Akinyele Local Government Area Research Articles

Evaluation of Wood Properties of <i>C. albidum </i>Tree Grown in Akinyele Local Government Area of Ibadan, Nigeria in Relation to its Utilization

Fruit trees are hardly ever sought for their wood until recently. Fruit trees like C. albidum is now being used for structural and non structural purposes in city suburbs. This study investigated wood properties and few tree characteristics of C. albidum grown in Akinyele Local Government Area (ALGA), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The aim was to mitigate the dearth of information on these features in relation to its utilization. Samples were collected from five emerging settlements in the study area while structured questionnaire and on-the-spot assessment were the instruments employed for data collection during survey stage. Physical appearance, moisture content (MC), green and oven-dry density, specific gravity of oven-dry samples, natural durability against termite, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were determined via experimentation. Samples used for static bending strength were prepared in accordance with ASTM D 143 standard of 1991. The obtainable mean bole length, basal, middle and top girths were 4958mm, 1823mm, 1473mm and 1427mm respectively and the tree is moderately buttressed. The wood is brownish-white, crossed grain, coarse textured and fairly resistant to termite attack. Averagely on wet basis, MC and density are 52.46 %, 949 kg/m3 respectively and dry density is 739 kg/m3. Also MOR and MOE are respectively 1964N/mm2 and 1163.60N/mm2. The wood density compares with that of few commercially known tree species in N7-strength group thus preferred for non-structural than structural use especially when high bending stress is required.

Influence of academic procrastination and personality types on academic achievement and efficacy of in-school adolescents in Ibadan

The study examined the influence of academic procrastination and personality types on the academic achievement and efficacy of In-school adolescents in Ibadan, Oyo state. Two hundred participants were randomly selected from four schools in Akinyele Local Government area of Oyo state. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine the relationship among the variables as well as the joint and relative contributions of the independent variables to the prediction of the dependent variables. The results showed positive relationship between extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and academic achievement of the students. Extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were also found to correlate with the efficacy of in-school adolescents. A joint contribution of the independent variables on the dependent variables was recorded for this study. This study, also conclusively found that conscientiousness, openness, extroversion and agreeableness contributed relatively to the prediction of academic achievement and efficacy of the in- school adolescents. Implications for adolescent counseling are discussed in the study.

The Impact of Communication on Community Development

This research work examined the impact of communication on community development. It examined why effective communication is needed for rural community development to be sustained. The study made use of descriptive survey research. The population consisted of both men and women in the rural community of Akinyele local government area of Oyo State. A sample of 133 men and women were used for the study. Data collected were subjected to percentage analysis. The study revealed that effective communication would lead to active participation of members in community development. It was also revealed that when community groups are closely involved in communication strategy, it helps them take ownership of the initiative of development rather than seeing themselves as beneficiaries of development. Based on the findings, it was recommended that community leaders as well as community development agents should engage in clear communication so as to enlist the participation of community members in development issues.

Experience of intimate partner violence among rural and urban women in Oyo State, Nigeria

BackgroundIntimate Partner Violence is an important public health problem in Nigeria. Previous studies on IPV have focused mainly on physical violence providing little information on the prevalence of the other...

Assessment of women's risk factors for breast cancer and predictors of the practice of breast examination in two rural areas near Ibadan, Nigeria

Objective: In Nigeria, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in majority of the regions. Late presentation has also been reported for about four decades. This study assessed the women's risk factors for breast cancer and predictive factors for the practice of breast examinations. The findings will be of help in enhancing early detection of the disease and reducing mortality from the disease. Methods: Utilizing a multi-stage sampling method, 420 women were selected at Akinyele Local government area of Ibadan. Data was collected with questionnaire. The risk factor was evaluated using the breast cancer risk assessment tool based on the Gail model. Six demographic factors, plus four covariates: knowledge of BSE/CBE, knowledge of the cause of, symptoms and signs of and treatment of breast cancer, were regressed against two dependent variables of practice of BSE and CBE using linear regression and binary logistic analyses respectively. Results: Only 386 questionnaires properly filled were analyzed. The mean age of respondents was 37.3 (SD = 13.1) years. They were of low educational status and were mostly traders and married. Only 190 of the women fulfilled the criteria for assessment with the Gail model. Most of the women, 180 (94.7%), had five years and 184 (96.8%) had lifetime risks lower than that of the average woman of the same age. Four significant predictors of BSE were marital status ( p = 0.004), educational status ( p = 0.018), knowledge of treatment of breast cancer ( p = 0.029) and knowledge of BSE/CBE ( p = 0.0001) while no formal education status and being a farmer were the only significant predictors of CBE. Conclusions: The findings are useful for planning interventional studies to enhance early detection in a low resource country.

Distribution Pattern of Lens Opacity Among A Rural Population in South Western Nigeria

To determine prevalence of the morphological types of age-related lens opacity in Southwestern Nigeria as part of need assessment survey towards planning an eye health care service. Multistage cluster sampling was used in selecting a representative cross-sectional sample of persons 50 years of age or older among the residents of the rural wards in Akinyele Local Government Area in southwestern Nigeria. Lens opacity was graded using the World Health Organization cataract grading system. One thousand two-hundred persons were recruited for the survey and 1031 (85.9%) had grading of lens opacity. The mean age of the participants was 64.9 years and 51.1% were male. Five hundred and ninety persons had definite lens opacity (crude prevalence rate 57.2%; 95% Confidence interval [CI] 54.1-60.3) (standardized prevalence 47.0%; 95% confidence interval 46.7-47.3). The prevalence for participants aged 70 years and above (82.5%; 95% CI 78.2-86.3) was three times more than for participants aged 50-59 years (29.2%; 95% CI 24.2-34.6). Nuclear opacity was the most prevalent type of lens opacity (20.9%; 95% CI 18.4-23.5). Sixty percent of the grade 3 lens opacity was found among participants aged 70 years and above. This is the first population-based survey on prevalence of lens opacity subtype in this West Africa subregion. The prevalence of lens opacity in the rural Akinyele local government is high. Nuclear sclerosis was the most prevalent form among this rural population.

Distribution Pattern of Lens Opacity Among A Rural Population in South Western Nigeria

Purpose: To determine prevalence of the morphological types of age-related lens opacity in Southwestern Nigeria as part of need assessment survey towards planning an eye health care service. Method: Multistage cluster sampling was used in selecting a representative cross—sectional sample of persons 50 years of age or older among the residents of the rural wards in Akinyele Local Government Area in southwestern Nigeria. Lens opacity was graded using the World Health Organization cataract grading system. Results: One thousand two-hundred persons were recruited for the survey and 1031 (85.9%) had grading of lens opacity. The mean age of the participants was 64.9 years and 51.1% were male. Five hundred and ninety persons had definite lens opacity (crude prevalence rate 57.2%; 95% Confidence interval [CI] 54.1–60.3) (standardized prevalence 47.0%; 95% confidence interval 46.7–47.3). The prevalence for participants aged 70 years and above (82.5%; 95% CI 78.2–86.3) was three times more than for participants aged 50–59 years (29.2%; 95% CI 24.2–34.6). Nuclear opacity was the most prevalent type of lens opacity (20.9%; 95% CI 18.4–23.5). Sixty percent of the grade 3 lens opacity was found among participants aged 70 years and above. Conclusion: This is the first population-based survey on prevalence of lens opacity subtype in this West Africa subregion. The prevalence of lens opacity in the rural Akinyele local government is high. Nuclear sclerosis was the most prevalent form among this rural population.

Knowledge of breast cancer and its early detection measures among rural women in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria

BackgroundBreast cancer is the commonest cancer among women in Nigeria and globally. In Nigeria, late presentations of breast cancer cases have also been consistent for three decades. In an environment where there is no established national screening program for breast cancer, it is pertinent to assess the knowledge of breast cancer and its early detection measures. The objective of this study therefore, was to assess rural women's level of knowledge of breast cancer and its early detection measures.MethodsThe knowledge of various aspects of breast cancer; etiology, early warning signs, treatment modes and early detection measures; was assessed among women in two randomly selected health districts in Akinyele Local Government in Ibadan. The assessment was performed with the use of a self-structured validated questionnaire administered by trained interviewers to 420 women randomly selected from the two health districts. The various aspects of facts about breast cancer were scored and added together to determine respondents' level of knowledgeResultsThe mean score of knowledge of breast cancer was 55.4 SD 5.4 (range of scores obtainable was 26–78), while the mean score for knowledge of early detection of breast cancer was 24.8 SD 2.3 (range of scores obtainable was 12–36). The leading source of information about breast cancer was "elders, neighbors and friends" and 63(15.4%) acknowledged this source, while only 18 (4.4%) respondents acknowledged health workers as source. Only 54 (13.3%) claimed to have heard about breast self- examination (BSE) however, and the leading source of information about BSE were health workers. Nine (2.2%) of respondents claimed this source.ConclusionThis study revealed that respondents lacked knowledge of vital issues about breast cancer and early detection measures. It also revealed that health workers were not forthcoming with information to the public thereby constituting a challenge to community health nurses and other health workers, to provide vital information to the public.

Effects of simulation game and cognitive style on students' achievement in integrated science

The study determined the effects of simulation game-assisted instruction and cognitive style on students' achievement in Integrated Science. It adopted a 2 x 2 non-randomized pre test, post test, control group quasi-experimental design in which the treatment, at two levels (simulation game-assisted instruction, teacher instruction only) was crossed with cognitive style at two levels (analytical, non-analytical).The subjects were 305 Junior secondary III students selected from three co-educational schools in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Three valid and reliable instruments were used for data collection: Integrated Science Achievement Test (ISAT), Cognitive Style Test (CST) and Operational Guide for Instruction (OGI). The study, which lasted for six weeks, involved exposing the students in the experimental group to three types of simulation games (water pollution game, chemical symbol, equation and formulae), while those in the control were not exposed to any game, but were rather taught in the conventional way. Data analysis involved the use of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and scheffe multiple range test as post hoc measures. The results showed a significant main effect of cognitive style (F (1,300)=23.545;p ) on achievement in Integrated science. The results revealed that analytical students achieved higher than their non-analytical counterparts. There was no significant main effect of treatment (F (1,300)=2.090;p>0.05 ) on Integrated science achievement. There were also significant interaction effect of treatment and cognitive style (F (1,300)=12.704;p ) on Integrated science achievement. The implications of these findings for curriculum planning, teacher training and in-service programmes, development of curriculum materials and classroom practice were discussed. African Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Sport Facilitation Vol. 6 2004: 68-76

Attitude of Rural Dwellers to HIV/AIDS Prevention Promotion Programmes in Oyo State, Nigeria

This study focused on the attitude of rural dwellers to HIV/AIDS prevention promotion programmes in Akinyele Local Government and Saki East Local Government Area of Oyo State. One hundred and eighty rural dwellers were purposively selected because they claimed to have participated in HIV/AIDS prevention promotion programmes. Variables considered include personal characteristics such as gender age marital status religion and educational attainment level of awareness on HIV/AIDS knowledge of rural dwellers on route of transmission prevention and symptoms of HIV/AIDS and attitude of rural dwellers to HIV/AIDS prevention promotion programmes was investigated. Structured interview scheduled was used to gather information from the rural dwellers. Analysis of data was achieved using frequency counts percentages and hypothesis of the study was tested using t-test. Findings from this study showed that majority 83.3% and 86.6% in Akinyele and Saki East Local Government areas respectively were males while only 16.7% and 11.4% respectively were females. 73.3% of the rural dwellers were 50 years and above in age. 89.4% were married 4.4% were single 2.2% were separated and divorced. Only 1.7% were Christians in Akinyele while majority practice the Islamic religion in Saki East Local Government. 72.2% had primary education in Akinyele while majority had no-formal education in Saki East Local Government area. Awareness level about HIV/AIDS is high among the rural dwellers. Also the route of transmission and methods of HIV/AIDS prevention was generally high but low on symptoms of the disease. The rural dwellers had positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS prevention promotion programmes. The test of hypothesis revealed that there was significant variation in the attitude of the rural dwellers in the two local governments considered for the study (Akinyele F = 0.421 df = 178 and Saki East df = 171.09). Efforts to sustain the positive attitude of the rural dwellers include continued adoption of multimedia approach in HIV/AIDS prevention enlightenment campaigns. (authors)

Epidemiological Mapping Of Lymphatic Filariasis In Southern Nigeria Preliminary Survey Of Akinyele Local Government Area

Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti is major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries including Nigeria. The real burden of the disease in most endemic regions remains unknown. The nocturnal periodicity of the parasites requires parasitological examination to be done at night and this is quite cumbersome. The World Health Organization recently recommended two rapid methods for the assessment of lymphatic filariasis (RAGFIL). These RAGFILS methods i.e. using community health workers and key informants were used to rapidly map lymphatic filariasis in Akinyele Local Government area of Oyo State Nigeria. The prevalence of hydrocele and elephantiasis was highly sensitive in identifying this community as endemic for filariasis. The degree of association between finding by health workers and information obtained form the community key informants was high for the two major clinical manifestation of the disease used. Community key informants and health workers did provide useful information on the prevalence of clinical filariasis. These observations suggest that the mean number of cases obtained in the village through key informants and the examination of health workers for the clinical signs of the disease may be considered at an initial level to identify endemic areas. The need to extend this method to rapidly map lymphatic filariasis in Nigeria is discussed. Key words: Lymphatic, Filariasis, Rapid, Mapping, Assessment and Health workers. Afr. J. Clin. Exper. Microbiol. 2004; 5 (3): 231-234

Comparison of knowledge on diarrheal disease management between two types of community-based distributors in Oyo State, Nigeria

Community-based distributors (CBDs) have been trained and utilized to promote a variety of health commodities. In addition, a variety of different types of community residents have been trained ranging from traditional birth attendants (TBAs) to patent medicine vendors. A training programme for CBD agents in the Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria, provided the opportunity to compare the knowledge of two different types of CBD agents, TBAs and volunteer village health workers (VHWs). Although VHWs were younger and better educated than the TBAs, the two groups had similar levels of knowledge about diarrhea recognition, cause and prevention. It was common for the respondents to confuse diarrhea and dehydration in their answers about signs (recognition) and prevention, showing that at least they had some perception that the two conditions were connected. Overall knowledge results showed some gaps that may likely be a natural result of knowledge decay. The major lesson learned is that the type of CBD agent may not be as important as the fact that they receive follow-up after they have been trained.

Elitist Status and Perceived Radio Message Utility among Fulani Herdsmen in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

Fulani herdsmen are greatly reputed as unrepentant users of radio, yet, empirical data on their perception of radio message utility seems scarce. Further, elitist status bears significance for individual’s perception, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in any social group. Hence, this study was designed to examine elitist status and perceived radio message utility among Fulani herdsmen in Akinyele local government area (LGA) of Oyo State. The Yorùbá version of 202 copies of a structured questionnaire was administered through structured interview among randomly selected respondents. An 11-item scale was used to measure perceived radio message utility. One wayANOVA and Spearman’s r were used to analyze data. Results show that perceived radio message utility wasvery low (mean =5.38±3.19; min. =1, max. =19). Elitist status and perceived radio message utilitywere positively and significantly related (Spearman’s r = .523;p= 0.000). Age was significantly and inversely related with perceived utility (p < 0.05) but marital status and education were not (p > 0.05). The radio is yet to be optimally tailored towards meeting the needs of Fulani herdsmen, a group that is probably the most ardent listener of radio in the Nigerian society.Key words: Radio, Fulani herdsmen, Elitist status, Utility.