Airport Expressway Research Articles

Pollutant removal efficiency of mesocosm HSSF-constructed wetlands treating highway runoff with different filter materials and HRT

In this study, cobble-stone (CS) and broke-stone materials were used as filter media in horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) for highway runoff treatment. These wetlands were planted with Phragmites spp. plants. The Lukou viaduct section of the Nanjing airport expressway was selected for collection of highway runoff. The HSSF-CWs were subjected to two hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12 and 24 h with different hydraulic loads and influent flow rate. Based on the results, the CW with broken-stone (BS) substrate achieved significantly higher removal efficiency for SS (75 and 55%), chemical oxygen demand (45 and 50%), NH3-N (78 and 88%), and total phosphorus (77 and 34%) in 12 and 24 h HRT compared with CS substrate wetlands. The CW with CS substrate showed lower removal efficiencies than the BS substrate wetland. The removal efficiencies for Cu, Zn, and Pb for the 12 h HRT were 62, 80, and 9%, respectively, and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr were generally under the standard limits. This work will aid design and improvement of constructed wetlands for small scale treatment of highway runoff.

Protection of Buildings against Damages as a Result of Adjacent Large-Span Tunneling in Shallowly Buried Soft Ground

Lot JC3 of the Xianmen Airport Highway Project in China involved building a twin-tube tunnel with each tube serving three-lane one-way traffic. The existence of 79 overlying buildings brought great challenges to the tunnel construction. To safeguard these buildings, two building blocks located above the nearby tunnel portal were approved by the owner of the project to be the trial blocks. Compensation grouting was adopted for ground settlement compensation at this lot. Free-field compensation grouting tests were conducted to derive the suitable grouting parameters. Pretreatment to reinforce the ground prior to the tunneling passage, concurrent grouting to compensate the excessive settlements during the tunneling passage, and regrouting to uplift the distorted buildings after the tunneling passage were designed to protect the trial blocks. According to the monitoring data of the trial blocks and the ground, the characteristics of the soil-structure interaction were studied and the criteria for the safety of the structures were therefore determined.

Analysis on Optimization Construction Procedures of Small Spacing Tunnel in Xiamen Airport Highway

The small spacing tunnel is a kind of tunnel structural style which situates between ordinary tunnel and double-arch tunnel. It has attracted great attention due to its unique merit. This paper takes Xiamen Airport highway tunnel as an example, considering four different construction steps during small spacing tunnel construction. Author applied MIDAS-GTS software to carry on numerical simulation, the influences of excavating orders of four different construction steps about stratum distortion and stable situation of middle rock pillar are analyzed. The analytical results indicate that construction Step 2 and construction Step 4 can suit actual situation of this project.

Leaving the City: Artist Villages in Beijing

Leaving the City: Artist Villages in Beijing

Distribution Characteristics of Pollutants and Their Mutual Influence in Highway Runoff

AbstractMany environmental pollution issues from highway runoff increasingly become a serious concern, which has been revealed by many previous studies. However, very less information is available on the distribution characteristics of pollutants and their mutual influence in highway runoff. In this paper, the partitioning of pollutant and particle size distribution were investigated based on the initial road runoff of 47 rainfall events from July 2007 to May 2009 on the Lukou section of the Nanjing Airport Expressway, China. This study is emphasizing on the analysis of the mutual impact of pollutant distribution and the relationship between particle size and pollutant distribution. The impact of rainfall characteristics, water temperature, and pH values in runoff samples on the pollutant distribution was also studied. Result shows that partitioning of different pollutants was varying significantly. Volume of particles in different sizes was different, with the highest volume of particles of 21–75 µm size. The distribution of COD highly affected the distribution of TN, and somewhat promoted the distribution of Pb in particles. TP, Pb, and Cd promoted distribution of each other's in particles. There was better competition among Zn, Cu, and Cd, when heavy metals combined with particles. The particles ranged between 21 and 75 µm size had an obvious impact on the distribution of COD, Pb, and TN in the particulate matter. TP in the particulate matter mainly distributed in particles ranged in 151–300 µm size. Rainfall duration significantly affected the Pb in particulate matter. The distribution of Zn in the particulate matter mostly was affected by pH values.

Daya Antibakteri Sari Buah Majapahit (Crescentia cujete L.) terhadap Bakteri Aeromonas salmonicida Secara In Vitro <br><i>[Antibacterial Activity of The Juice Majapahit Fruit (Crescentia cujete L.) To Bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida Against In Vitro]<i>

Abstract Bacteria are single-celled organisms, reproduce by dividing themselves (asexual) that reproduce by way of extending the cell nucleus followed by cell division called binary fission (Prajitno, 2005) and can only be viewed with a microscope because of their small size (Dwijoseputro, 1989 .) One of the bacteria that cause the greatest failures in the cultivation of freshwater fish and sea water is furunculosis (presence of a number of furuncles at the same time) caused by the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida (Cipriano and Bullock, 2001). A. salmonicida is divided into several subspecies, among others, A. salmonicida subspecies salmonicida, subspecies masoucida, subspecies achromogenes and subspecies smithia (Hiney and Olivier, 1999). Fish infected with these bacteria will show symptoms such as fish body color becomes darker, the ability to swim down, resulting haemorrhagic septicemia, the abdomen looks bloated, the eyes and slightly protruding damaged fish (exopthalmia), all damaged fins, and gills become pale and damaged (Buller, 2004). The method used in the research is experimental method. This study aims to determine whether fruit majapahit juice (C. cujete L.) has antibacterial power against bacteria A. salmonicida and find out whether or not sensitive majapahit juice (C. cujete L.) in inhibiting the growth of bacteria A. salmonicida with standard comparator antibiotic kanamycin. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Bacteriology Hall Fish Quarantine Airport Highway Ir. H. Juanda Street No.23, Semambung Village Sedati- Sidoarjo District, East Java Province in February 2011. The results showed that the juice majapahit (C. cujete L.) could inhibit bacterial growth of A. salmonicida against in vitro, but when compared with standard antibiotic kanamycin 30 µg still relatively insensitive to inhibit bacterial growth of A. salmonicida.

Seismic Analysis and Design of Minpu Double-Deck Cable-Stayed Bridge

The Minpu Bridge for the Pudong Airport Expressway is a large double-deck cable-stayed bridge over the Huangpu River, Shanghai. It is also an important structure to link the local road system. The bridge has two towers, double cable planes and composite truss stiffening girder. Its substructure includes piers on drilled piles. Its spans are arranged as: 4×63+708+4×63m,with a total length of 1212m. It becomes the longest double-deck highway cablestayed bridge in the world on its completion. The basic seismic fortification intensity at bridge site is 7 degrees, and there are no specific seismic design codes for such special bridge in China. Therefore, it is very important to carry out the seismic performance study of the Minpu Bridge to ensure the seismic safety. In this paper, the dynamic response simulations of the entire bridge are undertaken on the procedure as following: The first stage is to establish a threedimensional dynamic finite element analytical model to analyze the dynamic characters and seismic response of structure by the methods of response spectrum and nonlinear time-history analysis, then to identify the vulnerable parts of the bridge and to check its seismic capacity according to the seismic performance requirements assigned by owner. Next, to propose the design revision or to develop seismic damping and isolation measures such as viscous dampers parameters and girder-pier lateral restraints to improve the structural seismic performance. At last, according to the results of the dynamic analysis, the suggestions of the bridge design and the seismic safety evaluation of the structure are presented. Application of research results shows that seismic damping and isolation measures described in the paper is feasible, effective and applicable.

Long-term Measurements of Traffic Load Induced Settlement of Pavement Surface in Saga Airport Highway, Japan

Abstract . This study presents the long-term measurements of traffic load induced settlement of pavement surface in Saga airport highway, Japan. In addition, the subground characteristics of the deposit were discussed in associated with their typical properties such as; high sensitivity, high compressibility, and low bearing capacity. The basic features of deposit are characterized to be soft alluvial deposit with thickness 20 - 25 m with natural water contents are much higher than their corresponding liquid limits. Permeability of the salty clay layer is approximated 3 to 5 times of the Ariake clay permeability. The settlement profiles along the Saga airport highway visualized a non uniform differential settlement. Large differential settlement occurred in between the two box culverts supported by end bearing piles. A dynamic impact is considered as one factor affecting the large observed settlement in the central part of the road section between the two box culverts. The observed total settlement was around 0.5 m after 3 years open for traffic; it was mainly accumulated due to consolidation settlement of embankment highway. It can be justified that the settlement induced by traffic loading is approximately around 20% of the total settlement. Abstrak . Studi ini menyajikan hasil pengamatan jangka-panjang penurunan permukaan perkerasan akibat beban lalu lintas di ruas jalan akses ke Bandar Udara Saga, Jepang. Sebagai tambahan, karakteristik dasar deposit tersebut didiskusikan dalam kaitannya dengan tipikal perilakunya seperti; sensitivitas tinggi, kompressibilitas tinggi, dan daya dukung tanah rendah. Perilaku dasar deposit dicirikan endapan lunak dengan ketebalan 20-25 m dengan kadar air natural jauh lebih tinggi dibanding nilai batas cairnya. Nilai permeabilitas pada tataran lapisan lempung-kelanauan diaproksimasikan 3 – 5 kali nilai permeabilitas lempung Ariake pada umumnya. Profil penurunan sepanjang ruas jalan akses ke Bandar Udara Saga menvisualkan penurunan diferensial yang tidak seragam. Penurunan diferensial lebih besar terjadi diantara dua ”box culvert” yang ditopang oleh tiang tipe perlawanan ujung. Impak dinamis dipandang sebagai salah satu faktor berpengaruh terhadap besarnya penurunan terjadi pada bagian tengah ruas jalan antar kedua bangunan ”box culvert” tersebut. Pengamatan total penurunan diperkirakan 0.5 m setelah 3 tahun dibuka untuk lalu lintas; hal itu diakumulasikan terutama akibat penurunan konsolidasi badan jalan. Hal itu dapat dijustifikasikan bahwa penurunan yang ditimbulkan beban lalu lintas diaproksimasikan sekitar 20% dari total penurunan badan jalan.

MAXIMIZATION OF SOCIAL WELFARE CONSIDERED TOLL AND TAX (Incheon International Airport Expressway VS Incheon Bridge)

Based on case study of the Incheon International Airport Expressway that is the first private capital road in South Korea and the Incheon Bridge that will be open for traffic in 2010, we knew the maximization of social welfare considered toll and tax on a point of view social surplus. And considered the strategy situation that Incheon International Airport Expressway and the Incheon Bridge should be calculated the expecting response of competitor under the alternative (choose the toll or tax) is not yet determined each other, what is the best alternative plan, how much the quantity of each social surplus, and what strategy will be maximize social welfare appling the game theory based on Nash Equilibrium.

Magnetic properties of urban soil profile and their significance for traffic pollution-Case study of the capital airport expressway in Beijing

An expressway-side soil profile 22 cm long was sampled from the grassland of the expressway linking Beijing and the Capital International Airport. Magnetic measurements, geochemical and multivariate statistic analyses were performed on the soil samples. The results reveal that the soil profile can be divided into two parts with significant difference in magnetic proxies and heavy metal concentration. The uppermost soil horizon (0–8 cm) represents the pollution-rich layer with higher concentration of ferrimagnetic phases and metallic elements. The values of xare very high with an average of 141.60 × 10−8 m3·kg−1 in the layer. We explain that the anthropogenic dust input from traffic is the predominant cause for strong signals of magnetic phases and heavy metals. Below the profile depth of 8 cm, there is minor pollution in the soil with lower concentration of magnetic minerals and heavy metals compared to the natural background values. χ remains quite stable and relatively low with an average of 49.44 × 10−8 m3·kg−1. S-ratio also generally decreases with depth, and it changes from 0.93 in the 0–8 cm layer to 0.87 below the depth of 8 cm. It indicates that the soil samples are overwhelmingly predominated by ferrimagnetic minerals in the upper part soil, while the contribution of imperfect antiferromagnetic components is stronger in the lower part. Rock magnetic experiments show MD magnetite as the main magnetic carrier both in the upper and lower parts. Themagnetic grain size in the upper part is, however, a bit coarser than that in the lower part. Cluster analysis shows a positive correlation between magnetic properties (χ, ARM, SIRM) and heavy metal pollutants of Pb, Zn, Cu. Fuzzy C-means cluster analysis can clearly help divide the soil profile into two different layers and distinguish their characteristics. It can be concluded that these magnetic concentration-related parameters can be used as proxies for pollution investigation in a fast, sensitive, low-cost and highly efficient approach to screening heavy metal pollution.

Effect of weather conditions to traffic flow on freeway

Traffic speed along a roadway segment is the function of a number of factors like geometry, traffic and weather conditions. In this paper, the effect of weather conditions both the speed-flow and flow-occupancy relationships was studied. The data used in the analysis were obtained from traffic management system installed in the Incheon International Airport Expressway. In order to quantify how seriously weather affects traffic flow conditions, the impact in term of traffic speed was described. Regression analyses were performed to select proper models representing the speed-flow and flow-occupancy relationship for uncongested operation. From the research, weather conditions reduced the slope of flow-occupancy function and caused a downward shift in the speed-flow function. That is, the free flow speeds are reduced. Increase of traffic volume by weather event at the YeongJong Grand Bridge (site2) is much larger than at the BwangHwa Grand Bridge (sitel), which makes travel speed down significantly. The ratio of free flow speed reduction was observed 7% and 2% by snowy and rain, respectively. Meanwhile, the ratio of speed reduction was shown that snowy and rainy night are each 5% and 6% drop. That is, the effect of snowy day and night is similar while the effect of rainy night is larger than rainy day in terms of speed redution In case of site 2, during day time, the ratio of speed reduction was turned out no difference according to weather events like snowy and rainy conditions. However, the ratio of speed reduction during night time was decreased 3% and 7% in each snowy and rainy conditions.

Yongjong Self-anchored Suspension Bridge

The Yongjong Bridge, part of the Inchon International Airport Highway, completed in November 2000, is the world’s largest self-anchored suspension bridge for road and rail. The construction of the Yongjong Bridge began in November 1995 as the first private participation investment project in Korea, after the original design had been completed in December 1993. Originally the towers were designed as a closed diamond type, but were changed to an open diamond type for aesthetic and economic reasons. To improve structural safety and ease of erection, many other structural details such as, anchorage of main cables and hangers, field splice connections of stiffening girder blocks, bearing layouts etc., were changed. For efficient maintenance system of the Yongjong Bridge, detailed inspection and management were made with a real-time monitoring system linked to many sensors. Several sensors were monitored during construction to reflect the differences between the design and actual construction results.