Airline Reservation Research Articles

A morphological analysis of abbreviated English in airline reservation systems.

A morphological analysis of abbreviated English in airline reservation systems.

Relevance of the Queueing Theory to Serviced-Based-Organisations

The paper elucidates on a study concerned with the learning of waiting lines called “Queueing Theory” which is one of the oldest and most widely used quantitative analysis techniques. Waiting lines are occurrences of everyday, affecting people shopping for provisions, petroleum products, making banking deposits/withdrawals, waiting on telephone, available airline reservation and so on. The study has reviewed the three basic components of a queueing - namely; arrivals, service facilities and actual waiting line. This study’s discussions have been made on how queueing analytical models of waiting line dimensions can help Managers, Marketers, Engineers, Leaders and others to evaluate and take effective and efficient decisions on service systems.

Evaluation of Semantic Dependency Labeling Across Domains

One of the key concerns in computational semantics is to construct a domain independent semantic representation which captures the richness of natural language, yet can be quickly customized to a specific domain for practical applications. We propose to use generic semantic frames defined in FrameNet, a domain-independent semantic resource, as an intermediate semantic representation for language understanding in dialog systems. In this paper we: (a) outline a novel method for FrameNet-style semantic dependency labeling that builds on a syntactic dependency parse; and (b) compare the accuracy of domain-adapted and generic approaches to semantic parsing for dialog tasks, using a frame-annotated corpus of human-computer dialogs in an airline reservation domain.

Delayed Purchase Options in Single-Leg Revenue Management

Many airline reservation systems offer the commitment option to their potential passengers. This option allows passengers to reserve a seat for a fixed duration before making a final purchase decision. In this study, we develop single-leg revenue management models that consider such contingent commitment decisions. We start with a dynamic programming model of this problem. This model is computationally intractable as it requires storing a multidimensional state space because of bookkeeping of the committed seats. To alleviate this difficulty, we propose an alternate dynamic programming formulation that uses an approximate model of how the contingent commitments behave and we show how to extract a capacity allocation policy from the approximate dynamic programming formulation. In addition, we present a deterministic linear programming model that gives an upper bound on the optimal expected revenue from the intractable dynamic programming model. As the problem size becomes large in terms of flight capacity and the expected number of arrivals, we demonstrate an asymptotic lower bound for the deterministic linear programming model. Our extensive numerical study indicates that offering commitment options can noticeably increase potential revenue even though offering a contingent commitment option may not always be in the best interest of the airline. Also, our results show that the proposed approximate dynamic programming model coordinates capacity allocation and commitment decisions quite well.

Airosonic Travels Private Limited: staying competitive through IT development

Subject area Information technology (IT) project risks. Study level/applicability This case is suitable for the students who are enrolled in masters or executive programmes in management. Considering the masters programme in management, the case can be introduced in the MIS course in sessions related to IT project risks. The case will also be appropriate for discussion in elective courses, such as IT project management. Here the case can be introduced in discussions related to understanding IT project outsourcing risks. The case will also fit well with the audience of the executive programme in sessions on IT project risks. The assignment questions provided below are designed from the perspective of teaching this case to a business student audience. The case could certainly be adjusted to fit the needs of students in more technical disciplines. Case overview This case presents an organization (Airosonic Travels Private Limited) which was set up in 1988. The organization provided travel-related services (i.e. ticketing, hotels bookings, car rentals and cruises to exotic destinations) to meet the requirements of corporate users such as organization employees, vendors, dealers and customers. The packages were provided though the portal www.corporatetravels.in/. With cut-throat completion from other vendors, the organization acquired the globally preferred airline reservation system Galileo to gain market share in the computer reservation system market. This acquisition, however, led to a series of deliberations on how the new system could be put to use and integrated with the portal so that it helped Airosonic to achieve efficiency in its day-to-day processes. The integration was necessary, as this would entirely eliminate third-party requirements (such as travel agents) and also make travel planning easy, cost-effective and hassle-free. The different alternatives available to the governing body were to develop and manage the entire thing in-house, outsource the development to a third part, or delegate the entire responsibility to the third party. The analysis of the case takes into account the different risks that are associated with each of these decision alternatives and the possible ways forward for the Airosonic management. Expected learning outcomes The objective of this teaching case is as follows: to understand the different risk elements that influence development of a software initiative, to differentiate between different categories of risks including project development risks and project management risks, to appreciate the differences in the types of risks that influence different project execution scenarios such as in-house development and outsourcing and to understand how an organization can address and manage the risks facing a software initiative. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

On a queueing-inventory with reservation, cancellation, common life time and retrial

In this paper we model a queueing-inventory system that has applications in railway and airline reservation systems. Maximum items in the inventory is $$S$$ which have a random common life time; this includes those that are sold in particular cycle. A customer, on arrival to an idle server with at least one item in inventory, is immediately taken for service; or else he joins the buffer of maximum size $$S$$ depending on number of items in the inventory (the buffer capacity varies and is, at any time, equal to the number of items in the inventory). The arrival of customers constitutes a Poisson process, demanding exactly one item each from the inventory. If there is no item in the inventory, the arriving customer first queue up in a finite waiting space of capacity $$K$$ . When it overflows an arrival goes to an orbit of infinite capacity with probability $$p$$ or is lost forever with probability $$1-p$$ . From the orbit he retries for service according to an exponentially distributed inter-occurrence time. The service time follows an exponential distribution. Cancellation of sold items before its expiry is permitted. Inventory gets added through cancellation of purchased items, until the expiry time. Cancellation time is assumed to be negligible. We analyze this system. Several performance characteristics are computed; expected sojourn time of the system in a cycle with “no inventory” and also “maximum inventory” are computed. Some illustrative numerical examples are presented. An optimization problem is numerically analyzed.

Enhancing Airlines Operations through ICT Integration into Reservation Procedures: An Evaluation of Its Prospects in Nigeria

Aims: The need to counter the challenges posed by manual reservation system became increasingly imperative as the complexity and demand for air travel expanded. The development of computerized reservation system ca me as management solution to the increasing number of commercial airline companies which put more pressure on their management to continually seek profits, reduce cost, and increase revenues in a competitive environment that only provides marginal profit. This study objective is to find out if there is any relationship between the use of Airline Reservation System and the performance of an airline . Th e study attempts to evaluate the impact of ICT enhanced reservation procedures on the performance of airline industries with a hope that the information provided will guide airline operators and policy makers in their bid to sustain productivity and maintain efficiency.

An Overview of NLIDB Approaches and Implementation for Airline Reservation System

Relational databases are queried using database query languages such as SQL. Natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDB) are systems that translate a natural language sentence into a database query. In this modern techno-crazy world, as more and more laymen access various systems and applications through their smart phones and tablets, the need for Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs) has increased manifold. The challenges in Natural language Query processing are interpreting the sentence correctly, removal of various ambiguity and mapping to the appropriate context. Natural language access problem is actually composed of two stages Linguistic processing and Database processing. NLIDB techniques encompass a wide variety of approaches. The approaches include traditional methods such as Pattern Matching, Syntactic Parsing and Semantic Grammar to modern systems such as Intermediate Query Generation, Machine Learning and Ontologies. In this report, various approaches to build NLIDB systems have been analyzed and compared along with their advantages, disadvantages and application areas. Also, a natural language interface to a flight reservation system has been implemented comprising of flight and booking inquiry systems. General Terms Natural Language Processing (NLP), Natural Language Interface to Databases (NLIDB)

Prefrontal control and internet addiction: a theoretical model and review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings.

Most people use the Internet as a functional tool to perform their personal goals in everyday-life such as making airline or hotel reservations. However, some individuals suffer from a loss of control over their Internet use resulting in personal distress, symptoms of psychological dependence, and diverse negative consequences. This phenomenon is often referred to as Internet addiction. Only Internet Gaming Disorder has been included in the appendix of the DSM-5, but it has already been argued that Internet addiction could also comprise problematic use of other applications with cybersex, online relations, shopping, and information search being Internet facets at risk for developing an addictive behavior. Neuropsychological investigations have pointed out that certain prefrontal functions in particular executive control functions are related to symptoms of Internet addiction, which is in line with recent theoretical models on the development and maintenance of the addictive use of the Internet. Control processes are particularly reduced when individuals with Internet addiction are confronted with Internet-related cues representing their first choice use. For example, processing Internet-related cues interferes with working memory performance and decision making. Consistent with this, results from functional neuroimaging and other neuropsychological studies demonstrate that cue-reactivity, craving, and decision making are important concepts for understanding Internet addiction. The findings on reductions in executive control are consistent with other behavioral addictions, such as pathological gambling. They also emphasize the classification of the phenomenon as an addiction, because there are also several similarities with findings in substance dependency. The neuropsychological and neuroimaging results have important clinical impact, as one therapy goal should enhance control over the Internet use by modifying specific cognitions and Internet use expectancies.

<b>A comparative study between MFCC and LSF coefficients in automatic recognition of isolated digits pronounced in Portuguese and English</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v35i4.19825

Recognition of isolated spoken digits is the core procedure for a large number of applications which rely solely on speech for data exchange, as in telephone-based services, such as dialing, airline reservation, bank transaction and price quotation. Spoken digit recognition is generally a challenging task since the signals last for a short period of time and often some digits are acoustically very similar to other digits. The objective of this paper is to investigate the use of machine learning algorithms for spoken digit recognition and disclose the free availability of a database with digits pronounced in English and Portuguese to the scientific community. Since machine learning algorithms are fully dependent on predictive attributes to build precise classifiers, we believe that the most important task for successfully recognizing spoken digits is feature extraction. In this work, we show that Line Spectral Frequencies (LSF) provide a set of highly predictive coefficients. We evaluated our classifiers in different settings by altering the sampling rate to simulate low quality channels and varying the number of coefficients.

REVIEW OF DATABASE AND PROMINENT PROGRAMMES

Databases and database systems have become an essential component of everyday life in modern society. In the course of a day, most of us encounter several activities that involve some interaction with a database. For example, if we go to the bank to deposit or withdraw funds, if we make a hotel or airline reservation, if we access a computerized library catalog to search for a bibliographic item, or if we buy some item such as a book, toy, or computer- form on internet vendor through it Web page, there might be chances that our activities will involve someone or some computer program accessing a database, even purchasing items from a supermarket nowadays in many cases involves an automatic update of the database that keeps the inventory of supermarket items. So in this paper we will talk about how to manage the different type of data involved in any form in the database.

The role and potential of global distribution system Amadeus for tourism development at the global level

Globalization, development and implementation of new technologies, new consumer trends, concern for the natural environment and other factors, have emphasized the diversity and complexity of the tourism industry. For these reasons, the tourism industry in recent years has focused its activities towards the information and technological infrastructure and global electronic connection in order to overcome border barriers and establish relationships with providers and tourists as well as with travel agencies and tour-operators. The development of information technology and evolution of airline reservation systems of individual airlines have led to the development of the Global Distribution Systems (GDS), recognized as a worldwide computerized reservation network that electronically connects the tourist offer with the tourist demand. As a result of the recognized challenge tourism has been facing in recent years, the main goal of this review would be to emphasize the role and importance of the leading GDS Amadeus in order to highlight its potential for the tourism development at the global level. The research and methodology of this review are based on the analysis of data collected from primary and secondary sources, through which we shall, by using deductive approach to theoretical assumptions and analytical approach to quantitative indicators, reach significant individual findings. At the end of the review through summary conclusions, we shall attempt to give a scientific justification of the research, and draw attention to the importance of continuous monitoring and adjustment to changes in the tourism market, in order to highlight the main potential of information technology applications for tourism development.

Airport check-in counter assignment: a proposed solution

The recent global economic recession and adverse environmental impact have seriously shocked the airline industry. An important task for many airlines is to increase competitiveness. An extremely time-consuming check-in process, especially during peak hours, can significantly degrade passenger perceptions of service quality. Thus, improving the efficiency of check-in counters at airport passenger terminals is a major concern of airport operators and airlines. For example, improving the efficiency of counter assignments by airline reservation systems would reduce manpower needs and enhance operational efficiency. The objective of this study was to establish the operating pattern for airport check-in counter assignments by minimising the operational cost from incurred by the airline and maximising passenger service level with considering the use of kiosk machine and full/part-time duty counter staff. According to the experimental results and sensitivity analyses of actual airline operations data, employing part-time counter staff and using kiosk machines would significantly reduce counter operation cost and improve passenger service quality.

A Study to Examine If Integration of OTAs Features can Make SBTs More Flexible Online Airline Reservation Systems?

A Study to Examine If Integration of OTAs Features can Make SBTs More Flexible Online Airline Reservation Systems?

Estimating unconstrained customer choice set demand: A case study on airline reservation data

A good demand forecast should be at the heart of every Revenue Management model. Yet most demand models do not incorporate customer choice behavior under offered alternatives. We are using the ideas of customer choice sets to model the customer's buying behavior. The demand estimation method, as described in Haensel and Koole (2011), is based on maximum likelihood and the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. The main focus of the paper is the application case on real airline reservation data. The reservation data, consisting of the airline's daily flight offers, is used to unconstrain the underlying customer demand in terms of price sensitivity. Using this demand information per choice sets, the revenue manager obtains a clear view of the real underlying demand.

Predicting the software performance during feasibility study

Performance is an important non-functional attribute to be considered for producing quality software. Software performance engineering (SPE) is a methodology having significant role in software engineering to assess the performance of software systems early in the lifecycle. Gathering performance data is an essential aspect of SPE approach. The authors have proposed a methodology to gather data during feasibility study by exploiting the use case point approach, gearing factor and COCOMO model. The proposed methodology is used to estimate the performance data required for performance assessment in the integrated performance prediction process (IP3) model. The gathered data is used as the input for solving the two models, (i) use case performance model and (ii) system model. The methodology is illustrated with a case study of airline reservation application. A regression analysis is carried out to validate the response time obtained in the use case performance model. The analysis shows the proposed estimation can be used along with performance walkthrough in data gathering. The performance metrics are obtained by solving the system model, and the behaviour of the hardware resources is observed. Bottleneck resources are identified and the performance parameters are optimised using sensitivity analysis.

The changing border: developments and risks in border control management of Western countries

In recent decades we have witnessed the development of a new type of migration regulation and border control in Europe, North America and Australia. In this new system of controls, the focus is less on the physical crossing of territorial borders and more on the process as a whole; from airline reservations, ticketing and visa applications to monitoring individuals after arriving in the country of destination. The developing mode of border control encompasses a multiplication of borders, a multiplication of actors and a multiplication of data and technology. The question arises: Does the new form of border management in Western countries bring forward the aims of border control more effectively and does it entail new risks (for visitors/migrants)? In this article I will first outline a normative framework for evaluating current developments in border control, building on studies in political theory and the philosophy of law. I then substantiate my claim that a new type of border control is developing and present an overview of three interconnected multiplications. Next, using findings from empirical and legal studies, (likely) consequences of the multiplications will be presented. Linking these consequences to the normative framework allows us, finally, to point out risks of the currently developing system of border control. Points for practitioners In recent decades Western countries have introduced new measures of border control, including new technologies and new types of agents in new roles. Together, these new measures make for a new type of global border control management. Our evaluation of this development shows that it entails new types of risks, and that these risks are likely to increase if this type of management develops further along the same lines. This analysis calls for a reorientation on instruments of border control leading to a more encompassing type of risk management in this field.

Business Logic Model for Web Service Source Control Management

In the present world of ever-changing and dynamic technologies, web service is an entity that needs the most frequent changes in order to attract and retain customers, as well as to streamline the operations and to reduce the costs in doing business. Typically, the ability to change fast is enabled even encouraged by technology. These web services have to be updated in run-time that increases the complexity of the service maintainability process. The services provided most of the time do not meet the customers’ requirements and have to be changed periodically. The demands mainly focus on fine-tuning of the web services without affecting the core functionality and QoS parameters of the web services. The fine-tuned changes made by the developer can also lead to exponential problems as the solution of a particular service can lead to a need for another change. Thus, finding a solution for the change does not prove fruitful in long term but there is a need for ensuring successful service computation and better maintenance. The service computation is determined by the computability criteria which include computability, traceability, dependability, configurability and exception handling. These computability criteria are the pillars of the web service, which determine whether the web services do not spring up any side effects when any modification is made as per the customers’ complaints. There is no standard model which carries out the above given functions effectively and therefore the proposed business logic model (BLM) channelizes its functions to monitor and analyze the changes made towards the source code of the web service computing environment by the developer. This impact analysis between the existing and modified source code is done through the comparison of the cellular pattern which is generated by the BLM. This cellular pattern gives us complete structure about the web service and thus proves to be helpful in evaluating the computability criteria. We have carried out an experiment to analyze a sample web service in the airline reservation domain and even evaluate its computability criteria thereby providing the results that the computability criteria of the modified source code are maintained. The model can be further extended in the future to automate the generation of the cellular pattern which reduces the service developers overhead and give a statistical historical background to the service change factor. The automation of the cellular generation also gives confidence to the service developer that he is advancing in the right path. The full text of the article is not available in the cache. Kindly refer the IJCA digital library at www.ijcaonline.org for the complete article. In case, you face problems while downloading the full-text, please send a mail to editor at editor@ijcaonline.org

Development of a mobile airline reservation and payment system

Airline Reservation in developing countries is carried out either manually or electronically. Either methods, reservation and payment operations are done in piece-meal fashion; this is cost prohibitive, time consuming and tedious leading to inefficiency. We present an integrated mobile airline reservation and payment system. Ours is a Client/Proxy/Server system with the proxy layer serving as mobility-aware middle layer providing real-time self service support. The study shows that mobile technology is matured for airline operators in developing countries as an avenue to improve efficiency, reduce operation costs, improved revenue generation and provision of value-added customer service for airline passengers.

To What Extent Should National Security Interests Override Privacy in a Post 9/11 World

September 11, 2001, and the subsequent bombings in Madrid and London in 2004 and 2005, made it clear that no country was immune from terrorism. In the wake of those attacks, nations united to implement programmes to track terrorists and prevent future attacks. Leading the worldwide effort was the US with its programmes to screen travellers through airline reservation systems, mine data of unsuspecting telecommunication company customers, and track and intercept banking communications. As these programmes came to light (often through leaks to the press), many were criticised both in the US and overseas as invading privacy and violating laws. Some of these programmes have been challenged in courts in the US and Europe, others have been scaled back, restructured, or discontinued. The question is: Do these programmes actually work and, even if they do, are they worth the cost to privacy interests?