Ajwa Dates Research Articles

Improvement in Skin Hydration Status Following 8% Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Extract Lotion Application: A Clinical Trial on Xerosis Cutis Patients in an Elderly Population

Improvement in Skin Hydration Status Following 8% Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Extract Lotion Application: A Clinical Trial on Xerosis Cutis Patients in an Elderly Population

Effect of Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Extract on the Histopathology of Pancreatic Islets in Mice with Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: It is necessary to develop alternative antidiabetic therapies that are safer and more affordable to overcome the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera) have a high flavonoid content; hence, this study aimed to investigate their effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus mice by examining the number of beta cells and the islets of Langerhans. Methods: Twenty-five mice were divided into five groups: a negative control group (K1), a positive control group (K2), and three treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3). The K2, P1, P2, and P3 groups were induced by 100 mg/kg bw of streptozotocin. Additionally, the P1, P2, and P3 groups received oral treatment using ajwa date methanol extract at different doses of 3, 5, and 7 g/kg bw, respectively. The treatment was administered daily for four weeks. The initial analysis included the homogeneity test and the Shapiro-Wilk test. As the data were non-normally distributed, the analysis proceeded with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Results: The comparative analysis revealed significant differences in the number of beta cells among the groups, with a notable decrease observed in the K2 group and an increase in each treatment group. The measurement of the islets of Langerhans exhibited significant differences among the groups, with p=0.001. Conclusion: The administration of ajwa date methanol extract can affect the number of beta cells and the islets of Langerhans in mice with diabetes mellitus. Highlights: This original study examined the antioxidant compounds derived from naturally sourced ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera) extract. Ajwa date extract has the potential to protect against histological damage, specifically to beta cells and pancreatic islets, in mice induced by streptozotocin.

Effect of Ajwa Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) Methanol Extract on Blood Glucose Levels in Mice with Diabetes Mellitus

Highlights: The widespread incidence of DM leads to costly treatments and often results in undesirable side effects. Flavonoids in ajwa date fruit are believed to lower blood glucose levels through several mechanisms. Methanol extract of ajwa date fruit can effectively lower blood glucose levels in diabetic mice at specific optimal doses. Abstract Introduction: High diabetes mellitus (DM) cases result in costly medical expenses. Ajwa date fruit contains triterpenoids, carbohydrates, and flavonoids believed to lower blood glucose, which requires research validation using methanol extract on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. This study aimed to determine the effect of methanol extract of ajwa dates with several dose levels, namely 3 g/WB, 5 g/WB, and 7 g/WB, given orally to mice induced by STZ. Methods: This study utilized a randomized pre- and post-test control group design to assess ajwa date fruit methanol extract effects on blood glucose in Swiss-Webster mice (Mus musculus). The mice were divided into four groups: Group K (6 mice without date extract intervention), P1 (6 mice with 3 g/WB/day oral dose date extract intervention), P2 (7 mice with 5 g/WB/day oral dose date extract intervention), and P3 (7 mice with 7 g/WB/day oral dose date extract intervention) and were induced with 100 mg/WB streptozotocin. Administered daily for three weeks, ajwa dates fruit extract showed varying impacts. Weekly blood glucose measurements and analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 disclosed significant group differences. Results: In the third week, blood glucose measurements revealed significant differences (p = 0.017), with an optimal reduction in P3 (7 mice with 7 g/WB/day oral dose date extract intervention). Conclusion: In the third week, ajwa dates fruit extract, at an optimal 7 g/WB dose, effectively reduced blood glucose levels via flavonoid hypoglycemic mechanisms.

Evaluation of Anti-tyrosinase, Anti-collagenase, and <i>In Vitro</i> Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of Ajwa Date Fruit (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L.)

This research explores the potential of Ajwa date fruit extract as a bioactive component in cosmeceutical formulations, with particular emphasis on its anti-tyrosinase, anti-collagenase, and ultraviolet (UV) protection capabilities. The antioxidant activity was determined using the design of response surface methodology, considering the factor of sample-to-water-as-solvent ratio, extraction time, and size of the sample. This factor possesses the capacity to exert an influence on the production of antioxidants and enhance the efficacy of the extraction procedure. The Ajwa date fruit extract was obtained using the Soxhlet method. The extract showed notable inhibition percentages of 67.77 and 49.12 for anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase activities, respectively. Additionally, it revealed a sun protection factor value of 17.09. Previous research has indicated that Ajwa dates exhibit significant inhibitory properties against tyrosinase and collagenase enzymes, making them potentially valuable in cosmetic applications. Therefore, research has demonstrated this study’s promise in skin pigmentation, elasticity, and UV protection. The study places significant importance on exploring natural alternatives in cosmetics. It highlights the encouraging outcomes obtained from using Ajwa date fruit extract, emphasising its potential for future advancements in cosmeceuticals. The present study offers a valuable opportunity to produce skincare formulas that are both safer and more effective.

Literature Review: The Effect of Ajwa Date Fruit Consumption on Fasting Blood Sugar Levels in Perimenopausal Women

Literature Review: The Effect of Ajwa Date Fruit Consumption on Fasting Blood Sugar Levels in Perimenopausal Women

Case Report: Effect of Ajwa Date Consumption on LDL Levels in Perimenopausal Women

During perimenopause, there can be a decrease in estrogen production, which indicates the end of a woman’s reproductive years. The production of the hormone estrogen that continues to decrease will cause hypercholesterolemia. Decrease in LDL cholesterol levels can be increased by giving antioxidant properties, which are rich in vitamin C and contain flavanoids and phenolics that function as antioxidants. The method used in this study is Literature Review with Design Narrative Review. The result from the literature it was found the effect of giving ajwa dates (Phoenix Dactylifera L) before and after administration showed a change, namely a decrease in LDL levels after giving ajwa dates. This is because ajwa dates contain flavanoids, phenolics, and plant sterols that function as antioxidant that can prevent the formation of lipid peroxidation. The conclusion based on the results of the literature review, it can be concluded that giving ajwa dates to perimenopause women decreased LDL levels where ajwa dates have antioxidant functions to prevent lipid peroxidation to reduce LDL. The suggestion from the study is necessary to conduct further research on the effect of consumption of ajwa dates on LDL levels in perimenopause women using experimental methods of pretest and posttest design.

Case Report: The Effect of Ajwa Date Consumption on Total Cholesterol Levels in Perimenopausal Women

Based on the 2016 Riskesdas, the prevalence of high cholesterol in Indonesia among women aged 35-59 years was 52.9%, and among those aged ≥60 years, it was 58.7%. According to provincial data, the highest percentage of patients with high cholesterol levels at Posbindu and FKTP in Indonesia was in West Papua Province, reaching up to 70%. The concentration of cholesterol levels in women's blood tends to increase with age, particularly for those over 40 years old, due to hormonal factors, especially the decrease in estrogen production and function. The decline in estrogen levels leads to an increase in lipids or total cholesterol, resulting in changes in body fat composition associated with hypercholesterolemia. This case report aims to investigate the impact of consuming Ajwa dates on the total cholesterol levels of perimenopausal women. Results: Ajwa dates contain higher polyphenol concentrations with an impressive nutritional profile that enhances blood lipoproteins. Additionally, dates can increase estrogen levels due to the estradiol and estrone present in their pollen. Several experimental studies have shown a significant difference in total cholesterol levels in subjects before and after consuming Ajwa dates. Conclusion: There is a notable difference in total cholesterol levels before and after the administration of Ajwa dates.

Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate, pH, and Calcium Level Following Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Consumption in Caries and Caries-free Individuals

Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate, pH, and Calcium Level Following Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Consumption in Caries and Caries-free Individuals

Literature Review: the Effect of Ajwa Dates on Hemoglobin Levels in Perimenopause Women

Ajwa dates or often called prophet dates are types of dates that grow in Saudi Arabia / Al-Madinah Al-Munawara and have significant value in healing several diseases. The content of active substances contained in date extracts such as vitamins B1, B2, nicotinic acid, vitamin complex A, magnesium, calcium and iron which has a function to help the formation of hemoglobin. Perimenopause is an indefinite period of time that surrounds the final years of a woman's reproductive life, usually between the ages of 30-40 years when estrogen levels slowly decline causing menstrual abnormalities. The decrease in estrogen levels in perimenopausal women causes excessive blood loss so that iron deficiency anemia will occur. Objective : To determine the effect of consumption of ajwa dates (Pheonix Dactylifera L) on hemoglobin levels in perimenopausal women. Method : Literature Review with Design Narrative review. Results : Based on the results of research from several literatures that discuss the effects of giving Ajwa Dates (Phoenix Dactylifera L) before and after administration, it shows that there are differences in hemoglobin levels. Especially in perimenopausal women who are prone to iron deficiency anemia because Ajwa dates contain high iron, which increases hemoglobin levels. So it is highly recommended for consumption. Conclusion : Ajwa Dates (Phoenix Dactylifera L) can increase hemoglobin levels in perimenopausal women.

Case Report: The Effect of Ajwa Dates on Calcium Levels in Perimenopausal Women

Perimenopause itself is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian activity confirmed by the onset of amenorrhea for 12 consecutive months in the absence of other pathological or physiological causes, occurring at the age of 42 years until menopause. In perimenopausal women, besides decreasing estrogen levels, there is also a decrease in calcium absorption which causes osteoporosis. Where dates contain iron, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and potassium, but it also contains phytochemical compounds such as phytosterols and phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens have the same structure and function as endogenous estrogens that serve to exert a major effect on women on bone remodeling and also control the timing of osteoclast apoptosis. Objective : To determine the relationship between giving ajwa dates to calcium levels in perimenopausal women. Method : Literature review with narrative review design. Results : Based on several journals that have been reviewed, it can be concluded that giving ajwa dates can inhibit the decrease in bone density in elderly women, where the active substances that play a role in this are calcium and phytoestrogens. Conclusion : Giving ajwa dates can inhibit the decrease in bone density in elderly women. Keywords : ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L), perimenopause, calcium.

Sweet flow: Exploring the flowability, caking, morphology, and solubility of date sugars as promising sugar substitutes

This study investigates the impact of sugar content on the physicochemical properties of oven-dried dates powder from four distinct cultivars—Ajwa, Safawi, Sukkary, and Medjool. The drying process reduced moisture content by approximately 55% (Ajwa), 58% (Safawi), 76% (Sukkary), and 60% (Medjool). Quantification of sugars using High Performance Liquid Chromatography equipped with refractive index detector (HPLC-RI) revealed varying sugar compositions, with Ajwa, Safawi, and Sukkary containing a mix of fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose, while Medjool lacked lactose. Sukkary date powder exhibited superior flowability properties due to lower sugar and moisture content, meeting industry standards, although it displayed a higher tendency to cake compared to white and coconut sugars. Other physicochemical characterisation (pH, colour properties L*(lightness), a*(redness/greenness), b* (blueness/yellowness) values, hygroscopicity, solubility, morphology and chemical structure of all date sugar were also explored in comparison with commercial sugars (white sugar and, brown sugar and coconut sugar) as controls. Notably, Sukkary date powder emerged as a promising cultivar for production, offering reduced clumpiness and stickiness in comparison to Ajwa, Safawi, and Medjool date powders. These findings provide valuable insights for food manufacturers, formulators, and researchers interested in using Sukkary date powder in various foods. The potential use of Sukkary as a sugar substitute or carbohydrate source, suitable for both normal and diabetic individuals, underscores its versatility and highlights avenues for innovation in the food industry especially in confectionary, bakeries, beverages, snack foods or other natural, health-oriented food industries.

The Effect of Ajwa Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L) Consumption to Antral Ovarium Imaging by with Ultrasonography (USG) Transvaginal of Perimenopausal Women

Objectives: Perimenopause is a transition from the reproductive period to the menopause stage with a decrease in the number and function of oocytes. Transvaginal ultrasound is a reliable alternative method for detecting ovarian reserve. Ajwa dates contain phenolic and other flavonoid components which are considered to have the potential to improve the ovarian condition of perimenopausal women which can be assessed by increasing the number of antral follicles as measured by transvaginal ultrasound. This study aims to determine the effect of consuming ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on the appearance of ovarian follicles using transvaginal ultrasound in perimenopausal women. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post control design carried out at RSIA Sitti Khadijah I Muhammadiyah Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, from May to September 2023. This research involved 44 perimenopausal subjects aged 42-48 years who were divided into 2 groups randomly (28 intervention groups, 16 control groups). Subjects in the intervention group consumed seven pieces of ajwa dates (60-70 grams each seven pieces) every morning before having breakfast for eight weeks. The transvaginal USG was performed twice, the first was on day three of the menstrual cycle of each subject and the second was after eight weeks of intervention. A comparison of changes in ovarian follicles was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: This study showed a significant decrease in the number of antral follicles in the intervention group and an increase in the number in the control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the size of the antral follicles showed a significant increase in the intervention group and a significant decrease in the size of the antral follicles in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Consuming Ajwa dates as an exogenous antioxidant can affect the number and size of antral follicles, which is an indicator of improving the condition of perimenopausal women's ovaries.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue 01: 2024 Page: S66

FruitVision: A deep learning based automatic fruit grading system

Abstract Quality assessment of fruits plays a key part in the global economy’s agricultural sector. In recent years, it has been shown that fruits are affected by different diseases, which can lead to widespread economic failure in the agricultural industry. Traditional manual visual grading of fruits could be more accurate, making it difficult for agribusinesses to assess quality efficiently. Automatic grading of fruits using computer vision has become a prominent area of study for many researchers. In this study, a deep learning-based model called FruitVision is proposed for the automatic grading of various fruits. The results showed that FruitVision performed all the existing models and obtained an accuracy of 99.42, 99.50, 99.24, 99.12, 99.38, 99.38, 99.17, 98.86, and 97.96% for the apple, banana, guava, lime, orange, pomegranate, Ajwa date, Mabroom date, and mango, respectively, using 5-fold cross-validation. This is a remarkable achievement in the field of AI-based fruit grading systems.

Antianaemic Potential of Flavonoids from Ajwa Date Fruits: An In Silico Study

Antianaemic Potential of Flavonoids from Ajwa Date Fruits: An In Silico Study

Quality Characteristics of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) Tempeh Milk with Addition of Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and Various Types of Stabilizers

Jack bean tempeh was processed into jack bean tempeh milk. The addition of Ajwa date can improve the organoleptic and nutritional value of jack bean tempeh milk. Moreover, stabilizers must be added while making jack bean tempeh milk to enhance its quality. This study contributed to determining the effect of various stabilizers on jack bean tempeh milk quality. The treatments were (F1) the addition of iota carrageenan stabilizer (0.1%), (F2) the addition of gum Arabic stabilizer (0.1%), (F3) the addition of pectin stabilizer (0.1%), and (F4) the addition of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) stabilizer (0.1%). The results of this study showed that the stabilizer types had no significant effect on the organoleptic color, texture, and taste of the jack bean tempeh milk. The selected formulation was based on the hedonic quality test in the parameters of color and aroma, namely formula F4, which was jack bean tempeh milk with the addition of a CMC stabilizer. The results of the chemical characteristics of F4 jack bean tempeh milk was protein content of 0.65%, fat content of 2.48%, and antioxidant activity (IC50) of 7760 ppm. The physical characteristics of F4 jack bean tempeh milk was a pH value of 5.8, total dissolved solids of 20.7°Brix, a viscosity of 13.43 cP, L* value of 60.61, a* value of -0.12, and b* value of 19.56.

The Antioxidant Effect of Ajwa Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to Inhibit the Progression of Preeclampsia Threats on Pregnant Women through Malondialdehyde as Prooxidant Serum Marker

Hypertension in pregnancy, including preeclampsia, is still a significant problem worldwide and is one of the top three causes of maternal death in Indonesia. The pathophysiology of the disease is unclear yet, but vascular dysfunction due to oxidative stress is thought to play a role. Ajwa dates are known for their antioxidant effects due to their higher phenolic and flavonoids than other dates. The study aimed to determine the impact of consuming seven Ajwa dates each day on the progression of preeclampsia as assessed by changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Forty pregnant women with gestational age more than 20 weeks were randomly assigned into two groups: the samples of the control group were 10, who were encouraged to consume lots of fruits and vegetables, and the samples of the intervention group were 30, who consumed seven pieces of Ajwa dates every day for eight weeks. MDA measurements were carried out pre-and post-intervention. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in MDA levels following the 8-week intervention period. Consumption of seven Ajwa dates every day can reduce MDA levels significantly and, thus, has the potential to inhibit the progression of preeclampsia in pregnant women who are at risk of preeclampsia based on stress oxidative mechanism.

The effect of Ajwa dates extract (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on gut microbiota of Sprague Dawley rats induced by a high-fat diet

Excessive intake of nutrients will lead to obesity associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition and inflammatory-metabolic disorders. Ajwa dates have a high fibre content to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit pathogenic bacteria that trigger metabolic diseases. This study aimed to determine the effect of Ajwa date extract (ADE) on the gut microbiota of Sprague dawley rats induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The research design was a pre-post test with a control group design. A total of fifteen male rats were divided into 3 groups, 5 rats in the control group were only given standard feed (control group, CG), 5 rats were induced standard feed and HFD (treatment group I, TG I), and 5 rats that were treated with standard feed, HFD, and the intervention of ADE (treatment group II, TG II). HFD induction for 28 days and ADE for 7 days. The microbiota in the faeces samples were extracted and determined by qPCR (quantitativePolymerase Chain Reaction) method. After the intervention of ADE showed that CG and TG I did not experience a significant change in microbiota composition, while in TG II there was a significant change in the genus Bifidobacterium (p<0.01), Bacteroides fragilis (p<0.043), Clostridium (p<0.036), Lactobacillus (p<0.043), and Escherichia coli (p<0.043). In conclusion, ADE was able to modulate the gut microbiota of Sprague Dawley rats induced by a high-fat diet.

Effectiveness of Oral Providing of Ajwa Date Fruit Extract on Malondialdehyde and Superoxide Dismutase Levels of White Rats Induced by Excessive Physical Activity

Natural food ingredients are becoming increasingly popular as a treatment. According to studies and investigations, experts increasingly turn to natural remedies to treat disease, including date fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera). This study tested the effectiveness of oral date palm fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera) in reducing blood malondialdehyde levels in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by excessive physical activity and increasing blood levels. Intense physical exercise increases white rat blood superoxide dismutase. This research is a laboratory experimental research or an actual experiment. The research design used a pre-test and post-test with a control group design to analyze the effectiveness of oral administration of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) extract on the MDA and SOD levels of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) samples induced by excessive physical activity. The results of date fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera) at 5 ml were more effective at reducing MDA and increasing SOD levels in white mice induced by excessive physical activity than at 3 and 4 ml. The experimental group treated with date fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera) had lower MDA and higher SOD levels than the group given distilled water. Date fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera) contains flavonoids and tannins. Some bioactive substances are antioxidants. Antioxidants can assist the body fight free radicals from excessive physical exertion.

Optimization, Metabolomic Analysis, Antioxidant Potential andDepigmenting Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds fromUnmature Ajwa Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction.

This study sought to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from unmature Ajwa date seeds (UMS), conduct untargeted metabolite identification and assess antioxidant and depigmenting activities. Response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was applied to optimize extraction conditions, including the ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and time. The determined optimal conditions comprised the ethanol concentration (62.00%), extraction time (29.00 min), and extraction temperature (50 °C). Under these conditions, UMS exhibited total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) values of 77.52 ± 1.55 mgGAE/g and 58.85 ± 1.12 mgCE/g, respectively, with low relative standard deviation (RSD%) and relative standard error (RSE%). High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis unveiled the presence of 104 secondary metabolites in UMS, encompassing phenols, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, lignans and fatty acids. Furthermore, UMS demonstrated robust antioxidant activities in various cell-free antioxidant assays, implicating engagement in both hydrogen atom transfer and single electron transfer mechanisms. Additionally, UMS effectively mitigated tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Crucially, UMS showcased the ability to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and suppress key proteins including tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2 (Trp-1 and -2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which associated melanin production in MNT-1 cell. In summary, this study not only optimized the extraction process for polyphenolic compounds from UMS but also elucidated its diverse secondary metabolite profile. The observed antioxidant and depigmenting activities underscore the promising applications of UMS in skincare formulations and pharmaceutical developments.

A Review of the effects Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Ajwa dates on several of E. coli producing extended spectrum beta-lactam

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common disease after respiratory problems, it's also the most common infectious disease on a global scale in the field of health. The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli (E. coli) resistance has led to a significant increase in urinary tract infections (UTIs) globally, this has posed a significant challenge. As a result, numerous investigations have been conducted with the goal of exploring botanical approaches to addressing the effects of antibiotic resistance in bacteria that cause diseases. Antibiotic resistance presents a formidable and pressing global challenge, requiring urgent and pivotal interventions to mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) produce fruits that are popular throughout the world and are a significant part of the dietary culture in the Middle East. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dates have a significant role as a crop that's integral to the country's culture and heritage. The Ajwa date variety is distinguished by its elevated sugar content and large amount of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamines. Its unique chemical composition that exhibits the potential to address multiple microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics. Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah is renowned for its production of rare dates exclusive to the region. Among the most famous types of date fruits found in Al-Madinah are Ajwah, Amberah, Majdool, and Safawi. These varieties are highly sought after for their distinct flavors and exceptional quality, contributing to the city's reputation as a hub for premium date production. The purpose of this review was to Study the effect of extracts from Ajwa date seeds on Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase of E. coli strains.