Al-Kut City Research Articles

Postoperative Complications After Gynecological Surgry in Al Kut City

Introduction: Post-operative problems are common. How the complications develop depends on the kind of operation, the preoperative treatment, and the patient's pre-existing comorbid condition. Problems following surgery can be divide into two categories: general and procedure-specific, as well as having emerged promptly, early, or late. Objectives: To determine the postoperative complications type after gynecological surgery in AL-Kut city. Methodology: A cross-sectional study had carried out in AL-Kut City, at the AL-Zahraa Teching Hospital and AL-Kut Hospital for Gynecology and Pediatrics. The seven-month data collection period started on October 16, 2023, and ended on May 16, 2024. Results: 400 female participants, ranging in age from 13 to 72, were be studied. The age distribution of the patients was 31.5 ±10, with the age group 24-34 accounting for the largest percentage of patients (41%) and the age group over 45 accounting for the lowest percentage (7.8%). In terms of marital status, the largest proportion of women (96.2%) were married, while the lowest (1.3%) were widowed. 51.2% of patients lived in urban areas, compared to 48.8% in rural ones. Patients with two to three children had the highest number of parities (34.8%), whereas 18% of patients did not have any parties. 31.8% of patients had an abortion, whereas 68.3% did not. Of which 44.3% had considered as normal BMI, 34.5% of people are overweight, 12% belong to the obese I, 4.3% to the obese II, and 4.5% are morbidly obese. Based on the patients' past medical history, hypertension was the most common ailment detected, accounting for 30.3% of cases (chronic HTN 13%, gestational HTN 17.3%), while diabetes patients made up 9.5% (chronic D.M. 6.5%, gestational D.M. 3%). Classification of Complications: 90.3% of complications occurred within 48 hours, whereas 51.3% developed intraoperative complications. Finally, 50.2% of patients experienced a late problem 48 hours later. Conclusion: The study discovered a link between complications after gynecologic surgery and pre-operative blood transfusion and hospital stay. Hemorrhage, anesthesia difficulties, and cardiac arrhythmia were significant, were the most common late complications among the patients. On the other hand, late complications had linked to surgical duration, number of parities, and age.

Evaluation of Enterobius Vermicularis Infection in Primary School and Relationship with Nocturnal Enuresis

Enterobiasis or pinworms infection is one of the most prevalent worms found in children worldwide . There was a possible association between certain infection and the propensity to develop nocturnal enuresis including intestinal helminthes infection. Prospective study included (100) randomly selected children aged range (6-12) years from both sex, have been acquired from primary schools in the center of Al-Kut city. The children were examined for E.vermicularis infection by microscopic examination .Total positivity rate of Enterobiasis among children from 6 -12 years was 14% & the number of positive sample were 14 out of 100 child examined .37 (16.2%) were males and 63 (12.6%) were females..Males had a slightly higher prevalence than females However, difference was non-Significance (NS) P>0.05. The results showed the highest prevalence (28.57 %)in the group age 6 years , while the lower infection rate was found in the group age 10-12 years (0%), The statistical analysis showed significant differences at the level of 0.05 between the age groups. E. vermicularis is one of the most common intestinal helminthes with nocturnal enuresis among children in Al-Kut city., there are no significant differences (NS) P>0.05 between males and females for Enterobius vermicularis infection and nocturnal enuresis.

Tigecycline is the Most Effective against Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Recovered from Burn Wound Infections in Two Hospitals in Al-Kut City, Iraq

Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most frequent microorganisms isolated from infections of burn wounds. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the distribution of multi-drug resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae in two burn hospitals and the antibiotic resistance profile in different burn regions of the same patient. It was performed in two hospitals (Al-Zahraa and Al-Karama) in Al-Kut, Iraq, between January and May 2022. Totally, 100 burn swabs were collected from 40 patients of both genders suffering from burn wound infections, with ages ranging between 3 and 50 years. Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated and identified using conventional methods followed by VITEK®2 system and confirmed via polymerase chain reaction targeting the gapA gene. Then, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was studied by the VITEK®2 system. Of the 100 burn wound swabs, 20 isolates were K. pneumoniae. Fifty five percent (11 out of 20) of K. pneumoniae isolated in the current study were MDR and 35% of the isolates had the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) which is the main antibiotic resistance mechanism. Furthermore, the bacteria isolated from different burned areas of the same patient showed variable pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. To conclude, K. pneumoniae contaminating the burn wards in the Iraqi hospitals are mostly MDR, against which tigecycline is the most effective antibiotic.

Detection of Hematological Correlations of People Lived at Al-Ahdab Oil Field in Al-Kut City, Iraq

This study was done in Wassit province, Al-Kut city in December 2023. Two groups were selected in this study: the first one consists of 25 people who have lived near the Al-Ahdab oil field, while the second one consists of controls with no significant difference in age between them and of both genders. This study aims to detect the influence of environmental pollution on the measured parameters of the blood (Urea, Creatinine, Hb, PCV, and CRP) with the presence of a significant relation among them. The results indicate that there is a highly significant relationship between Urea and creatinine and between Hb and PCV in both study groups. There is also a significant correlation between Urea and both Hb and PCV in the exposed group. While it was a significant correlation between Urea and CRP was detected in the control group only.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing staff towards postoperative pain management at hospitals in Al-Kut city

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing staff towards postoperative pain management at hospitals in Al-Kut city

Overview of the actual blood transfusion practice at Al-Kut City Hospitals, Wasit Province, Iraq

Overview of the actual blood transfusion practice at Al-Kut City Hospitals, Wasit Province, Iraq

Hybrid model to improve reference evapotranspiration prediction: Integrating ANN and PSO

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo), one of the key elements of the hydrological cycle, is crucial for managing irrigation and drainage systems. In order to estimate monthly ETo, this study tested the prediction abilities of a unique hybrid methodology that coupled data pre-processing with a hybrid model composed of an artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO). In order to train and evaluate the model, monthly meteorological data were collected in Al-Kut City, Iraq, from 1990 to 2020. A range of statistical indicators were used to assess the model, including RMSE, NSE, and R2. The outcomes showed that the model, with a coefficient of determination of 0.93, is effective and has good simulation levels.
 

Assessing the Potential of Hybrid-Based Metaheuristic Algorithms Integrated with ANNs for Accurate Reference Evapotranspiration Forecasting

Evapotranspiration (ETo) is one of the most important processes in the hydrologic cycle, with specific application to sustainable water resource management. As such, this study aims to evaluate the predictive ability of a novel method for monthly ETo estimation, using a hybrid model comprising data pre-processing and an artificial neural network (ANN), integrated with the hybrid particle swarm optimisation–grey wolf optimiser algorithm (PSOGWO). Monthly data from Al-Kut City, Iraq, over the period 1990 to 2020, were used for model training, testing, and validation. The predictive accuracy of the proposed model was compared with other cutting-edge algorithms, including the slime mould algorithm (SMA), the marine predators algorithm (MPA), and the constriction coefficient-based particle swarm optimisation and chaotic gravitational search algorithm (CPSOCGSA). A number of graphical methods and statistical criteria were used to evaluate the models, including root mean squared error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), maximum absolute error (MAE), and normalised mean standard error (NMSE). The results revealed that all the models are efficient, with high simulation levels. The PSOGWO–ANN model is slightly better than the other approaches, with an R2 = 0.977, MAE = 0.1445, and RMSE = 0.078. Due to its high predictive accuracy and low error, the proposed hybrid model can be considered a promising technique.

Examination of Single- and Hybrid-Based Metaheuristic Algorithms in ANN Reference Evapotranspiration Estimating

Hydrological resource management, including crop watering and irrigation scheduling, relies on reliable estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ETo). However, previous studies of forecasting ETo have not dealt with comparing single and hybrid metaheuristic algorithms in much detail. This study aims to assess the efficiency of a novel methodology to simulate univariate monthly ETo estimates using an artificial neural network (ANN) integrated with the hybrid particle swarm optimisation–grey wolf optimiser algorithm (PSOGWO). Several state-of-the-art algorithms, including constriction coefficient-based particle swarm optimisation and chaotic gravitational search algorithms (CPSOCGSA), the slime mould algorithm (SMA), the marine predators algorithm (MPA) and the modified PSO algorithm were used to evaluate PSOGWO’s prediction accuracy. Monthly meteorological data were collected in Al-Kut City (1990 to 2020) and used for model training, testing and validation. The results indicate that pre-processing techniques can improve raw data quality and may also suggest the best predictors scenario. That said, all models can be considered efficient with acceptable simulation levels. However, the PSOGWO-ANN model slightly outperformed the other techniques based on several statistical tests (e.g., a coefficient of determination of 0.99). The findings can contribute to better management of water resources in Al-Kut City, an agricultural region that produces wheat in Iraq and is under the stress of climate change.

The Impact of Renal Function on Liver Cirrhosis among Patients in Wasit Governorate, Iraq

In Al-Kut city's AL-Zahraa general hospital, this study was carried out.for individuals with liver cirrhosis to evaluate their serum levels of ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, urea, creatinine, T.Protien, Albumin, and Bilirubin. The 50 patients ranged in age from 20 to 60, with 29 male and 21 female individuals.Based on the patient's medical history and physical examination, liver cirrhosis was determined to affect both sexes of the patient. The 30 control groups were drawn from the medical personnel and family of those who did not exhibit any indications or symptoms of renal liver disease or kidney diseases. With ages ranging from 22 to 66, there were 20 men and 10 women. Eight to fourteen hours following the patients' overnight fasts, blood samples were obtained. The research reveals the following. Serum ALT, AST and GGT concentrations in liver cirrhosis patients were found to be significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.01).Serum Bilirubin (Total) and direct Bilirubin concentrations in liver cirrhosis patients were found to be significantly high compared with control group (P<0.5), (P<0.01) respectively. Serum Albumin concentrations in liver cirrhosis patients were found to be no significantly lower compared with control group (P>0.5). Serum Total protein concentrations in liver cirrhosis patients were found to be no significantly lower compared with control group (P≤0.5).Serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations in liver cirrhosis patients were found to be significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.01).Serum urea, creatinine, Uric acid and ammonia level concentrations in liver cirrhosis patients were found to be significantly high compared with control group (P<0.01).

Ecological study of some physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics of Tigris River water in Wasit province, Iraq

This study was performed in the Tigris River water as it passed through Wasit province at the rate of five stations extending along the river, (Al-Sowarah, Al-Nu'maniyah, Al-Kut before Al-Kut Dam, after leaving Al-Kut city and Sheikh Saad), to evaluate the environmental quality of Tigris River water. Samples were collecting monthly, two samples were taken each month, and for a period of one complete year starting from the January 2016 - December 2016. The study included measuring some of the Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological Factors. The results of this study showed significant monthly changes in the values of all studied factors. The parameters values of current study showed that the water temperature values ranged from 9-29 °C and the values of turbidity ranged between 8-55 NTU, electrical conductivity ranged between 749-1352 μs/cm with Salinity 0.479-0.865 ppt, total dissolved solid 499 – 960 mg/l, total suspended solid values ranging from 12-190 mg/l. It was found that the water of the Tigris River is slightly alkalinity, with pH ranged between 7-8.1. The monthly concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged from 6.2 - 12 mg / l, BOD ranged between 0.8 - 6.4 mg / l, total alkalinity ranged between 120-230 mg CaCO3/l, total hardness ranged between 284-520 mg/L, while the concentrations of calcium and magnesium were 71-189, 36-97.4 mg/l respectively, chlorides values varied from 90-151 mg/l, the sulphate values ranged between 185- 410 mg/l. Nitrate values varied from 0.6 -6.7 mg/l and the phosphate values ranged between 0.08-1 mg/l. Tigris River can be considered adequate for civilian uses according to WHO and Iraqi Quality Assurance System after adequate treatment in filtration and sterilization stations.

Hybridisation of artificial neural network with particle swarm optimisation for water level prediction

Accurate water level (WL) prediction is essential for the efficient management of various water resource projects. The creation of a reliable model for WL forecasting is still a difficult task in water resource management. This study applies an artificial neural network (ANN) integrated with the particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO-ANN) for simulating monthly WL of the Tigris River in Alkut City, Iraq. Data pre-treatment methods are utilised for improving raw data quality and detect the optimal predictors. Monthly WL and climatic variables from 2011 to 2020, were used to construct and validate the proposed technique. The results showed that singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is a high-performance technique for denoising time series. The PSO-ANN model produces good results coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.85.

Medical waste management in Al-Kut City

This research investigates solid waste management in Al-Kut City. It included the collection of medical and general solid waste generated in five hospitals different in their specialization and capacity through one week, starting from 03/02/2012. Samples were collected and analyzed periodically to find their generation rate, composition, and physical properties. Analysis results indicated that generation rate ranged between (1102 – 212) kg / bed / day, moisture content and density were (19.0 % - 197 kg/ m3) respectively for medical waste and (41%-255 kg/ m3) respectively for general waste. Theoretically, medical solid waste generated in Al-Kut City (like any other city), affected by capacity, number of patients in a day, and hospital specialty The research exposed the incorrect ways used in collecting, storing, waste transport, and inefficient incinerators processing .Laboratory test for six ash collected samples indicated high concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr) , having the rang of (51.0 – 62.0) mg / l of lead, (3.0 – 8.5) mg / l for cadmium, and (43.0 -69.0) mg / l for chrome. In comparison with the US Environmental Protection Agency standards, these samples are higher than the recommended levels that may threat groundwater. A comprehensive and integrated solution there must be to manage medical waste, with the participation of all parties concerned, especially, the Ministry of Health, environment authorities concerned, and the participation of civil society organizations. A color-code trash bags and containers are recommended by the World Health Organization and the Environmental Protection Agency to be used in hospitals that propose red bags for collecting medical waste while black bags for general waste provided that they are resistant to tearing seeping and should be provided in sufficient numbers.

Assessment of Groundwater Flow for the Western Side of Al-Kut City, Southern Iraq

Groundwater is the quantity of water captured in voids of the saturated zone of the Earth's crust, it transports and stores in pores of fractures existed in the joints of hard or sedimentary rocks. The study area is located on the western side of the city of Kut between Tigris and Al-Gharraf rivers, so the groundwater levels in the area are high. The GMS program was used to model the movement of groundwater in the Study area, Groundwater levels were measured daily for six months, from 26 December2021 to 30 June 2022, in five piezometric wells to a depth of 8.5 meters on the western edge of the Kut City. the model of groundwater movement was made in the Study area There was an agreement between measured data and data obtained from the model, where the average of the lowest value of the daily levels was 17.9 and the highest value of 18.88, and the values of the grades obtained when calibrating the model in the steady state ranged between 15.2- 18.8. After altering the hydraulic conductivity to a negative value, the model's sensitivity analysis was run. The hydraulic conductivity values that give acceptable results are close to their values in the model, where the lowest value is 0.0134 and the highest value is 0.0136 and the hydraulic conductivity values in the model are equal to 0.0135. Through the modflow program, the values of Tigris and Al-Gharraf river flood levels were entered for the western side of Kut city, where Tigris river flood level reached 18.40, and Al- Gharraf river flood level reached 18.20. The modeling that was conducted to the area helped know the distribution of groundwater in the area and the extent of the hydraulic conductivity of the area, the aquifer, and the flow to/from the aquifer.

Role of the autoantibodies and IL- 17 cytokine in the pathogenesis diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a complex multifactorial and heterogeneous syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion and/or insulin action. T lymphocytes and macrophages appear to play an important role in mediating ß-cell damage and causing Type 1 diabetes. A case-control study is done during the period from Feb., 2011, through the end of Feb. 2012. The study enrolled 90 diabetic patients divided into three groups Type 1, Type2 and LADA (30 patients in each group) who attended in Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Al-Kut city & 25 non diabetic as a control to determine the prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (ICAs& GADAs) and measured IL-17cytokine was measured in diabetic patients and non-diabetic control with no family history of diabetes. Serological tests for GADA & ICA (by using ELISA) have been done for all sera of the study groups. Dual set ELISA technique is used for estimating the cytokine levels in the sera of all study groups. According to the results of this study, Type 1 diabetic patients had higher frequency of GADA 65 autoantibodies compared with other study groups, as eighteen of them (60%) showed GADA positive in comparison to 6.6 % in type 2 DM, 56.7% in LADA and 0% in control group. Furthermore, twenty of type 1 diabetic patients which represent (66.7%) were ICA positive in comparison to 33.33% in type 2 DM, 70% in LADA and 4% in control group. Statistical analysis showed highly significant difference. the IL-17 level has been elevated significantly in the sera of type 1 (927.9±906.9 pg./ml), type 2 (599.5±75.66 pg./ml) and LADA (388.2±533.5 pg./ml) diabetics patient’s positive autoantibodies in comparison with other groups type 1, type 2 and LADA diabetics patients negative autoantibodies and healthy control(62± 37.26 pg./ml).

Numerical Study of Improving Solar Chimney Performance by using Energy Storage

In this study, a simulation for two story building associated with a vertical solar chimney was made by using ANSYS 2022/R1. The study conducted under the climatic conditions of Al-kut city/ Iraq on 5/8/2016. The study involved a comparison between the ventilation performance of SC before and after adding Energy Storage. Al-dura, RT-42, and block-shaped paraffin wax were the three types of PCM that were studied in order to find the optimum ES. The numerical results showed that the best Paraffin wax was Al-dura depending on the average Air Change per Hour (ACH), average indoor temperature, and the ventilation period after sunset. Comparing with the 1st model (without ES), After adding Al-dura wax, the ACH increased by 18.3 % and 9.95 % for 1st and 2nd floor, respectively. whereas, the indoor temperature was reduced by 1.17 k and 0.68 k on the 1st and 2nd floor, respectively. As for the ventilation period, it was lasted for 5 h after sunset.

Role of the autoantibodies and IL-1 cytokine in the pathogenesis diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a complex multifactorial and heterogeneous syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion and/or insulin action. T lymphocytes and macrophages appear to play an important role in mediating ß-cell damage and causing Type 1 diabetes.A case-control study is done during the period from Feb., 2011, through the end of Feb. 2012. The study enrolled 90 diabetic patients divided into three groups Type 1, Type2 and LADA ( 30 patients in each group) who attended in Al Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Al-Kut city & 25 non diabetic as a control to determine the prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (ICAs& GADAs) and measured (IL-1Α α , IL-4, IL17, TNF α, IFN γ) as well as the frequency of HLA DR was measured in diabetic patients and non-diabetic control with no family history of diabetes. Serological tests for GADA & ICA (by using ELISA) have been done for all sera of the study groups. Dual set ELISA technique is used for estimating the cytokines levels in the sera of all study groups while DNA extracted from whole blood from all study groups and these DNA were used to detected the HLA DR allele by using HISTO SPOT SSO system.According to the results of this study, Type 1 diabetic patients had higher frequency of GADA 65 autoantibodies compared with other study groups, as eighteen of them (60%) showed GADA positive in comparison to 6.6 % in type 2 DM, 56.7% in LADA and 0% in control group. Furthermore, twenty of type 1 diabetic patients which represent (66.7%) were ICA positive in comparison to 33.33% in type 2 DM, 70% in LADA and 4% in control group. Statistical analysis showed highly significant difference.Analysis of the serum sample showed that IL-1 α levels has been elevated significantly in the sera of Type 1(635.8± 685 pg./ml), type 2 (625.5± 55.86 pg./ml) and LADA (383.2± 533.5 pg./ml) diabetics patients positive autoantibodies in comparison with other groups type 1, type 2 and LADA diabetics patients negative autoantibodies and healthy control (60±35.21 pg. /ml)

Seasonal distribution study of mosquito species (Culicidae: Diptera) in Al- Naamania salt Basin north western

The influence of physical and chemical parameters on the abundance and diversity of Mosquito Species were studied in Al- Naamania Salt Basin North Western Al-kut City during a period of seven months (October 2012- April 2013).Three species belong to three genera of Culicidae were identified from a total of (339) larvae: Aedes caspius (Pallas) (66.o7%) was the most abundant during the period of the study,Culex pipiens (Linnaeus) (18.58%) and Culiseta longiareolata (Macquarrt) (10.02%) .During this study, some of Physicochemicals parameters, such as water pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), water temperatur , water salinity (NaCl), Electrical conductivity (EC) were measured. The results from Statistical analysis showed that Aedes caspius has significant positive correlation with EC (P>0.001) and positive correlation but not significant with NaCl, TDS, PH and temperature. Culex pipiens has negative correlation not significant with EC, NaCl, TDS, PH and temperature. Finally Culiseta longiareolata has negative significant correlation with EC, PH (p>0.05) and temperature (p>0.01) also its has negative correlation but not significant with NaCl and TDS. According to principal component analysis (PCA) there are no relationships between the species themselves.

Study of seasonal distribution of chironominae (Chironomidae: Diptera) in Al- Battar river north Al Kut city / Iraq.

The influence of physical and chemical parameters on the abundance and diversity of subfamily Chironominae(Chironomidae: Diptera) in Al-Battar river north Al-kut city was studied over a period of eight months(Septemper 2012- April 2013) . Eight species of Chironominae were identified Chironomus plumosus (Linnaeus) was the most dominant made up 42.5% ,Chironomus sp. 17.8% ,Einfeldia sp. 13.6%, Chironomus riparius Meigen 10.3%,Chironomus staegeri Lundbeck 10.3%, Lauterborniella sp. 2.6% ,Parachironomus sp. 1.4% and Parachironomus hirtalatus(Beck & Beck) 1.1%. The results of this study showed that were significant correlations between the species and several environmental parameters.C. plumosus, C.staegeri, C.riparius and Einfeldia sp. this group showed significantly positive correlation ( p<0.01 and 0.05) with water depth and NH4-N and showed significantly negative correlation( p<0.01 and 0.05) with water turbidity. Also this group showed negative correlation but not significant with water temperature and NO3-N. C.plumosus showed positive correlation but non significantly with (pH, EC,TDS and NaCL) and showed no significant negative correlation with DO. One species Parachironomus sp. showed significant positive correlation with pH, EC, TDS and NaCL and this species recorded only in September. Parachironomus hirtalatus showed significant negative correlation with water depth and NO3-N. Lauterborniella sp. showed significant positive correlation with dissolved oxygen. Also showed positive correlation but non significantly with temperature, NO3-N, NH4-N, EC, TDS and NaCL and negative correlation but non significantly with pH, turbidity and water depth .Chironomus sp. showed positive and negative correlation but non significantly with ecological factors, so showed positive correlation with EC, TDS, NaCL, water depth and temperature. This species showed negative correlation with pH, DO, turbidity, NO3-N and NH4-N.

Artificial Neural Network Models to Predict the Cost and Time of Wastewater Projects

Infrastructure, especially wastewater projects, plays an important role in the life of residential communities. Due to the increasing population growth, there is also a significant increase in residential and commercial facilities. This research aims to develop two models for predicting the cost and time of wastewater projects according to independent variables affecting them. These variables have been determined through a questionnaire distributed to 20 projects under construction in Al-Kut City/ Wasit Governorate/Iraq. The researcher used artificial neural network technology to develop the models. The results showed that the coefficient of correlation R between actual and predicted values were 99.4% and 99 %, MAPE was (26.24%), and (5.5%), and AA was (74%), and (94.5%), for cost and time model, respectively. The researcher concluded that the ANN model has a strong correlation and high accuracy, indicating that these models are characterized by high efficiency and good performance in predicting cost and time.