Akademie Der Wissenschaften Zu Research Articles

Texts, Manuscripts, Versions, Canon

Texts, Manuscripts, Versions, Canon Christopher T. Begg, Timothy M. Willis, Joseph E. Jensen, Richard A. Taylor, William J. Urbrock, and Fred W. Guyette Christopher T. Begg Catholic University of America Timothy M. Willis Pepperdine University Joseph E. Jensen Old Testament Abstracts Richard A. Taylor Dallas Theological Seminary William J. Urbrock University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Fred W. Guyette Erskine College and Seminary 1023. [1 Samuel 1 and Samuel's Status as a Nazirite] Anneli Aejmelaeus, "Was Samuel Meant to Be a Nazirite? The First Chapter of Samuel and the Paradigm Shift in Textual Study of the Hebrew Bible," Text 28 (1, 2019) 1-20. My article aims to demonstrate the urgency of a new methodological thinking through the analysis of a particular biblical passage, i.e., 1 Samuel 1. Its main focus is on two segments of the text, vv. 11 and 22-23 in which Hannah articulates her vow. Was that vow originally meant as a Nazirite vow on behalf of an unborn child? My analysis leads to the identification of an editorial reworking, esp. in MT, and to a lesser extent in 4QSama, whereas the Septuagint mainly represents an older Hebrew Vorlage, which is often in agreement with 4QSama. The series of changes concerning Hannah's vow in MT seems to have been prompted by halakic considerations. The fact that the textual evidence shows itself to be revelatory of processes at work during the editorial history of the text makes it clear that the border-line between the so-called "lower" and "higher" criticism no longer exists. The paradigm shift after the Qumran discoveries thus entails a paradigm shift for historical-critical methodology as well. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] Google Scholar 1024. [Latin Versions of the Bible] Jesús Ma Aguiñaga Fernández, "Versiones latinas de la Biblia," EfMex 38 (2020) 262-93. A.'s article highlights the point that the Latin translation of the Bible exists in several distinct versions, the Vetus Latina, the Vulgata of Jerome and the so-called Neo Vulgata. In the course of his article, A. provides characterizations of each of these versions and compares them with each other. In the case of the Vulgate, he presents samples of Jerome's renderings of the Gospels and the Psalms. See also #1083. [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] Google Scholar 1025. [The Göttingen Septuagint] Felix Albrecht, "Report on the Göttingen Septuagint," Text 29 (2, 2020) 201-20. This article provides a brief history of the Göttingen Septuagint Editions up to 2019 and then focuses on the new Psalter Project "Editio maior des griechischen Psalters" sponsored by the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, which started at the beginning of 2020. In particular, my article illustrates some of the challenges facing this project, using Psalm 1 as a test case. First, I provide an overview of the editorial history of the LXX Psalter, from the earliest printed editions that reveal a major influence of the Lucianic recension, to the Sixtine edition that marked a turning point in this editorial history, and continuing with subsequent modern editions, e.g., those of P. A. de Lagarde and A. Rahlfs. Second, I call attention to one of the most urgent research tasks for the above project, i.e., the reconstruction of the fragmentary hexaplaric tradition of the Psalter, citing as examples the hexaplaric fragments of Psalm 1 transmitted in ms. Rahlfs 113 (Cod. Ambros. B 106 sup.) and Rahlfs 271 (Cod. Vat. gr. 1747). [Adapted from published abstract—C.T.B.] Google Scholar 1026. [The Textual History of the Ethiopic OT Project (THEOT)] Daniel Assefa, Steve Delamarter, Garry Jost, Ralph Lee, and Curt Niccum, "The Textual History of [End Page 382] the Ethiopic Old Testament Project (THEOT): Goals and Initial Findings," Text 29 (1, 2020) 80-110. Our article offers an introduction to the THEOT project. This includes an account of the background for the project and its primary purpose, i.e., to map the transmission of the Ethiopic OT. We devote the bulk of our article to summarizing the project...

Organization of <em>Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach: The Complete Works</em>

Organization of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach: The Complete Works Cliff Eisen (bio) I. Keyboard Music (18 vols.) 1. “Prussian” and “Württemberg” Sonatas 2. Sonatas with Varied Reprises 3. “Probestücke,” “Leichte” and “Damen” Sonatas 4. “Kenner und Liebhaber” Collections (2 parts) 5. Miscellaneous Sonatas from Prints (2 parts) 6. Sonatas from Manuscript Sources (5 parts) 7. Variations 8. Miscellaneous Keyboard Works (2 parts) 9. Organ Works 10. Arrangements of Orchestral Works (2 parts) II. Chamber Music (7 vols.) 1. Solo Sonatas 2. Trio Sonatas (2 parts) 3. Keyboard Trios (2 parts) 4. Accompanied Sonatas 5. Quartets and Miscellaneous Chamber Music III. Orchestral Music (29 vols.) 1. Berlin Symphonies 2. Six Symphonies for Baron van Swieten 3. Orchester-Sinfonien mit zwölf obligaten Stimmen 4. Flute Concertos (2 parts) 5. Oboe Concertos 6. Violoncello Concertos 7. Keyboard Concertos from Prints 8. Sei concerti per il cembalo concertato 9. Keyboard Concertos from Manuscript Sources (15 parts) 10. Concertos for Two Keyboards 11. Keyboard Sonatinas from Prints 12. Keyboard Sonatinas from Manuscript Sources (2 parts) 13. Sonatinas for Two Keyboards [End Page 80] IV. Oratorios and Passions (24 vols.) 1. Die Israeliten in der Wüste 2. Die Auferstehung und Himmelfahrt Jesu 3. Passions-Cantate 4. Passions according to St. Matthew (6 parts) 5. Passions according to St. Mark (5 parts) 6. Passions according to St. Luke (5 parts) 7. Passions according to St. John (5 parts) V. Choral Music (20 vols.) 1. Magnificat (2 parts) 2. Quartalstücke (6 parts) 3. Einführungsmusiken (5 parts) 4. Bürgercapitainsmusiken 5. Works for Special Occasions (2 parts) 6. Miscellaneous Sacred Works (4 parts) VI. Songs and Vocal Chamber Music (4 vols.) 1. Gellert Songs 2. Cramer and Sturm Songs 3. Miscellaneous Songs 4. Arias and Chamber Cantatas VII. Theoretical Works (3 vols.) 1. Versuch über die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen I 2. Versuch über die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen II 3. Commentary to the Versuch VIII. Supplement (10 vols.) 1. Miscellanea Musica 2. The Polyhymnia Portfolio 3. Librettos (3 parts) 4. Portrait Collection (2 parts) 5. Historical Catalogues 6. Sources and Scribes 7. Indices Total estimated volumes: 115 Detailed contents of individual volumes, plus the introductions of published volumes and librettos for vocal works, can be found at www.cpebach.org. [End Page 81] Reviews Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach: The Complete Works (Los Altos, CA: Packard Humanities Institute, 2005–). If any collected works edition of a composer deserves the description “monumental,” it is surely Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach: The Complete Works, a joint undertaking of Harvard University, the Bach-Archiv Leipzig, and the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, sponsored by the Packard Humanities Institute. Begun in 1998, the edition includes not only Bach’s music, but also facsimiles; free downloads of parts and ancillary material not always included in complete editions, such as a fascinating catalogue of Bach’s portrait collection, reconstructed by Annette Richards; and an excellent new edition of Bach’s Versuch über die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen, edited and with commentary by Tobias Plebuch. To be sure, the C. P. E. Bach edition stands on the shoulders of other eighteenth-century monumental editions, including the Joseph Haydn Werke and the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe. But it surpasses these in its rigorous view of the sources, its thoughtful editorial philosophy and policies, the quality of the editing and the volumes’ forewords, and its broad view of Bach as a composer working within the context of particular locales at particular times or for particular—and sometimes diverse—audiences. It has the advantage, too, of having been undertaken only after many of the philological basics for dealing with eighteenth-century music have been more or less settled through the work of scholars like Wolfgang Plath, Alan Tyson, and Georg Feder, and after some vigorous debates concerning performance practice as well as the importance of the cultural context to a composer’s life and works. Finally, unlike the Mozart edition in particular, it has benefited from the recent recovery of sources previously thought to have been lost, especially, in 1999, the archives of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin, which includes some unique copies of Bach’s...

Report on the Göttingen Septuagint

Abstract This article provides a brief history of the Göttingen Septuagint Editions up to 2019, and focuses on the new Psalter Project “Editio critica maior des griechischen Psalters” (Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen), which started at the beginning of 2020. The article illustrates some of the challenges of the planned editorial work, and uses Psalm 1 as a test case. First, an overview is provided of the editorial history, from the earliest printed versions that reveal a major influence of the Lucianic recension, to the Sixtine edition that marks a turning point, followed by all other modern editions (e.g. by Paul Anton de Lagarde and Alfred Rahlfs). Second, attention is drawn to one of the most urgent research tasks, namely the reconstruction of the fragmentary hexaplaric tradition, giving examples of the hexaplaric fragments of Psalm 1 transmitted in ms. Rahlfs 113 (Cod. Ambros. B 106 sup.) and Rahlfs 271 (Cod. Vat. gr. 1747).

Warszewiczia and sixteen other names in the Rubiaceae authored by J. C. Klotzsch: when and where were they published?

There is confusion over the place and date of publication of a paper by J. C. Klotzsch in which 17 nomenclatural novelties in the Rubiaceae were proposed including five new generic names. The paper was presented to the Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin in August 1853 and appeared in the Akademie's journal. At least three German periodicals published in 1853 reported on Klotzsch's paper in association with the Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, indicating that the journal was published on a monthly basis and that the August issue was available on 19 September 1853 at the latest. Citation of an issue of the journal Flora from 7 December 1853 as the place of publication of these Klotzsch names should therefore be corrected. Five lectotypes, two neotypes and one second-step neotype are designated here.Citation: Turner I. M. 2019: Warszewiczia and sixteen other names in the Rubiaceae authored by J. C. Klotzsch: when and where were they published? – Willdenowia 49: 151–154. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.49.49203Version of record first published online on 24 June 2019 ahead of inclusion in August 2019 issue.

Umwelt und Umweltgestaltung: Leibniz’ politisches Denken in seiner Zeit, ed. Friedrich Beiderbeck, Irene Dingel and Wenchao Li

Emperor Leopold I confided in the Elector Georg Ludwig of Hannover on 17 May 1700 that Leibniz was a ‘highly experienced, discreet and qualified man’. The remark referred to Leibniz’s political experience and it was testimony to the remarkable recognition he achieved as a non-noble even from the highest authority in the Holy Roman Empire. He was also the most extraordinary polymath. And he was one of the international intellectuals of his day who exchanged letters with some 1,100 individuals scattered across the whole of Europe; indeed, in 2007, his correspondence alone was recognised as part of the world documentary heritage and added to the register of the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. Even gaining an overview of his prolific output is difficult and the sheer volume of writing in virtually every category is daunting. The Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften started publishing his complete works in 1923 and the work is still ongoing under the management of the Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften and the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, with offices in Berlin, Hanover, Münster and Potsdam. The challenge is Herculean: the project will ultimately include some 60,000 items. Roughly 200,000 pages of manuscript are preserved in Hanover alone.

New Members of the National Academy of Sciences: H. Dai, H. L. Ploegh, and M. S. Sanford / Chirality Medal: Andreas Pfaltz / Elected to the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen and Award for International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: K. Kohse‐Höinghaus

New Members of the National Academy of Sciences: H. Dai, H. L. Ploegh, and M. S. Sanford / Chirality Medal: Andreas Pfaltz / Elected to the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen and Award for International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: K. Kohse‐Höinghaus

Rothe, Hans (comp., ed.) Gottfried Ernst Groddek und seine Korrespondenten (review)

SEER, 94, 2, APRIL 2016 326 In his concluding chapter, ‘Russian Culture as a Mirage’, Levitt demonstrates the exceptionally traumatic paradigm shift that overwhelmed Russia as it began to ponder its own uniqueness over its former adherence to universal and ‘self-evident’ truths. Nineteenth-century Russian intellectuals began to devalue nearly everything that the Russian Empire highlighted among its supreme achievements. They viewed the former visual accomplishments of the Empire as ‘servile imitations’ of foreign models, Petersburg as a source of menace, rather than an object of admiration, and most former Russian verbal arts as irrelevant, unoriginal and pseudo-classicist. The last subsection, ‘Potemkin Villages’, briefly details the origin of ‘one of the most effective slanders in history’, as Levitt calls it (p. 266). In substance, the term refers to the presumably staged or artificially propped up villages that Catherine supposedly saw on her famous Crimea tour of 1787, arranged by her life-time partner Potemkin. Foreign diplomats and enemies of Potemkin, who were not invited to join this magnificent tour, marking the twenty-fifth anniversary of Catherine’s reign, spread the vicious rumor of such ‘mirages’ in retribution. Their lie spectacularly cast a shadow on whatever the Russian throne attempted to accomplish in the eighteenth century. Apropos of the actual accomplishments of Russia’s turn to Enlightenment, it could have been helpful to close this study by revisiting the agency of sight itself. As Hannibal Lecter famously says in The Silence of the Lambs (a film of 1991), ‘we begin by coveting what we see every day’. The point being that in spite of all the negative attention St Petersburg received in Russian nineteenthcentury writings, the city never lost the millions who coveted seeing its objective magnificence every day. Levitt considered it ‘tempting’ at the outset to write about Petersburg ‘as a supreme monument to Enlightenment visual culture’ (p. 12), but turned his focus on other aspects of seeing. Now that he has so convincingly prepared the ground with this study, let us hope he will succumb to his stated temptation. Department of Slavic Studies Alexander Levitsky Brown University Rothe, Hans (comp., ed.). Gottfried Ernst Groddek und seine Korrespondenten. Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Neue Folge, 39. De Gruyter Akademie Forschung, Berlin and Boston, MA, 2015. vi + 381 pp. Notes. Appendix. Bibliography. Indexes. €109.95: $154.00:£82.99. At the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries intellectual contact between Germany and Poland flourished, and Gottfried Groddek (1763–1825) REVIEWS 327 was to some extent an emblematic figure. Best known as the teacher of Adam Mickiewicz, he was in contact with some of the leading scholars of this period and his prodigious correspondence, admirably assembled and presented here, offers a fascinating history of ideas and their lively exchange in north-east Europe at this time. This extensive collection is mainly drawn from the archives of Tartu and Crakow but, as the compiler is well aware, it is far from complete, since a number of letters have undoubtedly been lost or not yet located, and Rothe has deliberately not included Groddek’s family correspondence. The collection is divided into four sections: ‘The Göttingen Circle (1786–1818)’, comprising one letter from Christian Daniel Beck, a prominent classical scholar from Leipzig, to Groddek dated 1786; correspondence between Groddeck and Gottlieb Hufeland (a distinguished Polonist) dated 1786 and 1792; many letters from the philosopher Johann Gottlieb Buhle, written between 1787 and 1811 that range from high ideas to student pranks (some of which the compiler recognizes from the present day); and finally letters from classicist and archaeologist Christian Gottlob Heyne dated 1804 and 1810. The second section consists mainly of two representatives of the Polish aristocracy with whom Groddek was so closely associated: a great body of letters to Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski written in the years 1790 to 1817, and from his son Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski between 1787 and 1822. Also in this section are two letters from the Englishman Joseph Saunders (1773–1845) who moved to St Petersburg in 1793, and in 1815 became a professor of engraving in Vilna. The third section is correspondence dated 1805 and 1824 between the German philologist Johann Karl...

Kampf der Zellen: Die Enstehung der Immunologie im Wissenschaftsdreieck. Russland, Deutschland, Frankreich by Oxana Kosenko

Reviewed by: Kampf der Zellen: Die Enstehung der Immunologie im Wissenschaftsdreieck. Russland, Deutschland, Frankreich by Oxana Kosenko Arthur M. Silverstein Oxana Kosenko. Kampf der Zellen: Die Enstehung der Immunologie im Wissenschaftsdreieck. Russland, Deutschland, Frankreich. Leipzig: Sachsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2015. €44.70 (978-3-8440-3574-2). This is a book about the development of Ilya Metchnikoff’s theories about the evolutionary origins of phagocytic cells and their immunological functions in protecting the body against infectious disease agents, and about the disputes that these concepts engendered. It is the seventeenth contribution to a series sponsored by the Saxony Academy of Science in Leipzig, devoted to the nineteenth-century scientific connections between Germany and Russia in the fields of chemistry, pharmacy, and medicine. Given that the present subject involves the immunology of the 1880s and 1890s, the France of Louis Pasteur had perforce to be included in the story. Despite the fact that Metchnikoff spent most of his scientific life outside of Russia—he worked for over twenty-five years at the Pasteur Institute in Paris—he has become something of a hero, first to Soviet and more recently to Russian science. Most of what has come down to the present day about Metchnikoff involves his epic battles on behalf of his phagocytic theory of immunity; the main opponent was Paul Ehrlich, whose theories were based upon the role of circulating antibodies. It was “cellularism versus humoralism” or, put another way, biology versus chemistry. What is especially interesting about this book is that the author treats all such disputes (and there were several), not so much as the battle between differing theoretical interpretations of data, but rather in terms of an almost predetermined contest between different Denkkollektivs (groups sharing the same conceptual approach) practicing their respective Denkstils (stylistic approaches), following in the footsteps of Ludwik Fleck. [End Page 342] The author suggests at the outset that Western historians, without access to the original Russian literature, might have a one-sided view of the dispute. She therefore includes detailed discussions of the state of contemporary Russian zoological and medical science, and of the mentors (mostly in Germany and France) who trained the scientists who contributed to the dispute, this to help define the allegiances of the participants. Even more useful in defining positions are the many letters included—exchanges between Metchnikoff and his assistants as well as his Western colleagues. There were actually three different levels of dispute stimulated by Metchnikoff’s developing theories. The first was purely embryological. Based upon the “Eureka story” of the response of the starfish to the rose thorn, Metchnikoff the Darwinian proposed that the wandering phagocytes (literally, “eating cells”) had evolved from antecedents involved in digestion. This was opposed automatically by the anti-Darwinists as well as by those who just did not believe the supposition. The second dispute involved the pathologists, for Metchnikoff not only assigned to phagocytes the ability to ingest and digest dangerous bacteria, but also suggested that they participated in a beneficial inflammatory response, and that the spleen played a role in protection as well. This was widely contested; these large white blood cells were widely held to help spread infection, inflammation was thought to be a destructive process, and no one had understood the function of the spleen. But the most significant arguments involved the assignment of phagocyte as the principal player in the immune response. In the 1880s, no one understood how Pasteurian immunizations worked to protect against disease, and many were loath to assign this role to the miniscule phagocyte. But when in 1890 Behring and Kitasato discovered blood-borne antibodies, the battle was really joined. Proto-immunologists committed themselves either to cells or to those humoral substances, and each acted as though it were an all-or-none situation. In the end, both Metchnikoff and Ehrlich shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1908, although a full explanation of the contributions of the two main factors would take yet another sixty to seventy years. This book is a valuable addition to the Metchnikoff story, in that it tells more about his early days, about the details of many of the minor actors, and about...

Invited Commentary

German researchers have always been very fond of enigmata. They even called one of the most sophisticated encrypting machines ever simply “Enigma.” It was first patented in 1918 and was used widely during the Second World War until its code system was finally broken at Bletchley Park [1Hinsley F.H. Stripp A. Codebreakers: The Inside Story of Bletchley Park. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK1993Google Scholar]. One enigma still unsolved 70 years later is the blood supply of the spinal cord and its protection during operations on the thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta. Interestingly enough, the crucial steps to understand both the Enigma machine and spinal cord blood supply were taken by Poles: Marian Rejewski and Albert Adamkiewicz, respectively. Pig models have been used for a long time for further understanding, despite of some basic anatomic differences [2Wadouh F. Arndt C.F. Metzger H. Hartmann M. Wadouh R. Borst H.G. Direct measurements of oxygen tension on the spinal cord surface of pigs after occlusion of the descending aorta.J Thorac Cardovasc Surg. 1985; 89: 787-794PubMed Google Scholar, 3Etz C.D. Kari F.A. Mueller C.S. et al.The collateral network concept: a reassessment of the anatomy of spinal cord perfusion.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011; 141: 1020-1028Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (212) Google Scholar]. An academic debate regarding the role of the so-called artery of Adamkiewicz [4Adamkiewicz A. Die Blutgefässe des menschlichen Rückenmarkes I: Die Gefässe der Rückenmarkssubstanz. Sitzungsberichte der kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien.Math Naturwissenschaftl Classe. 1881; 84: 469-502Google Scholar, 5Adamkiewicz A. Die Blutgefässe des menschlichen Rückenmarkes II: Die Gefässe der Rückenmarlsoberfläche. Sitzungsberichte der kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien.Math Naturwissenschaftl Classe. 1882; 85: 101-130Google Scholar] has been ongoing, including the respective protective approaches derived from the defended opinion [6Wadouh F. Arndt C.F. Oppermann E. Borst H.G. Wadouh R. The mechanism of spinal cord injury after simple and double aortic cross-clamping.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1986; 92: 121-127PubMed Google Scholar, 7Griepp R.B. Ergin M.A. Galla J.D. et al.Looking for the artery of Adamkiewicz: a quest to minimize paraplegia after operations for aneurysms of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996; 112: 1202-1215Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (247) Google Scholar, 8Heinemann M.K. Brassel F. Herzog T. Dresler C. Becker H. Borst H.G. The role of spinal angiography in thoracic aortic surgery: myth or reality?.Ann Thorac Surg. 1998; 65: 346-351Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (71) Google Scholar]. Now, Haldenwang and colleagues have applied the porcine model to simulate modern surgical strategies [9Haldenwang P.L. Prochnow N. Baumann A. et al.Spinal cord ischemia after selective cerebral perfusion in a porcine “frozen elephant trunk” simulation model.Ann Thorac Surg. 2015; 99: 1624-1631Google Scholar]. Given the background of the previous studies, it is not so surprising that the lower (lumbar) regions were more susceptible to ischemic damage even after indirect (selective cerebral) perfusion at moderate hypothermia (28°C). Some perfusion is probably almost always better than none, and the colder the better is still valid for tissue protection. This report nicely shows that even seemingly less invasive techniques such as endovascular stent-grafting are still troubled by one of the most enigmatic enigmata in medicine. Definitive deciphering is still bound to take a while, and it is to be hoped that this group will continue its valuable research. Spinal Cord Ischemia After Selective Cerebral Perfusion in a Porcine “Frozen Elephant Trunk” Simulation ModelThe Annals of Thoracic SurgeryVol. 99Issue 5PreviewThe “frozen elephant trunk” procedure (FET) represents the therapy of choice for extended aortic diseases. The aim of our study was to analyze whether 90 minutes of selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) at 28°C followed by permanent occlusion of the thoracic segmental arteries (TSA) would cause spinal cord ischemia in a porcine model. Full-Text PDF

Das begrenzte Papsttum: Spielräume päpstlichen Handels. Legaten – delegierte Richter-Grenzen ed. by Klaus Herbers, Fernando López Alsina, and Frank Engel (review)

Reviewed by: Das begrenzte Papsttum: Spielräume päpstlichen Handels. Legaten – delegierte Richter-Grenzen ed. by Klaus Herbers, Fernando López Alsina, and Frank Engel Marie Therese Flanagan Das begrenzte Papsttum: Spielräume päpstlichen Handels. Legaten – delegierte Richter-Grenzen. Edited by Klaus Herbers, Fernando López Alsina, and Frank Engel. [Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, neue Folge, Band 25.] (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 2013. Pp. xii, 332. $140.00. ISBN 978-3-11-030463-3.) The fourteen papers in this volume represent the outcome of a conference held at the Universidade Católica Portuguesa in Lisbon in July 2010, under the auspices of its Centro de Estudos de História Religiosa, the University of Santiago de Compostela, and the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities. This academy supports an ongoing project for the publication of extant original papal documents before the pontificate of Innocent III (1198–1216) and to date has published two volumes in its Iberia Pontificia series treating the exempt dioceses of Burgos and León. Scholars drawn from Austria, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland (most presenting in their own languages but with brief English summaries provided) explored the actuality of papal authority on the Iberian peninsula between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, focusing on the challenges and limitations posed by geographical distance from the papal curia, the activities of legates and papal judges-delegate, and the complex ecclesiastical structures in the Iberian realms that were still in the process of formation in the context of the Reconquista—the series of long and complex campaigns by Christian rulers to recapture territory that Muslims had conquered from the Visigoths between 711 and 718. One role of the papacy in this situation was to afford legitimacy to those structures and to adjudicate in the often protracted disputes over metropolitan jurisdiction and diocesan borders that it generated. The papers are grouped under four sections. The first section considers general issues such as the reach of papal authority (as manifested, for example, in the itineraries of individual popes), the expanding range of addressees in papal privileges and responses to canonical queries directed to the papacy, the personnel of the college of cardinals (only three of whom were drawn from the Iberian peninsula in the period covered by this volume), and the geographical impact of papal conciliar [End Page 153] decisions and Roman liturgical developments. The second section provides more detailed case studies relating to territorial demarcation and tensions between ecclesiastical geography and political borders of consolidating secular lordships, including a dispute between the sees of Porto and Coimbra and boundary changes in the ecclesiastical province of Narbonne whereby the counts of Barcelona and Melgueil sought papal support to bolster their own spheres of influence. The third section considers the potentialities and limitations of the role of papal legates on the Iberian peninsula. An article by Clauda Zey compares legatine activity on the Iberian peninsula with two other outlying regions, the crusader states in the Holy Land and Scandinavia. Ludwig Vones surveys the activities of the cardinal-priest Richard of Marseille and the four legatine synods convened by him—namely, Burgos 1080, Husillos 1088, Palencia 1100, and Girona 1101. In a century-long conflict between the Dioceses of León and Lugo over the Archdeaconry of Triacastela, which was geographically closer to Lugo, both sides appealed to the papacy for definitive rulings, but might also expediently choose to ignore mandates. The concluding section considers the developing role of papal judges-delegate, which relied on a new cadre of clerics who had been trained in canon law, with case studies drawn from the Dioceses of Burgos and Avila (in the case of the latter by Frank Engel a useful table of the judges delegate, disputing parties, and sources is provided). Overall, this volume constitutes a valuable base for further investigations arising from the Iberia pontificia series, but it also has a wider relevance for all those interested in the reach of papal government from the eleventh century onward into the more peripheral areas of Western Christendom. Marie Therese Flanagan Queen’s University Belfast Copyright © 2015 The Catholic University of America Press

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, “Kenner und Liebhaber” Collections I–II The Complete Works, Series I, Volumes 4.1–2

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, und Liebhaber Collections I-II The Complete Works, Series I, Volumes 4.1-2Edited by Christopher Hogwood(Los Altos, California: Packard Humanities Institute, 2009)Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach: The Complete Works (CPEB:CW) is an editorial and publishing project of the Packard Humanities Institute, in cooperation with the Bach-Archiv Leipzig, the Sachsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, and Harvard University. Its goal is to make available, in both printed and digital formats, a critical edition of the composer's works.CPEB:CW is a living edition. As new information or material relevant to the edition becomes available, we will report it. Substantive errors in the music or text of any volume will be reported (see Addenda & Corrigenda links in tables of contents on Organization page) and corrected in the online, digital edition. Any inquiries regarding errors may be directed to our editorial office (see below). Performing parts for chamber, orchestral, and choral volumes can be downloaded here.This up-to-date announcement can be read on the opening page of the website of the belated C. P. E. Bach Gesamtausgabe, a project that approaches completion in the tercente- nary year of the composer's birth. The handsome volumes, bound in royal blue, with gilded letters and decorations, make the oeuvre at last available for the profession, and the admirers of the art of Philipp Emanuel.A few words about the project in general, to start with. The structure of the series is logical; the background research is exemplary; the print of the score is clear, and comfortable to read. The fundamental principles of the edition, laid down in the General Preface by the Editorial Board (General Editors: Darrell M. Berg, Ulrich Leisinger, Peter Wollny; Chair: Christopher Hogwood), follow the consensus of today's critical editions. Beaming and stem direction are standardized according to modern convention, except where the original notation may have a bearing on performance, reads the familiar statement, among other issues. The decision is arguable in the case of C. P. E. Bach (in his keyboard writing in particular), where beaming and stem direction does influence the articulation of the music. More disputable is the exclusive use of the Wotquenne numbers for the identification of the compositions. The General Preface says:Alfred Wotquenne's Thematisches Verzeichnis der Werke von Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1905) has long been the standard catalogue of Bach's works, and the present edition employs Wotquenne numbers, abbreviated Wq, for primary references to Bach's works. ... Works not in Wotquenne are referred to by their numbers in E. Eugene Helm's Thematic Catalogue of the Works of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1989), abbreviated H. (p. viii)Concordances appear occasionally; the disregard of a recent, scholarly catalogue, nevertheless, seems unreasonable to me.It is wholly justifiable that The Complete Works should start with Keyboard Music (Series I, General Editor: Darrell M. Berg), the most important body of works by the composer. Thus far, seven of the planned ten volumes (some of them double volumes) are available in print: of these, Volumes 4.1 and 4.2 comprise the six remarkable collections fur Kenner und Liebhaber, in two installments, with three collections per volume.The editor, Christopher Hogwood offers an Introduction of generous length, and Critical Report to both volumes. The sub-sections of the former discuss Inception; the double term und Liebhaber; Method of Publication; Printing and Proofreading; Criticism and Reception; and Performance Considerations. There is a wealth of information on these pages about the genesis and the publication of the six collections of sonatas, rondos, and fantasias, printed between 1779 and 1787 by Breitkopf, im Verlage des Autors. Bach organized the advertising for subscriptions, and arranged them by Pranumeration (payment in advance). …

The Symposium in Context: Pottery from a Late Archaic House near the Athenian Agora by Kathleen M. Lynch

BOOK REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS 179 precisely with Ath. pol. 57 either. In his defense of the passage, Canevaro must weigh in on several issues, such as the roles of pollution and intentionality in Athenian homicide law, but he unquestioningly follows most commentators in assuming that feœgein refers to the penalty of exile rather than going on trial. Even so, he admits to not being able to explain every detail, which this reviewer found refreshingly candid. Dem. 24.149–151 offers a very lengthy version of the oath sworn by the Athenian judges, the so-called Heliastic oath. For convenience, Canevaro relies somewhat on Fränkel’s 1878 reconstruction of the oath1 and finds this version deficient both in lacking two clauses that are included by Fränkel and in including several that seem based either on Demosthenes’ argumentation elsewhere in the speech or on external sources. Previous scholars have argued for the exclusion of the same two clauses and the inclusion of some that Canevaro would exclude. On many of these issues he is probably right, but there seems to be an unjustified assumption that the judges’ oath never changed. And while Canevaro must limit himself to considerations of authenticity in the Demosthenic context, others will no doubt go on to explore more fully what such forgeries can reveal to us about hellenistic appropriations of Demosthenes’ works. This book is a formidable work of scholarship from a brilliant young scholar ably assisted by his doctoral advisor Edward Harris, who in fact is directly responsible for the analysis of the documents in Dem. 21 Against Meidias. The author reviews and illuminates innumerable issues that have been raised in the last two hundred years of scholarship (though a glance at Wentzel’s 1895 study of lexicography would not have gone amiss)2 and will no doubt prevent mistaken assumptions about the historical reliability of these legal documents for generations to come. Simon Fraser University David C. Mirhady The Symposium in Context: Pottery from a Late Archaic House near the Athenian Agora. By Kathleen M. Lynch. Princeton, New Jersey: American School of Classical Studies at Athens (Hesperia Supplement 46). 2011. Pp. xx, 377. This study catalogues and analyses the material deposited in a well in a house near the Athenian Agora. Well J 2:4 “is the first Agora well from the Late Archaic or Early Classical period for which all excavated material was saved, and thus presents an unusually complete view of an Athenian household assemblage” (1). This find offers a ripe opportunity for the kind of contextual study to which archaeology has turned in the last decades. This book demonstrates that a close and careful study of this kind may speak to questions of wide scope and great significance. After a brief introduction (Chapter One) setting out the study’s aims, Chapter Two establishes the archaeological context of the deposit. The well and house were built in the last quarter of the sixth century. Stratigraphic analysis reveals that the contents of the well consist of period of use deposits and then fill from a single depositional event 1 Max Fränkel, “Der attische Heliasteneid,” Hermes 13 (1878) 452–466. 2 G. Wentzel, “Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Lexicographen,” Sitzungsberichte der Königlich-Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 26 (1895) 477–487 = Lexica Graeca Minora, ed. H. Erbse (Hildesheim 1965) 1–11. 180 PHOENIX when the well was closed. It was filled soon after 479 as part of the clean-up after the Persian destruction. Comparative analysis of the shapes and decoration of the vessels confirms that the deposit represents a domestic assemblage. Although the location of the well and the pattern of deposition show that the assemblage belonged largely to a single house, some of the material in the fill must be extraneous. The quantitative analysis presented in Chapter Three establishes what should be included in the household assemblage. A contextual analysis of the deposit reveals what we have: the contents of the china cupboard of an Athenian household ca 480, which appears to have been, as best as we can tell, of middling status. This knowledge offers in turn to shed considerable light on the historical context...

XVIII * Bibliography and Textual Criticism

Last year’s survey began with a lament for the absence of Studies in Bibliography . Volume 58 ( SB 58[2007–8]) was published in September 2010. The question is, was it worth waiting for? It has eight articles, but no apology for its lateness in appearing. It opens with Richard Bucci’s ‘Mind and Textual Matter’ ( SB 58[2007–8] 1–47). Bucci’s is an extensive consideration of ‘the critical editorial approach to Anglophone literary works which arose alongside the “new bibliography” ’ (p. 4). Amongst texts and theories about them, considered are essays in Stephen Orgel’s The Authentic Shakespeare and other problems of the Early Modern Stage [2002], Paul Werstine’s writings in Shakespeare Quarterly , Text and elsewhere. Interestingly, some of Bucci’s text is concerned with responses to W.W. Greg’s ‘The Rationale of Copy-Text’ (pp. 11ff.) and McKerrow, Bowers, Tanselle, and McGann’s reactions to it, see for instance specifically p. 18 n. 25. For Bucci, there was ‘an initial lack of clarity on the part of some author-focused editors about the need to deepen the definition of their editorial goal’. Additionally, with the exception of Bowers and Tanselle, ‘few contributions to the scholarly journals published little in the way of meaningful assessments of the editions’ (p. 21). He finds, however, Hans Zeller’s ‘A New Approach to the Critical Constitution of Literary Texts’ ( SB 28[1975] 231–64) ‘provocative and helpful’ and also the work of the ‘learned German Jewish philologist Ernst Grumach (1902–67)’ who was the first editor of ‘the edition of Goethe’s works prepared by the Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (DDR), from 1949’ (p. 22).

Review: The Complete Works by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

Book Review| April 01 2010 Review: The Complete Works by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. The Complete Works. The Packard Humanities Institute in cooperation with the Bach-Archiv, Leipzig, the Sächische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, and Harvard University. Los Altos, CA: The Packard Humanities Institute, 2005–. Cliff Eisen Cliff Eisen Cliff Eisen, Professor of Music History at King's College London, recently published an edition of Hermann Abert's W. A. Mozart (Yale University Press, 2007) and an article on a recently discovered portrait, possibly of Mozart (available at www.aproposmozart.com). His current projects include a book on Mozart iconography and an online, four-language annotated edition of letters by Mozart and his father written during their travels in Italy, 1770–1773 (http://letters.mozartways.com/eng). Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Musicological Society (2010) 63 (1): 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2010.63.1.149 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Cliff Eisen; Review: The Complete Works by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach. Journal of the American Musicological Society 1 April 2010; 63 (1): 149–155. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2010.63.1.149 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2010 by the American Musicological Society. All rights reserved.2010 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

VI. Wolfenbuttel, Germany

WOlfenbUttel is a small town with 50,000 inhabitants located near Braunschweig, east of Hanover and west of Berlin. Until 1753 it was a residence of the Dukes of Braunschweig-Liineburg, .Cousins of the Electors of Hanover, and site of a court, a theatre and a library of critical importance in the history of German culture. The history of courts in Early Modem Germany is, as many are aware, unendingly complicated. We are confronted with over two hundred territories, whose dynastic, confessional and geographical definitions were subject to frequent change. The questions of what constituted a court and who belonged to court society have not yet been answered. Useful categories for comparing the German courts can only be established on the basis of case studies, which so far have been undertaken for very few courts. Surveys of research to date, with bibibliographical references, are given by Volker Bauer Die hofische Gesellschajt in Deutschland von der Mitte des 17. bis zum ausgang des 18. Jahrhunderts (Tiibingen 1993); Aloys Winterling, 'Die friihneuzeitlichen Hofe in Deutschland. Zur Lage der Forschung' Internationales Archiv fUr Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 21 (1996) P 181-89, also a review of Bauer's book; Rainer A. MUller Der Fiirstenhof in der Friihen Neuzeit (Enzyklopadie Deutscher Geschichte 33, Munich 1995); Christian Halm and Jan Hirschbiegel Auswahlbibliographie von Neuerscheinungen zu Residenz und Hof: 19911995 (Mitteilungen der ResidenzenKommission der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, Sonderheft 1, Christian-AlbrechtsUniversiUit, Kiel 1995). The Dukes of Braunschweig-Liineburg came from the middle rank of princes in the Empire. Throughout the early modem period different branches of the dynasty had resided for brief or extended periods in Harburg, Celle, Gottingen, Calenberg, Grubenhagen, Hanover and WolfenbUttel. The main income of the territories was derived from· salt, forestry and the rich mining areas of the Harz mountains. It was not until 1690, when the Hanoverian Dukes became Electors, that at least part of the dynasty moved into the upper ranks of the Empire. By this time primogeniture had ended the division of territories among male heirs and the Braunschweig dynasty had only two main branches, Hanover and

Notes on "Lugalbanda and Enmerkar"

IN 1971, SAMUEL NOAH KRAMER OFFERED A DETAILED ANALYSIS of the ambiguities of the plot of and in a review' of Claus Wilcke's edition of the tale.2 While he acknowledged that Wilcke's editio princeps required modifications to his own earlier views of the story, Kramer offered a critique of Wilcke's interpretation. Kramer concluded that while no single interpretation solved all difficulties, Assyriologists would now be able to judge the evidence for themselves. My interest in this composition arose during a close examination of all tablets in the University Museum, Philadelphia, belonging to and Enmerkar.3 I take this opportunity to publish the resulting notes as well as to reflect on the structure of the story. Discussions of the plot of and have centered on three problems: 1) the relationship of this tale to other heroic tales about Lugalbanda and Enmerkar; 2) the relationship of the first half of the story to the second half; and 3) the interpretation of the different versions of the second half of the story.4 The primary contribution I would like to make here is a redefinition of the issues related to these three areas of inquiry. This would be especially useful for the third question, where Wilcke's and Kramer's views are stalemated. One Lugalbanda Epic or Two? pp. 5-8, has suggested that and may be only the second half of a composition, the first half being the tale which he named im Finstersten des Gebirges, Kramer calls Lugalbanda, the Wandering Hero, while others speak of it as and Hurrum(-kurra) as well as and I.'5 Both Kramer and J. Klein6 have adequately rebutted all of Wilcke's arguments in favor of one epic except the question of why and (II) seems to start in medias res. That is, how did Lugalbanda become lost and what is the origin of Enmerkar's difficulties? The story appears to start in medias res from an occidental point of view. Many non-Western and even occidental narratives appear to us to start abruptly. Consider this case. According to a given story, a certain king mounts an expedition against a distant city, lays siege to it without success, and finally finds victory through the extraordinary efforts of one of his lieutenants. There is also a story about this lieutenant and his wanderings through hostile regions in his attempt to find his family and friends. Furthermore, we cannot understand why the lieutenant was lost and wandering unless we know the first story about the war. Shall we dare call the Iliad and the Odyssey two halves of one epic? The case for only one Lugalbanda ' Acta Orientalia 33 (1971), 363-78 (hereafter cited as Kramer, p. ...). 2 Das Lugalhantlaepos 1969 (hereafter cited as Wilcke, p..). A list of reviews of Wilcke's edition, as well as some collations and additional texts, was published by Wilcke himself in Kollationen zu den sumerischen literarischen Texten aus Nippur in tier Hilprecht-Sammlung Jena [Abhandlungen der Sachsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Phil.-hist. KI., Band 65, Heft 4], 1976 (hereafter cited as Wilcke, Kollationen, p..). Add to this H. Sauren, OLZ, 68 (1973), 580-86; and the comments by S. Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta, Dissertation University of Pennsylvania, 1973 (hereafter cited as Cohen, ELA2), 7, 9, 19-21, 23-25. Among the various reviews, J. Bauer's is very useful for his many corrections to typographical errors and readings. J. Klein's supplements Kramer's discussion of ambiguous lines. M. Civil's contains references to new texts, a few philological notes and general comments on text editions. 3 Together with Prof. Ake W. Sjdberg, whose guidance and advice I gratefully acknowledge here. More than a few of his suggested readings have been incorporated in this paper. 4 See notes I and 2. ' As distinct from our story, called and 11 (or simply and Enmerkar). This numeration does not imply an organic unity between the compositions. 6 JAOS 91 (1971), 297.

The Ugaritic Text 2106: 10-18: A Bottomry Loan?

* The system of text numbering adopted here for the Ugaritic tablets is that of Richard E. Whitaker, A Concordance of the Ugaritic Literature (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972). Only lines 10-18 of this text are being studied because lines 1-9 deal with a completely different subject. 1 The first reference to this text seems to have been made by C. Virolleaud in 1955: Les nouvelles tablettes alphab6tiques de Ras Shamra (XVIIIe campagne, automne 1954), CRAI 1955, p. 77; see also, by the same author, Questions de vocabulaire ougaritique, GLECS 8 (1957-60): 27. The following studies of or allusions to text 2106 will be referred to throughout this paper by the author's name only:-C. Virolleaud, Le Palais royal d'Ugarit V, Mission de Ras Shamra, vol. 11 (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale and Librairie C. Klincksieck, 1965), pp. 129-30.-O. Eissfeldt, Neue keilalphabetische Texte aus Ras Schamra-Ugarit, Sitzungsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse fir Sprachen, Literature und Kunst, 1965/6, p. 35.-Jack M. Sasson, Canaanite Maritime Involvement in the Second Millennium B.C., JAOS 86 (1966):132-33.-M. Liverani, kbd nei testi amministrativi ugaritici, UF 2 (1970): 99.

Current oscillations in n-type silicon

physica status solidi (a)Volume 8, Issue 1 p. K61-K62 Short Note Current oscillations in n-type silicon M. Asche, M. Asche Zentralinstitut für Elektronenphysik der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorO. G. Sarbei, O. G. Sarbei Institute of Physics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, KievSearch for more papers by this author M. Asche, M. Asche Zentralinstitut für Elektronenphysik der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorO. G. Sarbei, O. G. Sarbei Institute of Physics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, KievSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 November 1971 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210080151Citations: 10AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume8, Issue116 November 1971Pages K61-K62 RelatedInformation

Conductivity of Hot Electrons in n‐Si at Liquid Neon Temperature

physica status solidi (b)Volume 46, Issue 2 p. K121-K122 Short Note Conductivity of Hot Electrons in n-Si at Liquid Neon Temperature M. Asche, M. Asche Zentralinstitut für Elektronenphysik der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorO. G. Sarbei, O. G. Sarbei Institute of Physics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, KievSearch for more papers by this author M. Asche, M. Asche Zentralinstitut für Elektronenphysik der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu BerlinSearch for more papers by this authorO. G. Sarbei, O. G. Sarbei Institute of Physics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, KievSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1 August 1971 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2220460258Citations: 13AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume46, Issue21 August 1971Pages K121-K122 RelatedInformation

Book reviews

Australia and the pacific The Wind of Change in Central Australia, by Frederick G. C. Rose. Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Völkerkundliche Forschungen, Berlin, 1965. Pp. iii‐ix, 1–363. Plates, diagrams, maps. (n.p.) Desert People: A Study of the Walbiri Aborigines of Central Australia, by M. J. Meggitt Foreword by A. P. Elkin. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1962; The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1965. Pp. i‐xv, 1–348. Illustrated with photographs and text figures. $A.7.50. Aboriginal Man in South and Central Australia. Part I. Edited by B. C. Cotton. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1966. Pp. 1–220. Illustrated. $A.1.50. Linguistic Fieldwork Methods in Australia, by S. A. Wurm. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra, 1967. Manual No. 3. Pp. 1–52. (n.p.) Male Cults and Secret Initiations in Melanesia, by M. R. Allen. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1967. Pp. v‐ix, 1–140. Maps. $A.6.00. New Guinea on the Threshold. Aspects of Social, Political and Economic Development, edited by E. K. Fisk. Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1966. Pp. v‐xii, 1–290, two end maps. $A.3.95. Choiseul Island Social Structure, by Harold W. Scheffler. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1965. Pp. v‐x, 1–322, 11 tables, 14 figures. $U.S.7.00. The Fern and the Tiki. An American View of New Zealand National Character, Social Attitudes, and Race Relations, by D. P. Ausubel. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, N.Y., 1965. (First pub. by Angus and Robertson, 1960.) Pp. 1–232, frontal matter, glossary, index. $A.2.25 (paper). Maori and Pakeha. A Study of Mixed Marriages in New Zealand, by J. Harré. A. H. and A. W. Reed, Wellington, for the Institute of Race Relations, 1966. Pp. 1–158, tables, maps, index. (n.p.) General Models of Social Organization, by Fredrik Barth. Occasional Paper No. 23, Royal Anthropological Institute, London, 1966. Pp. vi, 33. 15/‐ stg. The Development of Kinship and Marriage, by C. Staniland Wake. (Edited by Rodney Needham.) Classics in Anthropology series (Editor: Paul Bohannan), University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1967. Pp. i‐xlvii, xlix‐lvi, 1–510. $A.13.90. Villages in Indonesia, edited by Koentjaraningrat. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1966. Pp. v‐xi, 1–445, Index, Maps. $U.S.10.00. The Political System of the Jats of Northern India, by M. C. Pradhan. Oxford University Press, Bombay, 1966. Pp. v‐xvi, 1–275, maps, diagrams, tables, plates. Rs 25. Akan Religion and the Christian Faith. A Comparative Study of the Impact of Two Religions, by S. G. Williamson. (Edited by K. A. Dickson.) Ghana Universities Press, Accra, 1965. Pp. 1–185. (n.p.) The Ghost‐Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890, by James Mooney. (Abridged, with an introduction by Anthony F. C. Wallace.) Classics in Anthropology series (Editor: Paul Bohannan), University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1965. Pp. v‐xxiii, 1–359. Maps, diagrams, plates, song texts and music. $U.S.6.95. Indian Police and Judges, by William T. Hagan. Yale Western Americana Series, 13. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1966. Pp. v‐viii, 1–194, Plates. $U.S.6.50. Man's Evolution: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology, by C. L. Brace and M. F. Ashley Montagu. Macmillan, New York, 1965. Pp. i‐xii, 1–352, 133 figures. (n.p.) Human Palaeopathology—Proceedings of a Symposium on Human Palaeopathology held in Washington, D.C., January 14, 1965, edited by Saul Jarcho. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1966. Pp. 1–182. 56/‐ stg.