Airport Security Officers Research Articles

Optimalisasi Pagar Perimeter terhadap Standart Keamanan oleh Petugas Avsec di Daerah Keamanan Terbatas Bandar Udara Internasional Adi Soemarmo Boyolali

A limited security area is an area used for aircraft movement activities, employee or staff movement, and work equipment for flight activities, passenger and baggage movement that will board the aircraft, and vital installations/objects that are directly related to aircraft operations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the perimeter fence of the limited security area of Adi Soemarmo International Airport was in accordance with applicable provisions and what efforts were made by Airport Security officers to meet the perimeter fence standards in the limited security area of Adi Soemarmo Boyolali International Airport. This study uses a qualitative approach with the types and sources of data, namely primary data and secondary data. This research was conducted at Adi Soemarmo Boyolali International Airport and the time of implementation of this research was carried out from August 1 to January 11 at the Airport Security (AVSEC) unit. The results of this study are that the condition of the perimeter fence of the limited security area of Adi Soemarmo International Airport is not in accordance with applicable regulations. This can disrupt flight activities and threaten flight safety. Efforts made by Airport Security officers for security are patrols in the perimeter fence area and approaches to the community to prevent unlawful acts.

Novel odor sensing intelligence and surveillance capabilities in controller-responder robots

The rise in global travel has led to an increased need for heightened security measures at airports. Despite the best efforts of airport security officers, in the past year, hundreds of kilograms of illegal drugs and thousands of agricultural invasive species have found their way into the country, posing a severe threat to public safety and the environment. Moreover, human threats pose a significant risk to civil aviation, reinforcing the need for advanced security technology. In response to these challenges, NOSI (Novel Odor Sensing Intelligence) and ROSI (Reconnaissance Operations Security Intelligence), intelligence surveillance systems consisting of semi-autonomous controller-responder robots, were developed as a proof of concept to supplement the efforts of security and K-9 (police dogs) operators at airports. NOSI is equipped with multi-channel gas sensors for odor detection, enabling it to identify illegal drugs and invasive species in the baggage handling process, while ROSI is equipped with computer vision to identify individuals already in the government’s database of persons of interest. These coordinated robots also provide travelers with important information pertaining to their journey and allow them to trigger emergency alerts. The robots were tested in a custom-designed test bed that replicated both the behind-the-scenes baggage handling and front-office customer service operations of an airport, thus simulating a realistic airport-like setting. Based on design criteria, NOSI and ROSI demonstrated success rates of 73.4 percent and 69.8 percent, respectively. Improvements in areas of robot stability, sensor accuracy, and feature expansion were documented for further development. In conclusion, the NOSI and ROSI framework can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of airport infrastructure monitoring and supplement the capabilities of human and K9 operators. Overall, this approach can potentially revolutionize operations in various infrastructures and represents the future of human-robot collaboration.

Operasi Bedah Plastik Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

The aim to be achieved in the preparation of this research is to find out the views of Islamic Law regarding the Practice of Plastic Surgery and to know the Legal Impact of Plastic Surgery. This type of research is normative legal research. This normative legal research is research on norms that carry out norms on a building system of norms which is meant regarding standards, standards of applicable rules of choice of courts, understandings and conventions (lessons). legitimate. The results of the research show (1) The practice of plastic surgery according to Islamic law is permissible or lawful because there is a health reason that disturbs someone so that it is necessary to make improvements to the body in order to eliminate pain or harm which of course is not allowed plastic surgery is intended to change sex and change parts of the human body to make it look more beautiful. (2) The legal impact on the practice of plastic surgery can be directly or indirectly. It can be seen directly from a health perspective, and indirectly people who have had plastic surgery can avoid taxes, deceive airport security or immigration officers, manipulate data. Conclusions The practice of plastic surgery according to Islamic law is permissible or lawful.

Analisa Penggunaan Mesin X-Ray Sebagai Security System Di Bandara Internasional Husein Sastranegara

Security system is a protection has a structured cycle, meaning that it has been systemized according to its application in the environment according to its field. Security system is formed is because of threats, crimes and others. A security system is needed at certain events and in special places such as malls and airports to maintain the continuity of the event and security can be well maintained. Everyone who comes to the location must have their luggage checked to minimize the presence of sharp objects that endanger or threaten security at the location. Inspection of passenger objects at the airport is one way to protect the safety and security of airplane passengers. The procedure for checking objects carried by passengers is still carried out manually by airport security officers. The goal is to check whether you find sharp objects or illegal drugs in the passenger's bag. The results of this study are the authors know the working principle and operation of x-ray machines, as well as the number and types of x-ray machines used by Husein Sastranegara International Airport. Security system is a protection has a structured cycle, meaning that it has been systemized according to its application in the environment according to its field.Security system is formed is because of threats, crimes and others. A security system is needed at certain events and in special places such as malls and airports to maintain the continuity of the event and security can be well maintained. Everyone who comes to the location must have their luggage checked to minimize the presence of sharp objects that endanger or threaten security at the location. Inspection of passenger objects at the airport is one way to protect the safety and security of airplane passengers. The procedure for checking objects carried by passengers is still carried out manually by airport security officers. The goal is to check whether you find sharp objects or illegal drugs in the passenger's bag. The results of this study are the authors know the working principle and operation of x-ray machines, as well as the number and types of x-ray machines used by Husein Sastranegara International Airport.

Why stop after 20 minutes? Breaks and target prevalence in a 60-minute X-ray baggage screening task

Current EU regulation restricts continuously reviewing X-ray images of passenger baggage to 20-min duration as a precautionary measure to prevent performance decrements in airport security officers (screeners). However, this 20-min limit is not based on clear empirical evidence on how well screeners can sustain their performance over time. Our study tested screeners in a 60-min simulated X-ray cabin baggage screening task. One group took 10-min breaks after 20 min of screening; the other group worked without breaks. We found no decrease in performance over 60 min in either group. Breaks did not affect performance, but they did reduce the amount of subjective distress. By varying target prevalence, we found that da with a slope of about 0.6 is a more valid measure of detection performance than d'. Target prevalence caused a criterion shift. Our results provide a basis for conducting field studies of prolonged screening durations, and open the discussion on whether more flexible break policies and work schedules should be considered.

Effect of technological changes on airport security personnel: age-related analysis

Purpose- The aim of the study is to determine the impact of technological changes on age-based airport security personnel. Due to its strategic importance, airports have the potential to attract danger. There have been terrorist attacks at airports since the early years of aviation. Security control processes have been developed and implemented at airports since the 1970s. The airport security processes vary depending on the threat profiles. With the September 11, 2001 twin tower attacks, the world's aviation security processes have completely changed. Over the last decade, changes in the threat profile have occurred. The main purpose of aviation is to provide service to passengers by creating space and time benefits. The balance of passengers' comfort and safety to be maintained by air depends on the type of threats and the technology used in security. For this reason, large investments are made in the development of security technology at airports. Methodology- 28-item questionnaire was applied to the airport security officers over the internet. 276 security personnel working in airports participated in the study. Age-based analysis was performed using chi-square analysis. In this process, small-scale, relatively simple security systems at the airports, large-scale, high-tech systems were introduced. New technological systems are digital, networked, software oriented and mobile solutions. Although there is a rapid change in airport security technologies, the security personnel and the human element using the technology remain the same. Considering that human factor is the user of technology, the attitude of individuals towards technology is effective in ensuring airport security. Technological change has had a significant impact on the attitudes, behaviors and mental structure of the employees. Technological change causes many psychological effects such as monotony, boredom, fatigue, stress and anxiety. Findings- In the survey conducted to evaluate the approach of airport security personnel to technological change, 67% of security personnel were exposed to technological changes. The respondents defined technology as convenience and convenience (37%), innovation (36.6%) and efficiency (15.2%). Airport security personnel preferred to provide training and courses on the technology to be applied (48.6%) for the adoption of the new technology and 51.4% stated that they adopted the latest technological development applied in airport security in 7 days and under 6 days. 59.8% of the respondents stated that the technological change in airport security brought about an increase in the level of security. Conclusion- As a result of findings, it can be said that the management of technological change is important for organizations. Ensuring security at airports is important in terms of minimizing the psychological, social, economic and physical impacts of technology on security personnel due to the key human factor. Training of security personnel before the technological change to be applied increases the interaction between technology and individual and contributes to the personnel to make appropriate decisions because it recognizes the technology.

Work design for airport security officers: Effects of rest break schedules and adaptable automation

This study investigated whether there is empirical support for the current EU regulation mandating breaks of at least 10 min after each period of 20 min continuously reviewing X-ray images in airport security screening. As a second goal, it examined whether providing more autonomy to airport security officers (in the form of spontaneous rest breaks and adaptable automation) would improve their performance and subjective state. Seventy-two student participants had to indicate the presence (or absence) of a threat item (either a gun or a knife) in a series of grey-scaled X-ray images of cabin baggage. Three work-rest schedules were examined: spontaneous breaks (i.e. participants could take breaks at any time), two 5-min breaks and two 10-min breaks during a 1-h testing session. Furthermore, half of the participants were assisted in their task by an adaptable support system offering three levels of automation: (1) no support, (2) cues indicating the presence of a potential threat item, and (3) cues indicating the exact location of a potential threat item. Results showed no performance differences between break regimes, which suggests that there may be viable alternatives to the current EU regulations. It also emerged that providing participants with adaptable automation did not lead to better detection performance but resulted in a less positive response bias than participants without automatic support. Implications for current aviation security regulations are discussed.

Detecting Bombs in X-Ray Images of Hold Baggage: 2D Versus 3D Imaging.

Objective:This study compared the visual inspection performance of airport security officers (screeners) when screening hold baggage with state-of-the-art 3D versus older 2D imaging.Background:3D imaging based on computer tomography features better automated detection of explosives and higher baggage throughput than older 2D X-ray imaging technology. Nonetheless, some countries and airports hesitate to implement 3D systems due to their lower image quality and the concern that screeners will need extensive and specific training before they can be allowed to work with 3D imaging.Method:Screeners working with 2D imaging (2D screeners) and screeners working with 3D imaging (3D screeners) conducted a simulated hold baggage screening task with both types of imaging. Differences in image quality of the imaging systems were assessed with the standard procedure for 2D imaging.Results:Despite lower image quality, screeners’ detection performance with 3D imaging was similar to that with 2D imaging. 3D screeners revealed higher detection performance with both types of imaging than 2D screeners.Conclusion:Features of 3D imaging systems (3D image rotation and slicing) seem to compensate for lower image quality. Visual inspection competency acquired with one type of imaging seems to transfer to visual inspection with the other type of imaging.Application:Replacing older 2D with newer 3D imaging systems can be recommended. 2D screeners do not need extensive and specific training to achieve comparable detection performance with 3D imaging. Current image quality standards for 2D imaging need revision before they can be applied to 3D imaging.

Closing the Gap: Promoting Suspect Communities’ Cooperation with Airport Security

ABSTRACT In the aftermath of 9/11, aviation security has become a central component of counterterrorism. To mitigate threats whilst maintaining flight schedules, airport security officers require the cooperation of all passengers, but especially of ethnic minorities perceived as posing a potential threat to homeland security, often referred to as “suspect communities.” Passengers from suspect communities are subject to rigorous screening, but are also regarded as a source of information, making their cooperation even more important than that of other passengers. Nevertheless, suspect communities’ cooperation with airport security, and the gap between their attitudes and those of other passengers, have not yet been examined. The current study utilizes a survey of 1970 passengers at the Ben-Gurion airport in Israel, examining passengers’ perceptions of airport security and their willingness to cooperate. We find that passengers belonging to the suspect community of Israeli Muslims were less willing to cooperate with security procedures than all other passengers. However, when controlling for passengers’ perceptions of legitimacy and procedural justice, Israeli Muslims were more willing to cooperate with airport security than Israeli Jews. The findings highlight the importance of legitimacy and procedural justice perceptions in obtaining the cooperation of suspect communities, and suggest practical pathways for improving cooperation.

The Need for an Implant Identification Card at Airport Security Check.

BackgroundJoint replacement surgery is having an increasing demand as national healthcare systems confront an ever ageing population. Surgical complications associated with lower limb arthroplasty are well known but less investigation has been performed examining its effect on air travel, more specifically, unwanted and significant inconvenience caused to travelers going through airport security.MethodsIn lower limb arthroplasty clinics, 50 patients who met our selection criteria were given questionnaires. Ten airport security officers from 4 international airports (London Stansted, London Gatwick, London Heathrow, and Amsterdam Schiphol International Airport) were also given a separate questionnaire. The opinion of the Civil Aviation Authority was also sought.ResultsAll 50 patients (mean age, 70.4 years; range, 55 to 84 years) who were presenting in lower limb arthroplasty clinics and who met our selection criteria volunteered to enter the study. Twenty-eight of these patients were female (mean age, 69.1 years; range, 55 to 84 years) and 22 were male (mean age, 71.2 years; range, 58 to 81 years). Of the patients, 14% stated that their joint replacements did not set off the airport security alarm. Responses were received from 10 airport security officers as well. Six airport security officers were male and 4 were female. All of the airport officers were aware of some form of implant identification card with 90% stating that these were useful to them at airport security. Eight-four percent of the patients stated that an implant identification card outlining what joint replacement they possessed and when this had been done would be very useful. Sixteen percent of the patients did not think a card would be beneficial since all of them had set off the airport alarm system only once or less in their lifetime.ConclusionsIt is the opinion of airport security officers and patients that joint replacement implant identification cards streamline airport security checks and decrease the need for more invasive searches at airport security.

Long-Term Visual Search

Most professional visual searchers (e.g., radiologists, baggage screeners) face an interesting conundrum—they must be highly accurate while also performing in a timely fashion. Airport security personnel, for example, are tasked with preventing any and all dangerous items from getting aboard a plane, but they must also be speedy to keep the passengers flowing through the checkpoint. It is not easy to simultaneously prioritize two primary job requirements (accuracy and speed) that are in direct contrast to one another. While a certain level of error is inevitable in almost any cognitive task, it is arguable that many professional search environments might be even more vulnerable to error given the contradictory goals imposed upon the searchers. As such, it is critical to explore every means possible to minimize mistakes. One critical question when exploring means to improve search performance in professional settings is how do professional searchers develop the ability to search for, and steadily learn to reliably detect, targets. How do searchers improve their search efficacy over the course of repeatedly discovering an item (or by receiving feedback when missing it)? This process of iterative learning across exposures to targets is referred to here as “long-term visual search” (LTVS). To investigate LTVS the current study utilized “big data” from the mobile app Airport Scanner (Kedlin Co.; see Mitroff et al., 2015) to assess search ability improvements. Airport Scanner is a publicly available mobile app, where the users serve as airport security officers looking for prohibited items in simulated X-ray baggage images. Over 10 million users have downloaded the app, creating over 2.6 billion trials of data (see Mitroff et al., 2015). Airport Scanner contains hundreds of different targets—granting the possibility to look at how search performance develops, both generally and item-by-item, across a large number of target types and with immense power. To effectively measure search improvement, only Airport Scanner users with a minimum of 250 target-present trials were included in this study. The first analysis collapsed performance across 26 distinct targets that varied in salience, frequency, and when they were introduced into gameplay. Despite variability, uniform patterns to overall search improvement were found—detection rate and response speed both revealed steep learning curves followed by a uniform plateau in performance. Second, performance assessments were conducted individually on the 26 target items. Specifically, accuracy and response time values were standardized (z-scored) to place items on a level-playing field despite differences in target characteristics (e.g., salience, frequency). There was variability in improvement and peak performance for search accuracy across targets, but very little variability in response time performance. While individual target types led to an array of required target observations to obtain mean accuracy (i.e., reach plateau), there was general uniformity for response time with most items taking approximately 14 target-present trials to reach mean proficiency in search speed. Understanding the development of LTVS is critical for reducing errors in professional visual searches, and the current study demonstrated the iterative nature of learning, providing potential insights for improving training procedures.

Emotional Exhaustion and Job Satisfaction in Airport Security Officers - Work-Family Conflict as Mediator in the Job Demands-Resources Model.

The growing threat of terrorism has increased the importance of aviation security and the work of airport security officers (screeners). Nonetheless, airport security research has yet to focus on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction as major determinants of screeners’ job performance. The present study bridges this research gap by applying the job demands–resources (JD–R) model and using work–family conflict (WFC) as an intervening variable to study relationships between work characteristics (workload and supervisor support), emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction in 1,127 screeners at a European airport. Results of structural equation modeling revealed that (a) supervisor support as a major job resource predicted job satisfaction among screeners; (b) workload as a major job demand predicted their emotional exhaustion; and (c) WFC proved to be a promising extension to the JD–R model that partially mediated the impact of supervisor support and workload on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

공항 보안검색요원의 조직문화와 직무스트레스 및 조직몰입의 관계

공항 보안검색요원의 조직문화와 직무스트레스 및 조직몰입의 관계

Differences in multiple-target visual search performance between non-professional and professional searchers due to decision-making criteria.

Professional visual searches, such as those conducted by airport security personnel, often demand highly accurate performance. As many factors can hinder accuracy, it is critical to understand the potential influences. Here, we examined how explicit decision-making criteria might affect multiple-target search performance. Non-professional searchers (college undergraduates) and professional searchers (airport security officers) classified trials as 'safe' or 'dangerous', in one of two conditions. Those in the 'one=dangerous' condition classified trials as dangerous if they found one or two targets, and those in the 'one=safe' condition only classified trials as dangerous if they found two targets. The data suggest an important role of context that may be mediated by experience; non-professional searchers were more likely to miss a second target in the one=dangerous condition (i.e., when finding a second found target did not change the classification), whereas professional searchers were more likely to miss a second in the one=safe condition.

Different Predictors of Multiple-Target Search Accuracy between Nonprofessional and Professional Visual Searchers

Visual search, locating target items among distractors, underlies daily activities ranging from critical tasks (e.g., looking for dangerous objects during security screening) to commonplace ones (e.g., finding your friends in a crowded bar). Both professional and nonprofessional individuals conduct visual searches, and the present investigation is aimed at understanding how they perform similarly and differently. We administered a multiple-target visual search task to both professional (airport security officers) and nonprofessional participants (members of the Duke University community) to determine how search abilities differ between these populations and what factors might predict accuracy. There were minimal overall accuracy differences, although the professionals were generally slower to respond. However, the factors that predicted accuracy varied drastically between groups; variability in search consistency-how similarly an individual searched from trial to trial in terms of speed-best explained accuracy for professional searchers (more consistent professionals were more accurate), whereas search speed-how long an individual took to complete a search when no targets were present-best explained accuracy for nonprofessional searchers (slower nonprofessionals were more accurate). These findings suggest that professional searchers may utilize different search strategies from those of nonprofessionals, and that search consistency, in particular, may provide a valuable tool for enhancing professional search accuracy.

Perception of health risks of electromagnetic fields by MRI radiographers and airport security officers compared to the general Dutch working population: a cross sectional analysis

BackgroundThe amount of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) at work is mainly determined by an individual's occupation and may differ from exposure at home. It is, however, unknown how different occupational groups perceive possible adverse health effects of EMF.MethodsThree occupational groups, the general Dutch working population (n = 567), airport security officers who work with metal detectors (n = 106), and MRI radiographers who work with MRI (n = 193), were compared on perceived risk of and positive and negative feelings towards EMF in general and of different EMF sources, and health concerns by using analyses of variances. Data were collected via an internet survey.ResultsOverall, MRI radiographers had a lower perceived risk, felt less negative, and more positive towards EMF and different sources of EMF than the general working population and the security officers. For security officers, feeling more positive about EMF was not significantly related to perceived risk of EMF in general or EMF of domestic sources. Feeling positive about a source did not generalize to a lower perceived risk, while negative feelings were stronger related to perceived risk. MRI radiographers had fewer health concerns regarding EMF than the other two groups, although they considered it more likely that EMF could cause physical complaints.ConclusionsThese data show that although differences in occupation appear to be reflected in different perceptions of EMF, the level of occupational exposure to EMF as such does not predict the perceived health risk of EMF.