Al-Hilla City Research Articles

Evaluation of teachers’ knowledge about the early detection for chickenpox diseases at the primary schools in Al-Hilla City

Evaluation of teachers’ knowledge about the early detection for chickenpox diseases at the primary schools in Al-Hilla City

Evaluation of teachers’ knowledge about the early detection for mumps diseases at the primary schools in Al-Hilla City

Evaluation of teachers’ knowledge about the early detection for mumps diseases at the primary schools in Al-Hilla City

Examining the Relationship between Ozone and other Air Pollutants in Al-Hilla City

Air pollution must take more attention because its effects on human health. One of the most important air pollutants is ground-level ozone O3, which plays an important role in air quality and climate change on the earth. Ozone affected by the other air pollutants, so this paper attempt to study the relationship between hourly, daily and monthly ground-level ozone concentration and hourly, daily and monthly air pollutant concentrations and its effect on ground-level ozone concentration. The other air pollutants are: sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides NOx, nitrogen monoxide NO, nitrogen dioxide NO2 and carbon dioxide CO2. The monitoring station is in Babylon University in the south of Al-Hilla city, Iraq for the period 2015-2016. By using statistical analysis, correlation coefficient and some statistics for all air pollutants are computed. Results are: the maximum average ozone concentration is in the summer months June, July and August 39.30 ppb, 45.05 ppb and 36.63 ppb respectively and along the day the peak average ozone concentration is in the afternoon because of high temperature and high solar radiation intensity which is increasing the photochemical activity of ozone. There is no significant correlation between ozone and sulfur dioxide SO2, carbon dioxide CO2 (ρ > 0.05). High significant correlation is appeared between ozone and nitrogen oxides forms (ρ < 0.01). To express the complex relation between ozone and nitrogen oxide forms, proportions such as NO/NO2 and (NOx-NO)/NO is determined which explain the ozone photochemical activity. Ozone concentration decreases with increasing of NO/NO2 and increases with (NOx-NO)/NOx increasing.

Smoking and its correlates among secondary school students in Al-Hilla City 2018

Background: Although the prevalence of smoking has been decreasing in the developed countries in recent years, the less developed countries, such as Iraq, are facing an impact from smoking prevalence rise. Objective: The study objective was to assess the prevalence of smoking and its correlates among secondary school students. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted on the secondary school students 4th, 5th, and 6th for males and females who were indiscriminately selected from 15 secondary schools located in Al-Hilla city\Babylon Province\Iraq during the period from March 7 to April 30, 2018. A questionnaire adapted from global school-based student health survey (2013) was used to collect data. Results: Of 860 students, only 810 responded and completed the questionnaire (response rate 94.2%). The overall prevalence of smoking was 32.0%, and the majority of smokers were male. The dominant type of tobacco smoking in this study appeared to be a hookah in about two-thirds (one-third exclusive hookah smoking and one-third mixed hookah and cigarette smoking), and multiple reasons have been found to impulse the student to smoking and that the friend was the first tobacco source. A significant association has been found between tobacco smoking and gender, age, grade, income, marital status, having alive parents, abuse, early age work, school performance, having a family member with medical diseases, family relationship, and sleeping difficulties (P

Determination of Some Types of Mutations in Iraqi Transfusion Dependent beta-thalassemia Patients

One hundred of beta thalassemia major patient's blood samples were collected in the Center Blood Diseases of Babylon hospital for Children and Maternity in Al-Hilla city. All samples of blood weresubjected to DNA isolation and molecular characterization of three beta-thalassemia mutations {IVS 1–110 (G-A)Fr16 and cod 8\9} using a PCR-ARMS technique. The Resultsshow that IVS1–110 mutation was the most common in the samples of patients as (22%)followed by Fr16 and Cod 8/9 were also detected but of lower percentage (8% and 3%, respectively).

Evaluation of nurses practices to prevent health-care associated infection at critical care units in AL-Hilla City Hospitals

Evaluation of nurses practices to prevent health-care associated infection at critical care units in AL-Hilla City Hospitals

Study the role of Toxoplasma gondii, Cytomegalovirus and anti-phospholipids antibodies in cases of abortion among women in Hilla city

This study was conducted to detect the role of T.gondii and CMV and the possible association between them in cases of abortion. Also the role of auto antibodies against phospholipids (APL) and it's association with the mentioned parasite and virus among women who have consulted the-Children and Maternity Hospital and General Teaching Hospital in AL-Hilla city, during the period from November 2006 to April 2007. Out of 120 samples, 50(41.66%) were positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. While out of 44 sera, 35(79.5%) and 8(18.8%) were positive for anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies respectively. All control samples have been found to be negative for both Toxoplama and CMV. Twenty eight sera from aborted women (Some negative sera and others positive sera for anti-Toxoplasma and/or anti-CMV antibodies) were subtested for detection of anti-phospholipids (aPL) antibody by using ELISA, it was observed that only 3(10.7%) sera were positive.

Depression and Suicide into Adolescence (12–18) years in Rehabilitation Health Center, in AL-Hilla City

Depression and Suicide into Adolescence (12–18) years in Rehabilitation Health Center, in AL-Hilla City

Evaluation The Activities of Health Control Staff and Laboratories Staff for The Control of Cholera Epidemic In Al-Hilla City

Background: Cholera is one of intestinal disease conceded life-threatening can spread rapidly of place to another and cause epidemic, affecting the population. The causative agent of cholera is gram-negative bacterium called Vibrio cholera. In 2015 Iraq was faced an outbreak of cholera .There are many activities for the control of cholera epidemic that provided by health control staff and laboratories staff which included measuring the ratio of chlorine in the water and the health control.Objective: To evaluate the activities of health control staff and laboratories staff for the control of cholera epidemic in Al-Hilla city, and determine the relationship between the activities of staff with demographic variablesMethodology: descriptive study was conducted in primary health care centers of Al-Hilla city, in the period November 4th 2015 to March 10th 2016, the samples (simple random sample) collected at 20 centers for primary health care. The sample were collected through a structured interviewing questionnaire constructed with the staff of health control unit and laboratories through using the Likert scales three-level (always, sometimes, never) according to a national plan to control of cholera epidemic. Reliability of the questionnaire estimated through a pilot study and the validity through (14) experts. The data analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical measures.Result:The findings of the study show that the majority (93.3%) of the health control staff are moderately active toward control of cholera. No significant relationship between the activities of health control staff and their demographic data at (P <0.05) except with their occupation, levels of education, and years of services, the study results indicate that there is a significant relationship. The activities of laboratory staff toward cholera control is moderate. No significant relationship between the activities of laboratory staff and their demographic data at (P <0.05).Conclusion: most the staff of the health control units were men and the laboratories of primary health care centers do not investigate any sample, collect the samples and send it to laboratory of public health, This might delay the emergence of the results.Recommendation: The study recommended increasing the focus on the importance of the activities for control the epidemic of cholera, especially the activities that provided by primary health care centers because it is the first line of defense and the closest to the community and the provision of materials for the investigation of samples in primary health care centers and out the results of the initial then sent it to the laboratory of public health for confirm .and the need to increase female staff work in health control units to deal with women when visiting homes or places for women, such as bathrooms in schools, Institutes and colleges.

Detection of Curlibiogenesis genes among Enterobacter cloacae isolates and their role in biofilm formation in Al-Hilla City, Iraq

In this study, (100) clinical samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). Samples were then subjected for culturing on selective media to isolate Enterobacter cloacae. All clinical samples were positive culture, only (62) samples showed positive cultures, as gram negative bacteria whereas (38) bacterial growth were detected as gram positive bacteria. Among (62)gram negative bacteria, only 12(19.4%) isolates belonged to Enterobacter cloacae, isolates were identified by API20E. Sequencing of hsp60 gene and alignment of (341) base pare confirmed the identity of 8(12.9%) isolates. All DNA samples extracted from bacterial isolates were conducted for polymerase chain reaction to investigate presence of curli genes among isolates. The result revealed that 8(100%) of isolates were positive to Curli-specific Genes D(CsgD)gene, The Curli-specific Genes D (csgD)genes showed a bands of expected size (355) base pare in (8) isolates E. cloacae under study. Six of eight Enterobacter cloacae isolates produced (245) base pare amplification bands of Curli-specific Genes A (csgA)gene (75%). The results display significant positive correlation between biofilm formation and curlifambriae adhesion. Our results conclude the importance of curli fimbriae adhesion in establishment of biofilm and magnitude of biofilm formation in urinary tract infection (UTI)via antibiotics resistance and ascending infections.

Evaluation of Interradicular Cortical Bone Thickness for Orthodontic Miniscrew Implant Placement Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Background: Two factors, safety and stability that clinicians should consider during miniscrew implant placement. Safety is involved to MD distance and stability is involved to bone thickness. No Iraqi studies had been evaluated bone thickness and mesiodistal distance related to mini-implant placement for orthodontic anchorage at age 18 -35 years The aim of study: This study aimed to assess the three dimensional interradicular areas and the cortical bone thickness in Iraqi patients wit h Class I skeletal pattern and to determine the safe and suitable sites for orthodontic miniscrew implant by use the CBCT. Materials and Methods : The sample of the present study include a total of 20 Iraqi arabic patients aged 18-35 years of both sexes (10 males and 10 females) attending the Porceka Center at al Hilla city for CBCT scan for different CBCT diagnostic purposes from the period between November 2014 to May 2015.Measurements were made from the mesial aspect of the first premolar to the mesial aspect of the second molar of mandible, at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm heights from the alveolar bone crest in each interradicular area. Results: In males, the greatest buccal cortical thickness, buccolingual alveolar process width and mesiodistal distance were between the first and second molar at 10-mm height (3.8 ± 0.92 mm, 15.7 ± 1.33 mm and 4.7± 1.01respectively). In females, the greatest buccal cortical thickness, buccolingual alveolar process width and mesiodistal distance were between the first and second molar at 10-mm height (2.7 ± 0.16 mm, 13.8 ± 1.59 mm and 6.1± 0.91respectively). There was statistically significant sex difference in buccal cortical thickness, buccolingual alveolar process width and mesiodistal distance which were larger with males. Conclusion: Cone Beam Computed Tomography is a precise tool for evaluation the interradicular area and buccal cortical bone thickness to select the most suitable position of orthodontic miniscrew insertion.

Impact of Different Degrees of Uterine Prolapse on Sexual Function of Women at Teaching Hospitals in Al-Hilla City


 
 
 
 
 Background: Women sexuality is basic right and it plays a major role in women's Health aspects. Up is one of the factors that lead to sexual dysfunction while the incidence of it is rising as UP severity being more. Objectives: To assess the impact of different degrees of uterine prolapse on sexual function of women at teaching hospitals in AL-Hilla City. Methodology: A descriptive analytical study was conducted from 1ST Feb to 10th Jun /2014 to assess the impact of different degrees of uterine prolapse on sexual function for women who attend to consultant clinic at teaching hospitals in AL-Hilla City. Result: The result show the highest percentage was 46% of the study group were at age group range(35-44)yrs.,62% work as employment ,22% housewives ,40% have second degree of prolapse ,37% have first degree and 23% have third degree there is no symptoms at first degree or simple but it is being more severe when the degree of prolapse increased,58% have no sexual desire,60% have no orgasm ,74% have no exciting,75% have no satisfaction. Recommendations: result finding indicate to necessity for women awareness program at reproductive age about UP and factors that lead to it and its complications which the sexual dysfunction was one of them.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Assessment of Antenatal Care Services among Pregnant Women's in Al-Hilla City

Background: The study examine the knowledge and utilization of antenatal care among the women of reproductive age group in Al-Hilla city. Perspectives of antenatal care services is particularly critical for enhancing effectiveness of services delivery and addressing pregnant women's needs and antenatal care services. Objectives: To assess of antenatal care services in pregnant women's and identify the relationship between level of antenatal care services with demographic data and maternal health history characteristics. Methodology: Descriptive Study is carried out in Al-Hilla City/ primary health care centers, of December, 2nd 2014 to May, 10th, 2015. A non-probability (Purposive Sample) of (220) pregnant women's, those who visited primary health care centers. The data were collected through the utilization of the developed questionnaire after the validity and reliability are estimated, and by means of interview technique. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through a pilot study and the validity through (13) experts. The data analyzed through the use of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures. Results: The findings of the present study indicate that the overall assessment for pregnant women's compliance antenatal care is middle at 73.3%. Conclusions: The study conclude if that the factors (demographic data and maternal health history ) to effect antenatal care compliance. Recommendations: The study recommended the increase number of primary health care centers to reduce the momentum on health centers, which suffers from high population density and concentration to create enough room for the rest of the primary health care centers. Follow the previous model of care for the birth of a new world health organization in maternal and child care services, and that early detection and detection of complications pregnant and that promote maternal health care in our community.

Anxiety and Depression among Couples Attending The Infertility Clinic Center in AL-Hilla

Objective: A descriptive study utilizing a study approach was carried out to assess the level of anxiety and depression for infertile couples in AL-Hilla city, Babylon Governorate- Iraq. Methodology: A purposive (non-probability) sample of (50) infertile couple ((50) infertile wives and the other (50) infertile husbands) was selected from the center of infertility in Babylon Governorate. The data had been carried out in February 17th 2015 to March 22nd 2015. Data were collected through the use of the questionnaire, the application of the interview technique, and review of the infertile couples' records. Data were analyzed through application of descriptive statistics analysis which include; frequency, percentage, mean and the inferential data analysis approach (Pearson correlation coefficient, standard deviation, Chi-square and t-test). Results: The results of the study indicated that a significant differences between males and females with level of anxiety. Conclusion: The study concluded that is a high significant relationship between anxiety and depression. Recommendation: The study recommended that a competent counselor nurse to assist the infertile couples during attending the center and follow them by home visiting to found any solution for their psychosocial problems. Raising awareness among gynecologists about the prevalence of psychiatric and personality disorder among infertile couples and their psychiatrists for proper management.

Evaluation of Treated Water at Three Adjacent Water Treatment Stations in Al-Hilla City, Iraq by Using CCME Water Quality Index

Evaluation of Treated Water at Three Adjacent Water Treatment Stations in Al-Hilla City, Iraq by Using CCME Water Quality Index

Environmental Assessment of Al-Hilla City Wastewater Treatment Plants

Iraq is one of the countries that is suffering from water shortage problems and, for this reason, wastewater treatment plantsbecome a necessity to minimize this problem. In this study, the impact o ...

Application of SimaPro7 on Al-Hilla City Sewerage Network, Iraq

SimaPro is a software package designed to make a valuable contribution for analyzing the environmental impact on products during their whole life cycle. A huge amount of knowledge about the environment is built into the program and database, enabling to analyze a product with a minimum of specialized knowledge. In this study, SimaPro was used to analyze and evaluate the impacts that resulted from sewerage network in Al-Hilla city, Iraq. The results of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) showed that sewerage network had an impact and damage on the environment by 291 points for every cubic meter of collect wastewater. The most potential environmental impacts were global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy, contributing to the sewerage network. The study also showed that most of the effects were as a result of energy consumption in the pumping of wastewater, pipes used and diesel using for network operation.

Assessment of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Risk Factors among Patients with Type 2 DM at Merjan Teaching Hospital, Al-Hilla City

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) has become prevalent medical problem globally and the main consequence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD). Aim of Study: To determine the proportion of MS among patients with type 2 DM and its association with MS risk factors at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Al-Hilla City. Materials and Methods: Ahospital-based cross sectional study design was carried out on (300) diabetic type 2 DM patients at diabetic outpatient clinic in Merjan Teaching Hospital. The study duration was from December 2011to December 2012. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were presented as means with their 95% confidence interval (CI) and standard deviation. The Pearson's chi-square test (x 2 ) was used to determine the associations between categorical variables. Binary Logistic regression was done for multivariate analysis. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results showedthat, out of 300 diabetic patients, the proportion of MS was 226 (75.3%). The overall mean age of patients was 57.26± 7.07 years. (60.0%) patients were male and (45.7%) ofthe patients were from urban area. (60.0%) of patients had abdominal obesity and (61.0%) of patients adapt sedentary life style. (76.7%) of patients had high triglyceride, meanwhile,only (39.7%) had normal HDL. Hypertension was presented in (73.7%) of patients. Metabolic syndrome was statistically significant with male, urban area, abdominal obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high triglyceride and hypertension.Patients with high triglyceride were 71 times more likely to develop MS than patients with normal triglyceride. Conclusion: High proportion of MS among diabetic type 2patients in this study. High triglyceride, urban area and sedentary lifestyle were the strongest predictors of MS.

Foot-Care Activities among Type II Diabetic Patients at Merjan Teaching Hospital, Al-Hilla City

Background: Foot care is one of the most important ways for patients with diabetes type II toavoid complications by proper and functioning foot care. Aim of Study: to assess foot care knowledge among Type II DM patients as well as to find the mean difference of foot care assessment score by patients’ socio-demographic characteristics and medical history in a cross-sectional study at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Al-Hilla City. Materials and Methods: Ahospital-based cross sectional study design was carried out on (200) patients with Type II DM seen between January 2014 and June 2014in Merjan Teaching Hospital.Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were presented as mean with their 95% confidence interval (CI) and standard deviation. Independent sample t-test was used to compare means between two groups. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare among more than two groups. A pvalue of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The results showed that, Out of 200 patients with Type II DM, the overall mean score of foot care assessment was (51.16± 8.32). Mean age of DM patients was (51.82± 11.57) years old. There was no significant mean difference between the age of male (53.07± 12.9) years old and mean age of female (51.33± 11.24) t=0.961, df= 198, p= 0.338. (64.0%) of patients belonged to urban area, meanwhile, (80.0%) of patients were married. (40.0%) of patients completed their primary schools study. (56.0%) were not employed and (46.0%) of patients had enough family income. (85.5%) of patients had family members offered care for them. (52.0%) of patients were severed from the diseases for less than five years, meanwhile, (68.5%) of DM patients did not admitted to emergency room because of elevated blood sugar. (40.0%) of DM patients had pain in their feet and (82.0%) were not smokers.Higher rate was for DM patients who wash their feet. On other hand, higher rate was for DM patients wear sandal.There were significant mean difference of foot care assessment score by marital status, educational level, duration of disease, previous admission to emergency room and foot problem. Conclusion: There was an overall good foot care among DM type II patients in Merjan Teaching Hospital. There was no difference between men and women concerning all foot care activities, meanwhile, single were better than married DM patients about their foot care.

A nation under siege: The 15-year outcome of Iraqi patients with schizophrenia in Babylon, Iraq

Background: An extensive literature addresses factors that influence outcome in patients with schizophrenia. However, the effect of these factors under national crisis remains unclear.Aims: The study explores the outcome of schizophrenia in a 15-year follow up in Iraq.Methods: A total of 298 patients with first-onset schizophrenia from 1985–1987 were recruited from all subjects who had consecutively visited the psychiatric service in Merjan Hospital in Al-Hilla city, Babylon Governorate, Iraq. Of these, 84 were excluded and did not have the research assessment.Results: The 150 males and 64 females had an average age at onset of the disorder of 24.8 years. Forty three subjects were untraceable, and 12 subjects committed suicide, 11 subjects had alcohol dependence, 8 subjects had clear learning disability, 7 subjects had organic brain diseases, and 3 subjects had epilepsy. All of them were excluded in the analysis. The entire sample was of the same ethnic Iraqi origin, mostly unemployed 151 (70.6%) and all subjects were living with their families. More than 47% of subjects at final assessment had good or partial symptomatic and psychosocial outcomes and nearly 53% had a poor outcome. Thirty patients (20%) of the male group showed good prognosis versus 31.3% of the female group. Furthermore, 54.7% of the males were in the poor prognosis group versus 48.7% of the females.Conclusions: Despite Iraq being under siege and exposed to economic sanctions, with very limited resources including the deprivation of atypical antipsychotic medications, its schizophrenia outcome is similar to that in developing countries. The existence of large, supportive families and a strict, committed regimen for active follow-up treatment may be important contributory factors to better outcomes.