Akinyele Local Government Area Research Articles

Psychocognitive Determinants of Hypertension Prevention Practices among Women in Southwestern Nigeria

Hypertension is an important risk factor for the development of numerous cardiovascular diseases. The prevention of hypertension is vital in the reduction of cardiovascular disease mortality and associated morbidities. Numerous studies have focused in the prevalence of hypertension and the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria. However, this study investigated the knowledge of women in hypertension, perceived severity of hypertension and barriers towards engaging in hypertension prevention practices so as to establish key areas to focus public health promotion activities. This study was a cross sectional quantitative research carried out to investigate the pyschocognitive determinants of hypertension prevention practices among women residing in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo state in Southwest Nigeria. A total of 370 consenting women were recruited into the study using a multi-stage sampling technique and data was collected using the aid of an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Majority of study participants (74.9%) demonstrated fair knowledge of risk factors for hypertension while many participants (65.4%) had good knowledge of prevention practices for hypertension, with an overall mean knowledge score of 12.39±2.37 on a 24-point scale. Many participants (59.2%) had positive perception of severity of hypertension with a mean perception score of 23.80±2.814 on a 27-point scale. The most reported barrier towards engaging in hypertension prevention practices among participants was financial constraint in maintaining healthy eating habits. Furthermore, there is a significant association between participants’ level of education and their knowledge of hypertension. There is also a significant association between barriers towards hypertension prevention such as lack of awareness from media sources, financial constraint and knowledge of hypertension. The knowledge of hypertension among women in Akinyele Local Government Area ........

The Impact of Religion and Culture on Political Corruption in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State: A Case Study of 2015 General Elections

This study examines the impact of religion and culture on political corruption in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State in reference to 2015 general elections. Many local governments in Nigeria lack many developments, social amenities, health facilities, rural development and power supply due to the syndrome of corruption and autonomy independence to control their resources without the state interference due to that scenario, lack of accountability, lack of credible leadership, instability of political and socioeconomic development as take place. Culture and religion as influenced voting patterns of the electorate during the 2015 Presidential general elections. The impacts of corruption on the politics of the country include the crisis of legitimacy, lack of party ideology, weak political institutions; economic underdevelopment and political violence and the role of “Godfatherism” as initiated electoral corruption. Some power brokers with sufficient financial muscles sponsored their anointed godsons for political offices in return for lucrative contracts and spoils of the public treasury looting. They sponsored thugs, bribed the electoral stakeholders, and influenced voters through vote buying and all sorts of electoral manipulation to ensure that their candidates scale through and control power at all levels. The questionnaire and the structured questions formulated by the researchers were given to project supervisor, who criticized and that the instruments are validated, for they were seen measuring what were expected to measure. Findings revealed that a total number of 30 respondents represented (22.3%) candidate’s choice, 27 respondents represented (20.1%) election campaign, 23 respondents represented (17.1%) family background, while 54 respondents represented (40.2%) religious belief. This implies that majority of the respondents in this study agreed that religious belief is the means by which religion and culture influenced the voting pattern of Akinyele Local Government Area in the 2015 general elections. The study recommends that all candidates contesting for any political office must declare their assets publicly to avoid cases of corruption.

Distribution of Intraocular Pressure in Indigenous Black Africans and Related Risk Factors: A Population-Based Study in Southwest Nigeria

Background: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucoma and is presently the only modifiable risk factor. Even in a healthy population, IOP distribution varies among different racial groups. Objective: To determine the distribution of IOP and factors affecting it, among an indigenous African population in Southwest Nigeria. Methods: A population-based descriptive cross-sectional survey with an analytical component was performed. The study was conducted among participants 16 years and older who were residents of Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State and were all black Africans. A multi-stage sampling with probability proportional to size was used to identify the study population. All participants were examined at the local health center in their community, assessing the visual acuity, Goldmann applanation tonometry, central corneal thickness, anterior segment, fundoscopy, weight, height, and blood pressure. Results: A total of 1810 respondents completed the study; male patients accounted for 41.55%. Mean age was 49.43 ± 15.57 years. The mean IOP was 15.91 ± 4.74 mmHg. There was a significant association between elevated IOP and the male gender. Intraocular pressure also had a significant positive correlation with increasing age, systolic blood pressure, and central cornea thickness. There was no significant relationship between IOP and self-reported diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The mean IOP and distribution in this study were a bit different from that observed in studies in different geographical locations but similar to studies in West Africa. It may be advisable to employ a geographical approach to normal IOP interpretation.

Effect of Social Media On the Reading Culture of Selected Private Secondary School Students in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Effect of Social Media On the Reading Culture of Selected Private Secondary School Students in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria

Concentration and Ecological Risk Assessments of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils around Lapite Dump Site, Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria

The contamination and ecological risk posed by Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) on soils around Lapite dumpsite and its environs were assessed using different analytical techniques after complete digestion of the soil using mixed acids. Results showed that the mean concentration of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) (153.2mg/kg, 13.83mg/kg, 137.2mg/kg and respectively) have higher concentrations than their crustal abundance (CA). The enrichment factor analysis revealed that most of the soils collected have been enriched with Pb showing the most enrichment at the upper and middle slopes while Cd is the most enriched at the downslope. The contamination factor showed that Cr, Pb and Cd are also the elements showing significant contamination with Cr and Pb moderately contaminating soil (1.54 and 1.62 respectively) and Cd showing very high contamination in the soil (17.3). The ecological risk indices revealed that only Cd has high risk of polluting the soils (519) of the study area while the whole area is considered to be at a high risk of various degrees of pollution (534). Considering the health implications of these concerned elements (Cr, Pb and especially Cd) to the body, the habitants of the study area are advised to move away from these dumpsite and also relocate their farmlands to more environmental friendly sites.

Knowledge of Noncommunicable Diseases and Social Media among Secondary School Teachers in Akinyele Local Government Area Oyo State Nigeria

Abstract Background: Social media (SM) are now widely available and can potentially play an important role in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The school environment is a key location for educating children about NCDs and the teachers’ level of knowledge may have an impact on them. This study investigated the knowledge of NCDs and SM among secondary school teachers. Materials and Methods: Using a self-administered questionnaire, data were collected from 423 randomly selected male and female secondary school teachers teaching in both public and private secondary schools located in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, in May 2018. Knowledge of SM was measured on a 10-point scale (scores 0–3, 4–6, and 7–10 were rated as poor, fair, and good, respectively), while knowledge of NCDs was measured on a 28-point scale (scores 0–8, 9–18, and 19–28 were rated as poor, fair, and good, respectively). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression tests at a 5% level of significance. Results: Findings showed that the mean age of respondents was 33.5 ± 0.5 and 52.5% were female. About half (51.5%) of the respondents had good knowledge of SM. Less than half (28.1%) had good knowledge of NCDs. Knowledge of SM was significantly associated with age (P < 0.001), while knowledge of NCDs had no significant association. Conclusion: Based on these results, a gap exists regarding teachers’ knowledge of NCDs. Health professionals may contribute to teacher training curriculum development to include health education targeted toward NCD prevention.

Bioaccumulation and Potential Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Two Varieties of Edible Vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Celosia argentea) around Lapite Dump Site, Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the bioaccumulation and potential risk assessments of heavy metals in two varieties of edible vegetables (Amaranthus hybridus and Celosia argentea) around Lapite Dump Site of Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria using different standard analytical techniques. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals showed that Pb, Cd and Mn (3.05mg/kg, 0.67mg/kg, and 129.61mg/kg) are the metals with means higher than their respective permissible values (PL) for humans (0.3mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg, and 6.64mg/kg respectively). These three heavy metals are also the metals with the most significant contamination and pollution factor according to the calculated contamination factor and geo-accumulation index. The bioaccumulation factors showed that Mn and Zn are the heavy metals accumulated most in the plants with the leaves having high content of these metals more than the stems. Pollution load index calculated revealed that the dumpsite area has been deteriorated (PLI > 1) making activities around the area (including agriculture) and the habitants at high risk of health hazards. Consequently, planting and other human activities in this area should be discouraged while appropriate authorities should get involved in impact assessment of the environment to relocate the farms and habitants of the area to a more suitable and environmental friendly area.

Perception and Uptake of HIV/AIDS Voluntary Counselling and Testing Among Women in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan.

Introduction: At the end of 2020, there were reportedly 37.7 million HIV-positive individuals. HIV testing has been marketed as a crucial first step method to diagnose, treat, and prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is the cornerstone of all HIV prevention initiatives. The study's main aim was to ascertain the degree of HIV and HIV VCT (voluntary counselling and testing) awareness among women in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, as well as their attitudes towards HIV VCT and the rate at which they adopted the treatment. Method: This study employed a descriptive study design aimed at assessing the perception and uptake of HIV VCT among women residing in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo state. The total population of the women was 410. The sample size was determined using the Taro Yamane formula and the sample size was 220 women which was allocated proportionally to each primary health care center. The research instrument used for the study is a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The results showed that more than 75% of respondents had good understanding of HIV and HIV VCT, and that 65% had positive perceptions of HIV VCT. The study found that there is no significant association between women's level of education and their level of knowledge on HIV and HIV VCT and conclude that there is no significant association between women's perception of HIV and HIV VCT and HIV VCT uptake. Conclusion: In conclusion, the result revealed like other related studies that the attitude of women in Akinyele local government towards HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing is just a little above average which means quite a number of the respondents are still not willing to take HIV VCT. Hence, the women need more sensitization on the importance and benefits of HIV VCT.

Assessment of activities of realtors on land use for agricultural purposes in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Land is the most essential factor of agricultural production, its importance cannot be overemphasized in cultivation of crops, rearing of animals, forestry and agro-processing. Availability of land is the most indispensable factor of agricultural production. This study investigated the effect of the activities of Realtors on land use for agricultural purposes in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State. The study described the socio-economic characteristic of the respondents, identified the factors determining land procured by Realtors, examined the effects of the activities of Realtors on land used for agricultural purposes, identified the factors affecting land used for agricultural purposes, and assessed the severity of various challenges affecting land used for agricultural purposes. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 75 Respondents and data for the study were collected with the use of a well-structured interview schedule. Twenty-five percentage (25%) of the twelve agricultural blocks in the local government area were selected for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as (frequency count, Weighted Mean Score) and inferential (Chi-Square) statistical tool to test the hypothesis of the study. Majority (81.3%) of the respondent were male, the respondent are moderately educated. Land ownership is mostly through inheritance. Size of available land (98.7%) and the location (84.0%) are the major factors determining land procured by Realtors, disruption of the ecosystem, reduced land for agricultural production, dislocation of farmland and animal pens are the major effects of activities of Realtors. The study established a significant relationship between sex (X2 = 29.453, p ≤ 0.000), marital status (X2 = 77.267, p ≤ 0.000), Religion (X2 = 29.360, p ≤ 0.000), Level of Education (X2 = 18.920, p ≤ 0.000), land Acquisition Pattern (X2 = 21.267, p ≤ 0.000) of the Respondents and availability of land for agricultural purposes. The study recommended a strict adherence to town-planning master plan and sanctions for offenders and those involved in land grabbing. It also advocates, establishment of farm village and agricultural hubs where to involved in agricultural productions could enjoy comparative advantage and pull of resources for agricultural production.

Determinants of Demand for Health Care Services by Rural Households

The study looked into the factors that influence rural families in the Akinyele Local Government's need for health care services. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were employed to collect certain important and pertinent data. Regression analysis, percentages, and frequency distribution statistics are some of the techniques employed. This frequency and the percentage allow us to understand how the respondents feel about the queries posed and answers provided. The regression analysis was utilized to determine the variables' sign and size as well as their significance. The regression analysis shows that price of healthcare service, the cost of drug, educational qualification and the distance to health centres are statistically significant in determining the demand for health care services among the people in Akinyele local government area while income, age and gender are statistically insignificant. As price of healthcare services, cost of drugs and distance to health centres are significant at 5% level of significance, education qualification is significant at 10% level of significance.

Students’ Attitude To Reading Of Literary Texts: A Case Study Of Akinyele Local Government Area Of Oyo State, Nigeria

This study investigates the attitudes of secondary school students towards reading literary texts in the Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State. The survey research design was used, and four public secondary schools were randomly selected. A total of 200 SSII students who were studying literature in English were randomly selected from these schools. The research instrument used was the Students' Attitude to Reading of Literary Texts Questionnaire (r=.79). Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentage scores, mean, and standard deviation, and inferential statistics such as t-test at the 0.05 level of significance were used to analyze the data. The study found that the students had a weighted mean of 2.74, which was greater than the threshold. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between male and female students in their attitudes towards text possession (t (197) = .180; p=.857>.05; Mean Difference = .19701) or their attitudes towards reading (t (196) = -.014; p=.989>.05; Mean Difference = -.01164). Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that teachers of literature-in-English should encourage students to develop a positive attitude towards reading literary texts. Teachers should adopt methods that will enhance students' positive attitudes towards reading literary texts, and students should be encouraged to read all recommended literary texts. Additionally, parents should purchase all recommended literary texts for their children and encourage them to develop a positive attitude towards reading these texts.

Assessment of School Health Services Utilization Among Secondary School Students in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State

Assessment of School Health Services Utilization Among Secondary School Students in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State

Utilization of modern animal processing facilities among butchers in amosun abattoir, akinyele local government area of oyo state.

To ensure good public health standard, the quality of management of abattoirs in the aspect of compliance to standard practice of meat inspection, sanitation and utilisation of modern facilities is fundamental. This study therefore examined utilization of modern animal processing facilities among butchers at Amosun abattoir in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State. Simple random sampling was used to select 53% of the butchers out of 212 who use modern processing facilities to give total number of 112 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, percentage and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The result showed that all the respondents were male (100%) and married (90.1%). Also, 81.98% were below 50 years, 45% of them had primary school education and practiced Islamic religion (75.70%). The result further revealed that majority (70.3%) had low utilisation of modern processing facilities as well as unfavourable attitude (55.0%). Majority (64.0%) of the respondents identified some of the constraints to utilisation of modern processing facilities to be high. PPMC showed that there is significant relationship between utilisation of modern processing facilities and attitude (r= 0.221, p = 0.02). Also, constraints and respondents attitude toward utilisation of modern processing facilities was significantly related (r = -0.257, p= 0.007). It is therefore recommended that government should organize seminar and programmes to create awareness on the importance of utilizing modern animal processing facilities.

ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN THE RURAL AREAS AND FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA: A CASE OF AKINYELE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Food production in Nigeria depends largely on subsistence farmers in the rural areas, where inefficient transport system remains a serious challenge and threat to food security in the country. This paper examines the effect of road transport system in the rural areas on food security in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The study adopts a descriptive analysis, Multicollinearity and Cronbach Alpha Reliability tests as well as regression analysis on the primary data. Findings from the study reveal through the multicollinearity test, absence of significant correlation among the independent variables and the Cronbach Alpha confirms internal consistency of the variables. Furthermore, the regression analysis indicates that transportation infrastructure has a positive and statistically significant effect on food security. More so, rural development and road network show positive significant effect on food security. Meanwhile, Market infrastructure and Security issues are not statistically significant to explain variations in food security. The paper therefore, recommends that governments should extend efficient road transport to the rural areas to facilitate the movement of agricultural produce from the village to the market and the industries. This will help to reduce wastes resulting from damage of farm produce due to the long distance to the city.

Public Perception of Climate Change Awareness in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Aims: The study investigated the awareness, causes, effects and mitigation strategies of climate change revealing that generally the people are knowledgeable of the issues involved.
 Study area: This study was carried out in Oyo state, specifically Akinyele Local Government Area Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
 Methodology: Two hundred and forty copies of the questionnaire were administered to the residents of Akinyele local government taking into consideration the prominent areas within each of the twelve (12) wards of the local government area. Twenty respondents using simple random sampling from each of the 12 wards were selected making up 240 questionnaires.
 Results: The assessment of socioeconomic characteristics of the population showed that the area is male-dominated with only 45% being female. It is predominantly Yoruba (80.8%) with 55% being 40 years and below and Christians and Muslims sum up to 93.3%. The majority of the population are involved with various occupations while 30.8% constituting the dependent population (students 22.5% and unemployed 8.3%). The study investigated the awareness, causes, effects and mitigation strategies of climate change revealing that generally, the people are knowledgeable of the issues involved. Concerning awareness, 53.3% of the people consider themselves to be knowledgeable of climate change with 62.55 of males being more knowledgeable than females (37.5%). Equally noteworthy is the fact that students were the most knowledgeable of the occupation group with 39%, with artisans who have 0% knowledge about global warming. However, schools constituted the least source of information of the inhabitants with 9.5% while Print and Electronic media seem to have the high source of information (33%).
 Conclusion: Non-invasive independent predictors for screening esophageal varices may decrease medical as well as financial burden, hence improving the management of cirrhotic patients. These predictors, however, need further work to validate reliability. It is suggested that environmental issues such as global warming and climate change should be included in the school curriculum and studied at various levels.

Effect of Disease Education on Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Mothers towards Typhoid Prevention in Akinyele local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigera

Backgroud: This is a disease is most predominant with great mortality among children of under five years of age especially in low and middle income countries where poor sanitation and poor hygiene favors the transmission of the disease. This study therefore focused on determining the effects of disease education on knowledge and attitude towards typhoid prevention among nursing mothers in Akinyele Local Government area of Oyo state.
 Methods: The desig for this study was pretest-protest control group, quasi-experimental research design using 2×2 factorial matrix. The study used factorial matrix design based on the fact that the study involved the use of independent variables at two levels; treatment and control. Moderating variable of educational background at two levels (none formal education and formal education), multistage sampling procedure was adopted to select participants of two hundred (200) registered nursing mothers as sample. A self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection with reliability value of 0.72. the inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level.
 Result: The result revealed that there was significant main effect of treatment on knowledge and attitude of nursing mothers towards typhoid prevention among nursingnmothers in Akinyele Local Government, Oyo State with (F(1/170) = 12.82, p <.05, ɳ2 = 0.07). (F(1/170) = 271.99, p <.05, ɳ2= 0.62) respectively.
 Conclusion: It was concluded that disease education was very effective and has positive influence in improving the knowledge and attitude of nursing mothers towards typhoid prevention in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State., recommended was made that there is need for massive health education campaign to educate the nursing mothers and generality of the populace by governmental and non-governmental agencies to correct the wrong perception they have about malaria and typhoid fever for effective prevention, treatment and control of the diseases.

Constraint To Use Modern Animal Processing Technologies In Amosun Abattoir Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State

Constraint To Use Modern Animal Processing Technologies In Amosun Abattoir Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State

Poverty status of arable farm households in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria

The study assessed the poverty status of arable farm households in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State. Ninety (90) respondents were randomly selected using the multistage sampling technique while data was collected using structured questionnaire. The data generated from the survey were analysed using descriptive statistics, poverty measures and a logistic regression model. The descriptive analysis shows that majority of the rural households were headed by males (76.67%), most of them (82.22%) were married and had a mean age of 54.5 years with 84.45% of them having a formal education. The mean household size of about 7 persons was obtained with a mean farm size of 6.66 hectares in the study area. The mean farming experience was 13.63 years, and the majority (86.67%) of the respondents did not receive any credit for their farming activities at a time or the other. The poverty status indicated that 54.44% of the respondents are poor while 45.56% are non-poor. The result of the factors influencing the poverty status using logistic regression analysis reveals that being married (p<0.05) and household size (p<0.1) were positive and significant predictors of the probability of being poor while access to credit (p<0.1) and per capita income (p<0.01) were negative and significant predictors of the probability of being poor. The study, therefore, recommended thatquality credit accessibility and participation in skills acquisition programmes through diversification should be encouraged due to their capability of improving the household income of the poor.

Farmer’s Adaptive Strategies To Climate Change in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria

Agriculture and climate change are inextricably linked to crop yield, biodiversity, water use, as well as soil health. The research sets the objectives of describing the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers in Akinyele L.G.A of Oyo state, identifying various adaptive measures and the determinants of appropriate climate-change adaptation measures used by farmers in the agricultural communities of the study area. A sample of farmers who have registered with the Federal Ministry of Agricultural, Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GES) Akinyele chapter were recruited in the research. Questionnaire was used to gather data on the age, gender, education and farming experiences of the farmers. Data was also collected on these adaptive capacity measures: Membership of social organizations, mixed farming, change from crop production to animal rearing, seeking early warning information on climate change among others. Percentages, frequencies were used to analyze the data. The variables were also subjected to regression analysis.70% of the farmers in the study area are male and about the same percentage of them fall within the age range of 31-60 years. Only 33% of the farmers have post- primary education. The result of the regression analysis reveal that planting of improved varieties (0.841,0.001) intensive fertilizer/manure application (0.005,0.421) have positive and significant relationship in determining farmer’s adaptation strategies while contour ridging (1.950, 0.970) has positive but not significant relationship in determining farmer’s adaptation strategies .Change from crop production to animal rearing (-1.766, 0.567) has negative and insignificant relationship in determining farmer’s adaptation strategies
 Keywords: Adaptation, Growth Enhancement Support Scheme, Strategies, Climate change, Communities

Assessment of ethno-veterinary practices in small ruminants in Akinyele local government area, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

The application of traditional medicine to veterinary medicine has been termed ethno-veterinary medicine. Interview survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to generate data on ethno-veterinary medicinal (EVM) practices used for treating pests and diseases of small ruminants in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Information from one hundred and nine respondents was obtained through a multi-stage sampling technique. The data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics to generate frequencies and percentages. Demographic characteristics of the respondents showed that 62.39% were males and the majority of them fell within 41 – 50 years, married (48.62%), Christians (68.81%), practiced an extensive system of rearing (83.49%) with all of them into goat farming (100%) and 30.28% also having sheep in addition to goats. Secondary level education (38.53%) was the most attended by respondents. The majority sourced their EVM from family and relatives (76.15%), whereas the greatest causes of loss, constraint and ill-health were diseases (46.79%), feed resources (35.78%) and PPR (35.78%) respectively. Most of them agreed that EVM has medicinal value (91.74%), cheaper than orthodox drugs (93.58%), has side effects (52.29%) and also easier to administer (77.06%). Eighteen (18) plant products that include fruit, leaf, root and bark were used to treat various diseases such as mange, cough, mastitis, diarrhoea, PPR, anthrax and snake bite. It is therefore recommended that these findings be used as baseline information by identifying the effective herbal remedies for livestock health that can be utilized by veterinarians and pharmacologists for the development of new therapies as well as isolation of bioactive compounds.