Ajzen Model Research Articles

Analisis Intensi Berprestasi Mahasiswa Binus Online Learning

The utilization of e-learning can improve learning effectiveness and flexibility. Universitas Bina Nusantara (BINUS) provides an online learning program called BINUS Online learning. It offers the student to do a study through online activities, where the students are couraged to learn individually. This research was conducted to obtain a perspective of student intention from BINUS Online learning to mark good achievement. Non experimental method with quatitative approached is implemented where the respondents are students of Information System department and Marketing Management Department. The sampling techniques used is non probability purposive sampling. All variables are measured using questionnaire based on Fishbein and Ajzen model. The data of the research are analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linier regression analysis. The results show that the intention to mark an achievement of students of BINUS Online learning is very high. It means that BINUS Online learning Program students have strong intention to get good marks and study achievements.

Les déterminants de l’intention entrepreneuriale des jeunes diplômés

We attempt to explain the entrepreneurial intention using individual as well as environmental characteristics which are inspired from the literature on Ajzen's psychosocial model of planned behavior. We conduct a study on graduates of the High School of Commerce of Sfax. Our results show the importance of attitudes related to behavior and also the importance of social norms in the entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, financial constraints, training in business creation and all those things relating to perceptions of behavioral control have an insignificant effect on intention.

Eliciting Consumer Preferences for Certified Animal‐Friendly Foods: Can Elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior Improve Choice Experiment Analysis?

ABSTRACTModels used in neoclassical economics assume human behavior to be purely rational. On the other hand, models adopted in social and behavioral psychology are founded on the “black box” of human cognition. In view of these observations, this paper aims at bridging this gap by introducing psychological constructs in the well‐established microeconomic framework of choice behavior based on random utility theory. In particular, it combines constructs developed employing Ajzen's theory of planned behavior with Lancaster's theory of consumer demand for product characteristics to explain stated preferences over certified animal‐friendly foods (AFF). To reach this objective, a Web survey was administered in the largest five EU‐25 countries: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Findings identify some salient cross‐cultural differences between northern and southern Europe and suggest that psychological constructs developed using the Ajzen model are useful in explaining heterogeneity of preferences. Implications for policymakers and marketers involved with certified AFF are discussed.

Predicting people’s environmental behaviour: theory of planned behaviour and model of responsible environmental behaviour

Using different measures of self-reported and other-reported environmental behaviour (EB), two important theoretical models explaining EB – Hines, Hungerford and Tomera’s model of responsible environmental behaviour (REB) and Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB) – were compared regarding the fit between model and data, predictive ability, solidarity of the model structure and model modifications. Results of structural equation modelling revealed that the predictors in the TPB model explained much more variance in behavioural intention than those in the REB model (approximately 69 vs. 37%) but the two models differed little in explaining the variance in EB (about 75% with self-reported measure and 26% with other-reported measure). In addition, both suffered weakness of ineffective paths in the model structure. It was found that the operationalizations of the variables in the models might affect the results of the tests of these models and some adjustments and examinations were suggested. Although the REB model was shown to be imperfect in many aspects, it should be evaluated from a different viewpoint and was encouraged to be applied and tested in the context of environmental education.

The Reasoned Action Model

The reasoned action model (RAM) of Fishbein and Ajzen has been highly influential in the social and health sciences. This article describes three areas for future research that should expand its explanatory power. One area of research focuses on an idiographic RAM that encourages researchers to pursue the estimation of RAM parameters on a per-individual level rather than through traditional nomothetic modeling. The second area encourages scientists to develop a split-second RAM, that is, a RAM that can provide perspectives on the split-second decisions people make in everyday life. Integration of the RAM with models of working (short-term) memory is stressed. The third area for research encourages scientists to develop a multioption RAM that incorporates and is responsive to the choices that people make when confronted with multiple alternatives. This perspective stresses the need to apply the RAM to the full range of behavioral options that are available to people as they contemplate performing one behavior versus another. Perspectives for theoretical advancement in each area are developed.

Purchase intention of Chinese consumers toward a US apparel brand: a test of a composite behavior intention model

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to assist US apparel firms to successfully market in China. It aims to accurately predict Chinese consumers' purchase intentions toward a US brand. For this purpose, it proposes a composite model incorporating two behavioral intention models, Lee's model and decomposed Ajzen's model, and empirically tests the composite model.Design/methodology/approachA total of 747 consumer data were collected in three cities of China, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou, utilizing a series of mall intercept method at two levels of shopping malls in each city.FindingsAmong the proposed direct paths to purchase intention (PI), attitude toward the US brand apparel was the most important in explaining contemporary Chinese consumers' purchase intentions, followed by external perceived behavioral control (PBC) and subjective norm (SN). Two Confucian values, face saving and group conformity, did not directly affect PI at all, and face saving only influenced PI indirectly through the increase of attitude toward US brand apparel. Among external PBC (one's controllability toward a purchase) and internal PBC (one's self‐efficacy), only external PBC led to PI.Practical implicationsBy examining the two aspects of PBC, the study validated the importance of consumers' resource controllability (i.e. external PBC) in Chinese purchase behaviors in the midst of rapid socioeconomic changes. This approach advances previous studies that primarily viewed PBC as one dimension.Originality/valueThe paper is one of earliest endeavors to consider the decomposed PBC in a composite model. Also, the paper provides early proof that external PBC is more important than internal PBC in purchase contexts.

The impact of spirituality on the formation of a leader’s purpose

This article reports a study of how 10 highly influential Christian leaders formed their higher purpose. Using the phenomenological approach and of Moustakas and grounded theory procedures, the study results suggest that when these leaders experienced cognitive dissonance because of their spiritual formation and conditions they perceived in the environment, they formed a higher purpose aimed at reducing the dissonance. Similar to the behavioral model of Ajzen and Fishbein, evidence from this study suggests that spiritual beliefs and the encouragement of others influences the formation of a leader’s higher purpose (intention), which, in turn, informs the vision that they communicate (behavior) to others.

Entrepreneurial intent

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the ability of Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior to predict entrepreneurial intent in 12 countries representing all ten of the global regional clusters as identified in the GLOBE project.Design/methodology/approachAjzen's model was operationalized to address entrepreneurial intent and a questionnaire was developed consisting of previously used scales, as well as a new measure of entrepreneurial autonomy. A total of 1,748 usable questionnaires were collected from university business students in 12 countries.FindingsThe results suggest that Ajzen's model of planned behavior, as operationalized in this study, does successfully predict entrepreneurial intent in each of the study countries, although as foreseen by Ajzen, the significant contributing model elements differ by country as does the percent of the variance explained by the model, although one model element, social norms, was a significant predictor of entrepreneurial intent in each country.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to provide insight to the role of cognition in the entrepreneurial process by examining a model of planned behavior in countries representing all global regional culture clusters. The paper also provides guidance for future entrepreneurial research and individual development of entrepreneurs.

Antecedents to the Entrepreneurial Decision: An Empirical Analysis of Three Predictive Models

This study investigates the entrepreneurial decision to start a new independent business venture. Specifically, this study empirically tests and compares three prominent models of entrepreneurial intention: (1) Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, (2) Shapero's Model of the Entrepreneurial Event, and (3) Davidsson's Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions. An extensive search and synthesis of literature germane to the entrepreneurial decision was undertaken to identify factors relevant to the decision to become an entrepreneur, resulting in the selection of three intentions-based models particularly worthy of further investigation and empirical testing. A representative entrepreneurship database (PSED) of 669 nascent US entrepreneurs was used to create individual comprehensive venture profiles, which were then used to code constructs identified in the three models under investigation. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the predictive capability of the three intentions-based models. The study resulted in seven noteworthy findings. First, although Ajzen's model proved more parsimonious overall and more powerful in explaining entrepreneurial intentions, Shapiro's model proved more powerful in predicting entrepreneurial activity. Second, the specific components from each of the three intentions-based models exhibited explanatory power, and a composite model of these influential constructs increased R2 from an average of 0.34 among the three tested models to 0.43 in the composite model. Third, the 669 individual profiles created from the PSED panel data proved effective in measuring the constructs utilized in this study, and shows promise for providing a source of generalizable data for future entrepreneurship research. Fourth, an extensive two-day rater training workshop increased inter-rated reliability from 0.41 to 0.91, supporting the use of such training. Fifth, the study found that the entrepreneurial decision actually consists of two fundamental types of choices, one to pursue an entrepreneurial career and another to pursue a specific market opportunity. Sixth, wealth aspirations proved to vary tremendously among nascent entrepreneurs and often change dramatically over time. Finally, entrepreneurs in this study tended to underestimate the challenge of employee management, often dramatically adjusting their employee projections downward over time.

Avaliação do programa nacional de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar: a intenção de pagamento do crédito

Esta publicação faz parte de um estudo maior (Tese). Nela analisou-se a intenção de pagamento do crédito no contexto da avaliação do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf) na Paraíba. A pesquisa foi executada com base na opinião dos beneficiários do Grupo A (Assentados) e B (Agricultores familiares) em duas etapas: (a) preliminar, para o levantamento de crenças e informações e (b) principal, para a medição dessas crenças. Para avaliar a intenção de pagamento, foi empregado o modelo Teórico da Ação Planejada de Ajzen (1991). Com base nesse modelo, a Atitude, a Crença normativa (componente da norma subjetiva) e a Norma Subjetiva foram, para o Grupo A, as variáveis preditoras que explicaram a Intenção de pagamento de crédito. Para o Grupo B, as dimensões Atitude, Crença comportamental (componente da atitude), Crença normativa (componente da norma subjetiva) e a crença de controle (componente da percepção de controle) influenciaram a Intenção do pagamento de crédito. A Percepção de controle não influenciou diretamente a Intenção comportamental, mas indiretamente essa variável é preditora do Comportamento-alvo.

Nursing attitudes and beliefs in pain assessment and management

This paper reports a study to determine nurses' attitudes towards pain assessment tools and the relationship of these attitudes to education and experience. The issue of pain management is of interest to caregivers nationally and internationally. For example, in the United States of America, the National Health and Medical Research Council set guidelines to assist clinicians in pain management. Research on whether healthcare teams use pain assessment tools has yielded contradictory findings. Using an open-ended questionnaire developed for this study, which was based on Fishbein and Ajzen expectancy-value model, a convenience sample of 52 nurses on an acute care unit were asked: (1) What do you believe about the assessment of pain? (2) What do you believe about the use of pain assessment tools? and (3) What do you believe about the use of pain assessment tools in improving the patient's outcome? The nurses then rated their attitudes about each belief and how each belief made them feel. The data were collected in 2003. Results. When Fishbein and Ajzen's formula for calculating attitude was used, attitude scores ranged from -6 to 28 with an overall mean score of +8.3. The amount of education and experience of each nurse and the attitude measure in regard to the use of pain assessment tools were compared. The Fishbein and Ajzen model provides a useful way to obtain information on the attitude of nurses towards the use of pain assessment instruments. To provide further information, this study with an open-ended instrument should be followed with a fixed-response survey with a larger sample size and in various settings.

INTERGENERATIONAL CONTACT, ATTITUDES, AND STEREOTYPES OF ADOLESCENTS AND OLDER PEOPLE

Contradictory findings characterize the literature on the efficacy of intergenerational programs that bring children and older persons together for joint activities to promote more positive attitudes and stereotypes. Nor is it clear whether cross-generational attitudes are negative to begin with. The research reported in this paper operationalized the constructs of attitudes and stereotypes by employing ideographic measures based on the attitude model of Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) and adopted the principles of the contact hypothesis in organizing a cross-age program. Sixty-three middle school adolescents (age 11–13) were randomly assigned to cross-age contact, didactic instruction, or control conditions for a 6-week program. Overall, adolescents and older persons held generally positive attitudes and stereotypes of each other. Relative to the control group, the contact group adolescents’ attitudes toward older people became more positive. There was no change in the didactic group. Following contact, the older people showed more positive attitudes toward younger people and scored higher on a measure of life satisfaction.

Psychosocial determinants of the intention of nurses and dietitians to recommend breastfeeding.

To identify the major psychosocial determinants of the intention of nurses and dietitians to recommend breastfeeding to new mothers for six months as well as the salient beliefs underlying this intention. Following an open-ended questionnaire that sought to elicit their most significant beliefs, a standardized questionnaire based on a modified model of Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour, was sent to New Brunswick nurses and dietitians who graduated between January 1992 and December 1996. Multiple regression analysis determined which variables contributed the most to the prediction of intention. The main determinants of intention were perceived behavioural control and perceived professional norm. They explained 69% of the variance in intention. All salient beliefs underlying the perceived behavioural control were significantly associated with intention. To help nurses and dietitians to support and promote breastfeeding more effectively, programs should focus on changing perceived and true barriers to recommending breastfeeding, as well as the related perceived professional norm.

Psychosocial Determinants of the Intention of Nurses and Dietitians to Recommend Breastfeeding

To identify the major psychosocial determinants of the intention of nurses and dietitians to recommend breastfeeding to new mothers for six months as well as the salient beliefs underlying this intention. Following an open-ended questionnaire that sought to elicit their most significant beliefs, a standardized questionnaire based on a modified model of Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour, was sent to New Brunswick nurses and dietitians who graduated between January 1992 and December 1996. Multiple regression analysis determined which variables contributed the most to the prediction of intention. The main determinants of intention were perceived behavioural control and perceived professional norm. They explained 69% of the variance in intention. All salient beliefs underlying the perceived behavioural control were significantly associated with intention. To help nurses and dietitians to support and promote breastfeeding more effectively, programs should focus on changing perceived and true barriers to recommending breastfeeding, as well as the related perceived professional norm.

Behavioral Goals for a Diverse Organization: The Effects of Attitudes, Social Norms, and Racial Identity for Asian Americans and Whites

This research identified 5 behaviors that may enhance the effectiveness of a diverse organization and used Fishbein and Ajzen's (1975) theory of reasoned action to identify predictors of these behaviors. Results from samples of White and Asian undergraduate students from 2 universities generally supported the Fishbein and Ajzen model. Attitudes and subjective norms were significant predictors of behavioral intentions when gender, race, and social desirability bias were controlled. Racial identity also had a significant, positive effect on attitudes toward diversity‐related behaviors among the Asian American students, but no significant effect among Whites. These results supported our reasoning that members of historically excluded racial groups with strong racial identities will be most likely to welcome organizational attempts to become more pluralistic because pluralism means that their valued identities will be respected rather than repressed.

Incentives, Morality, Or Habit? Predicting Students’ Car Use for University Routes With the Models of Ajzen, Schwartz, and Triandis

The predictive power of the Ajzen, Triandis, and Schwartz models are compared in the context of car use for university routes. Two hundred fifty-four students filled out a questionnaire designed to measure the components of the three models. In the prediction of intention to use a car, results indicated that one variable from the Trinandis model—role beliefs—increased the explanatory power offered by the components of the Ajzen model. In the prediction of self-reported car use, one variable of the Triandis model—car use habit—significantly increased the predictive power of the Ajzen model. The central variable of the Schwartz model—personal norm—exerted no significant effect either on intention or on behavior. The implications of the findings for interventions to reduce the car use of students for university routes are discussed.

Influence of Social Acceptability and Attitudes in Restaurant Beef Consumption

ABSTRACT The competition for meeting consumer preferences for beef steak in the casual dining restaurant is increasing. In order to better understand these preferences researchers employed Sapp's expanded rational expectations intention model, a depiction of Ajzen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action, to investigate consumers' intentions to consume beef steak in the casual dining restaurant. The expanded model added the social acceptability construct to Ajzen and Fishbein's rational expectations model. Social acceptability had significant causal path estimates for attitude, intention, and subjective norm. Additionally, researchers looked at possible gender differences in the social acceptability, attitude, and behavioral intention constructs. The path estimate between social acceptability and behavioral intention was significant for females but not for males. The attitude to behavioral intention causal path was the strongest path for both males and females; however, neither gender differed in the amount of weight placed on this causal path. The results of this study may assist the beef and restaurant industry to more effectively compete for market share by meeting consumer preferences for beef steak in the casual dining environment.

Extraterrestrial Beliefs and Experiences: An Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action

The authors expanded the applicability of I. Ajzen and M. Fishbein's (1980) theory of reasoned action by assessing the participants' beliefs, attitudes, and experiences related to sightings of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and to alien abductions. The authors designed and administered a survey on UFO phenomena to 398 Canadian students. The survey contains items relating to each component of Ajzen and Fishbein's model, as well as scales that evaluate paranormal beliefs and social desirability. A majority of the sample believed in UFOs, although most had never seen one. However, only a minority believed in alien abductions–again, most without having had any reported experience. According to path analyses, UFO beliefs originated from societal forces rather than from personal experiences as the model would predict.

Safer Sex in Social Context: Individualistic and Relational Determinants of AIDS‐Preventive Behavior Among Gay Men1

This longitudinal study of gay men examined safer sex within steady relationships and assessed whether relationship quality influenced safer sex with casual partners. The theoretical frameworks of Rusbult's (1980) investment model of romantic relationships and of Ajzen's (1988, 1991) model of planned behavior were used. Unprotected intercourse with a steady partner was practiced significantly more often when both partners in a steady relationship were seronegative and had an explicit agreement to keep it safe with casual partners. However, there was no indication that explicit agreements reduced the occurrence of unsafe extrarelational sex. Both the investment model of romantic relationships and the model of planned behavior were successful in accounting for sexual risk behavior outside the relationship.

The Correlates of Antinuclear Activism: Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Efficacy

Ajzen's (1988) theory of planned behavior was modified and used to examine antinuclear behavior. Subjects completed a questionnaire measuring their antinuclear attitudes, their perceptions of support for taking antinuclear action, and their perceptions of efficacy in this arena. Then, an antinuclear behavioral intentions questionnaire was presented, as well as several opportunities to engage in various antinuclear actions. Regression analyses indicated that Ajzen's model was supported to the extent that attitude emerged as a significant predictor of antinuclear intentions and behaviors. Subjective norms and efficacy were not significant predictors of either intentions or behaviors. Models incorporating behavior‐specific attitude measures accounted for more variance than did models using more general attitude measures toward nuclear war/weapons.