Convenience sampling) was used to collect the data from select 65 nurses and midwives, (32) of them for study group and (33) for control group. A questionnaire is an instrument to collect the demographic, occupational information and knowledge which consists of 40 items. An educational program is designed to involve two components which are: General information about utero-tonic drugs and Common use drugs (indication, side effects, contraindications, complications from misuse, and nursing interventions) and it was implemented on the study group only. Pretest and post-test had been conducted before and after the implementation of program for both groups. Validity of content was determined through reviewing it by (13) experts and reliability of tools was determined through a pilot study descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.