Air Craft Research Articles

Prediction on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged Ni-based super alloy by optimization using genetic algorithms

Recently, it has been more important to realize higher combustion temperature of a gas turbine for air crafts. In order to attain that, it is necessary the material gets an excellent mechanical property like tensile strength. The grain size of the material has a large influence on the mechanical property. Therefore it is imperative to predict recrystallization behavior under hot forging and heat treatment for controlling the grain size. In this study, we focused on Alloy 718 of Ni-based superalloy and developed a prediction model for the fractions of dynamic recrystallization and the grain size under hot forging. The calculated results are good agreements with experimental results of the fractions of dynamic recrystallization and grain size.

Compressors for Hyper-Sonic Engines —A Theoretical Study of Future Compressors for Hyper Sonic Engines

This paper is an eye opening to the new horizon of the design of operational Compressors in our jet engines. That are compressors usually perform an operation called isentropic process and which levitate the pressure and temperature to the optimum level which require for effective ignition. Basically, our compressors have several sets of blades to perform this function, more precisely saying Rotor and stator blades. Where rotor blade provides air molecule to push at very high velocity to the Stationary blade and when the air Enders to the Stator, the stator races its pressure to move on to the next stage. And we call this set of Stator and rotor as a stage ref [1]. However, in this work, I consider the geometry of the incoming air molecule and how it transforms its physical quantities such as Pressure and temperature ref [2]. For that I tie the concept of Thermodynamic and mechanics on the platform of Tensor analysis ref [3]. That is, I consider the quantities like Pressure, Temperature and rate of flow are their corresponding vector spaces and energy related quintets like heat, work as the scaling elements on the above vector space. And quantities such as entropy enthalpy and specific heat capacity are corresponding physics of it. Considering the advantages, one of the important advantages of this approach is the applicability of results of this work to the formulation of blade less compression Example: Ram and Scram jet engine. Again, the relevant upgrading which is essential for future hypersonic air crafts can achieve from this study and this will be a mile stone for bright air and space travel. To conclude, this approach will be a great transformation on the conventional idea for realization of compression for operational Scram and Ram jet engines ref [4] [5].

Welds’ Quality of Aluminium Alloy Components of Military Aircraft Executed by Arc Welding Method

Abstract The paper presents the problems arising in the process of repairs of aircraft (AC) components made of aluminium alloys during arc welding with the TIG (tungsten inert gas) method. The paper provides information on the rules applicable in the welding process qualification. The procedure algorithm when qualifying the welding process was presented in accordance with PN-EN ISO 15614-2. The main causes and factors affecting the formation of defects and welding imperfections were described and classified. The principles of preparing the components for welding and selection of a binder were discussed. The issue of effect of the welding parameters on the formation of defects and welding imperfections in relation to PN-L-01426 standard was raised. The application of computed tomography in assessment of the welded joints was described and tomograms from tests of butt welds of aluminium alloys made of the AW 5754 grade aluminium alloy were presented. On the example of the tomograms, the welding imperfections and defects formed in the tested joints were discussed. The usefulness of computed tomography in assessment of the welds’ quality was shown.

“Artificial Rainmaking by using high power laser initiation endothermic reaction, in a way of Natural Lightning Phenomena through Air Craft, in a large scale, in the atmosphereâ€

After lightning, precipitation is formed by endothermic reaction and ionization process in the atmosphere, it is well known process. These same natural lighting phenomena occur in the atmosphere by high power laser which creates artificial lightning. We intend to create artificial rain by initiating endothermic reactions in the cloud using high power laser pulse which creates artificial lightning  through Air Craft.Natural Lightning Phenomena, practically proved in the laboratory, as high power laser induce condensation & water drops formation and also observed NO & O3 formation after laser which is endothermic reactions. It is well known that, in the laboratory, high power laser induce condensation and water drops are formed. This novel technology also proved in the atmosphere, “Laser assisted water drops formation in the atmosphere”. Now, it’s used in large scale in the atmosphere by three air craft with high power laser which creates artificial lightning, proposed  in this Research Project ProposalIn the atmosphere ,after lightning ,heavy rain fall occurs .In lightning phenomena condensation takes place by initiating endothermic reactions and water drops formed ,these  water drops collide with each other due to acceleration and  turbulence by wind force to form big rain drops ,these rain drops act as natural seeding for another sets of rain drops . In this way, chain process occurs with heavy rain fall.Above lightning phenomena, may be used for artificial rain making by using high power plasma laser pulse (Technology available in market) in the atmosphere, through Air Craft’s (available in Market).The advantage of this method is, it is environmentally clean, one time investment so it is economical, can be turned on and off at will, and can be precisely positioned. It will be movable one place to another place easily. It will be used no’s of times and no’s of places, It is one time investment only .Our aim is to create artificial rainmaking by high power laser pulse which creates artificial lightning in the atmosphere, at any place, at any time, as per our human need, for green revolution, in the whole world, If the humidity more than 65% available in the atmosphere. In this proposal, we are presenting “To Design Artificial Rainmaking by using High power laser initiation endothermic reaction, in a way of Natural Lightning Phenomena through Air Craft, in large scale, with needful quantity in the atmosphere”.* International Publication Patent No -- WO/2008/062441 and Revised International Application No.PCT/IN2017/000105Indian Patent Number – 238000 and Revised Indian Patent File Number 201721008920

CFD ANALYSIS ON RADIALCOOLING OF GAS TURBINE BLADE

Gas turbines are extensively used for air craft propulsion, land based power generation and industrial applications. Thermal efficiency of gas turbine improved by increasing turbine rotor inlet temperature. The current rotor inlet temperature in advanced gas turbine is for above the melting point of blade material. A sophisticated cooling scheme must be developed for continuous safe operation of gas turbines with high performance. Gas turbines are cooled externally and internally. Several methods have been suggested for the cooling of blades and vanes. The techniques that involve to cool the blades and vanes by using cooling methods is to have radial holes to pass high velocity cooling air along the blade span. In this thesis, a turbine blade is designed and modelled in CATIA v5and ICEM CFDsoftware. The turbine blades are designed using cooling holes. The turbine blade is designed with 12 holes. CFD analysis is done to determine the pressure distribution, velocity, temperature distribution and heat transfer rate by applying the inlet velocities. Thermaland Structural analysis is done to determine the heat transfer rates and strength of the blade. The present used material for blade is chromium steel. In this thesis, itis replaced with Titanium aluminium alloy. The better material for blade is analyzed

Evaluating the Modern Airlines Maintenance Parts Supply Chain Reliability and Effectiveness

The estimation of RFID in the support of supply chains of aircraft parts is of growing interest and is analyzed, especially in the proposed analytical model of this paper. This model helps us pick up a superior comprehension of the connections between different expenses brought about and the RFID impact on an aircraft support following procedure. Utilizing a RFID system, the company specialized in aircraft parts can accumulate savings. For this we need to consider that technology can remove inaccuracy in inventory delays brought about by mishandling in the component repair. This contextual analysis represents wonder through the utilization of numerical suppositions, highlighting the advantages of RFID. Furthermore, the estimation of RFID in aircraft maintenance is assessed utilizing sensitivity analysis, as per the parameters of the model of expense decreases in misusing repair parts and inventory control. The discoveries support the industry acceptance of RFID innovation, demonstrating that this is beneficial to support organizations of aircraft parts. Finally, in this paper we are considering the mishandling of the damaged parts of the air craft and also the cost reduction and the mishandling of the inventory parts. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out for the parameters that are used for the decrease in the utilizing the parts, cost reduction and the inventory control.

Pelanggaran Kedaulatan Indonesia oleh Pesawat F-18 Hornet Milik Amerika Serikat (Ditinjau Dari Konvensi Chicago Tahun 1944 Dan Konvensi Hukum Laut Tahun 1982)

The sovereignty is the highest attribute of a state that shoul be respected by another states. In any situation it must not be violated by others but the result of this research shows that F-18 Hornet air craft is state air craft has done a sovereignty collision over Indonesian air space with fly without permission of Indonesian government and made some manuver in civil flight line that endangered the safety of navigation of civil air craft aviation. This reserch also shows that the military strenght of USA is bigger than Indonesian’s, influence the sovereignty colission over Indonesian air space, made by F-18 Hornet. Therefore in the international relationship between states, then diplomatic settlement is the best way to choose. Beside that, it is important to determine the limit between air space and outer space, then coul be knew how far the souvereingty of a state over air space.

Optimization of parameters of a hub aircraft ground handling system on the basis of a fuzzy-controller simulation model

The paper deals with the problem of determining the optimum amount of technological resources of a hub functional subsystem, performing ground handling of aircraft (AC) for purposes of a chosen process step. A simulation model is proposed to be used for the optimization. The simulation model takes into account the peculiarities of the hub work activity and includes a fuzzy controller (FC) that reflects the logic of the airport controller who manages the process of aircraft ground handling. A model example of the solution of an optimization problem is presented. The example indicates the possibility and feasibility of using a fuzzy controller to model a human operators strategy.

Making MATB-II medical: Pilot testing results to determine a novel lab-based, stress-inducing task

The purpose of this project was to adapt an existing computer-based task called Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB-II), developed by NASA and frequently used to induce acute stress among air craft crew members and general populations, for use in medical populations. We gathered continuous electrocardiography (ECG) data while medical students completed four different versions of the MATB-II of varying difficulties alongside questions probing medical knowledge, comprising a new task called medically-focused multitasking game (MFMG). After completing each version, participants responded to questionnaires to assess subjective states of stress (State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults) and cognitive workload (NASA Task Load Index). Responses to these questionnaires, physiological data from continuous ECG, and overall performance scores were combined to determine one version of MFMG that represented the highest level of elicited stress, and one that represented the lowest level of elicited stress. The results of this pilot study are promising, and have converged to reveal one high-stress and one low-stress version of MFMG, which will later be used to induce acute stress in biofeedback intervention studies among surgical residents and fellows. Beyond this specific application, MFMG can have broader applications in measuring acute stress induction and/or reduction among populations of healthcare practitioners.

Aerial object ranging based on goniometric data in an airborne single-position passive optoelectronic system

A method is proposed for determining motion parameters of an aerial object using a passive optoelectronic system when an aircraft (AC) performs a special maneuver. The method is based on measuring the azimuth and elevation of the aerial object, as well as the AC’s own coordinates at three path points: two measurements on the straight-and-level segment and one measurement after the maneuver. The method does not violate the tactical situation and makes it possible to maintain optical contact with the object during the maneuver. The method is modeled. The accuracy characteristics are estimated. The validation procedure for determining an aerial object’s motion parameters is proposed.

Evaluating the Modern Airlines Maintenance Parts Supply Chain Reliability and Effectiveness

The estimation of RFID in the support of supply chains of aircraft parts is of growing interest and is analyzed, especially in the proposed analytical model of this paper. This model helps us pick up a superior comprehension of the connections between different expenses brought about and the RFID impact on an aircraft support following procedure. Utilizing a RFID system, the company specialized in aircraft parts can accumulate savings. For this we need to consider that technology can remove inaccuracy in inventory delays brought about by mishandling in the component repair. This contextual analysis represents wonder through the utilization of numerical suppositions, highlighting the advantages of RFID. Furthermore, the estimation of RFID in aircraft maintenance is assessed utilizing sensitivity analysis, as per the parameters of the model of expense decreases in misusing repair parts and inventory control. The discoveries support the industry acceptance of RFID innovation, demonstrating that this is beneficial to support organizations of aircraft parts. Finally, in this paper we are considering the mishandling of the damaged parts of the air craft and also the cost reduction and the mishandling of the inventory parts. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out for the parameters that are used for the decrease in the utilizing the parts, cost reduction and the inventory control.

RETRACTED: Design and thermal analysis of cooling of Gas turbine blade through radial holes

Abstract Gas turbines are extensively used for air craft propulsion, land based power generation and industrial applications. Thermal efficiency of a gas turbine can be improved by increasing turbine the rotor inlet temperature. The current rotor inlet temperature in advanced gas turbine is far above the melting point of blade material. So a sophisticated cooling system must be developed for continuous safe operation of gas turbines with high performance. Several methods have been suggested for the coolingof blades and one such technique is to have radial holes to pass high velocity cooling air along theblade span. The present work is carried out by performing the heat transfer analysis of gas turbine with four differentmodels consisting of blade with, without holes and blades with varying number of holes (5, 9&13). The analysis is carried out using commercial CFD software FLUENT. On evaluating the graphs drawnfor total heat transfer rate and temperature distribution, the blade with 13 holes is considered to be moreoptimum. The Steady state thermal and structural analysis is done using ANSYS software withdifferent blade materials such as Chromium steel and N155. While comparing the results, N155 has proved to have better thermal properties and also induced stresses are less than the Chromium steel.

Experimental Analysis of Wire Mesh Heat Sink by Forced Convection

In the study of heat transfer, fin is a surface that extended from an object to intensify the rate of convective heat transfer to or from the body or system by increasing heat transfer area. Fins are extensively used in air cooled automobile engines, air craft engines, cooling of generators, motors, transformers, refrigerators, cooling of computer processors and other electronic devices etc. The present paper reports an experimental study to investigate the heat transfer enhancement over horizontal flat surface with wire mesh rectangular fin arrays by forced convection. In this paper steady state forced convection from wire mesh fin array mounted on base plate is experimentally investigated. Mild steel heat sink with different specifications of wire mesh fins is fabricated and tested to quantify heat transfer rate and estimate heat transfer coefficient. Fin thickness varies from 1mm, 1.2mm, and 1.6mm. Effect of fin height, fin thickness, average and base heat transfer coefficient is experimentally determined. Effect of fin height and fin thickness over forced convection is reported.

Numerical and Experimental Study of Gas Turbine Rotor

This paper presents the results of experimental study of gas turbine rotor of Air craft, Marine, wind turbine rotor etc. The natural frequency of gas turbine rotor using Holzer’s method same are compared with the results that are obtained through a well known software based approach of FFT Analyzer. Rotors employed for transmitting motion are manufacturing using mild steel as it offers better stiffness and economical conditions under damping conditions. Mild steel as it resists tortional loads and bending loads more efficiency are more effectively. In this paper natural frequency of the gas turbine rotor predicted according to numerical results will be compared with experiential results.

Numerical Analysis of Twisted Aerofoil Gas Turbine Blade

This paper presents the results of numerical analysis of twisted Aerofoil gas turbine blade. The natural frequency of gas turbine blade is evaluated by adopting Holzers method. It is of major important to analyze the shape of the blade, as it influences several parameters like vibrations responses of the assembly. Twist is provided to the Aerofoil blade to make it more efficient. Blade is manufactured with aluminum alloy as it exhibits good strength, toughness, workability, formability. These blades are also widely employed as propellers of the air craft, radiator fans, wind turbine blades etc. the natural frequency of the turbine blades is computed by adopting holzers method which calculation of torsioanl stiffness of individual blades and polar moment of inertia as well as mass moment of inertia. In this paper, the natural frequency obtained through Holzers technique is analyzed so as to improve the efficiency of turbine.

Experimental Studies for Visualization of Flow with Boundary Layers in an Axial Compressor Fan Inlet using Pressure Probes

Flow at inlet of fan in an axial compressor must be one dimensional as developed flow so that angular momentum fed by the fan to incoming air is maximum. It is possible with good inlet design and optimum inlet length where we obtain stream line flow into fan with nominal boundary layer thickness. Distortion to the flow at fan inlet in an axial compressor is unavoidable problem. For example in aircraft gas turbine engine; flow at inlet of fan is distorted due to maneuvering of air craft, strong cross winds and atmospherics turbulence at inlet of compressor. Flow at inlet of fan affects boundary layer and hence the performance of compressor. Therefore, visualization of flow with boundary layers in an axial ducted fan setup is carried out for well-defined inlet conditions using pressure probes. To visualize the flow with boundary layer development at the fan inlet, static and stagnation pressure are measured throughout the inlet passage of duct using static and pitot probe and velocity is calculated across the given reference planes of duct using Bernoulli’s equation. Using these data, profile plots are drawn and mathematical models are developed and flow with boundary layer is analyzed. Under normal inlet flow condition flow in the duct inlet is axisymmetric, steady, turbulent and incompressible. Boundary layer develops consistently towards the fan inlet and it is nominal.

Embedded Electronics and Their effect on Wet Layup Substrates

The estimation of RFID in the support of supply chains of aircraft parts is of growing interest and is analyzed, especially in the proposed analytical model of this paper. This model helps us pick up a superior comprehension of the connections between different expenses brought about and the RFID impact on an aircraft support following procedure. Utilizing a RFID system, the company specialized in aircraft parts can accumulate savings. For this we need to consider that technology can remove inaccuracy in inventory delays brought about by mishandling in the component repair. This contextual analysis represents wonder through the utilization of numerical suppositions, highlighting the advantages of RFID. Furthermore, the estimation of RFID in aircraft maintenance is assessed utilizing sensitivity analysis, as per the parameters of the model of expense decreases in misusing repair parts and inventory control. The discoveries support the industry acceptance of RFID innovation, demonstrating that this is beneficial to support organizations of aircraft parts. Finally, in this paper we are considering the mishandling of the damaged parts of the air craft and also the cost reduction and the mishandling of the inventory parts. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out for the parameters that are used for the decrease in the utilizing the parts, cost reduction and the inventory control.

Application of FPGA Controller in Multidevice Interleaved DC/DC Boost Converter for Air Craft Electrical Systems

Background/Objectives: In this paper we study Two pole–Two phase and Four pole-Three phase Multidevice interleaved DC/DC boost converter with FPGA controller to achieve high performance for Aircraft Electrical systems where there is need of high efficiency, high thermal capability with power density. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Interleaved DC/DC boost converter has been usage in the power electronics circuits due to its inherent quality of huge reduction in source current ripple and output ripple voltage due to the interleaving of the input supply and multi devices. Findings: Multidevice Interleaved DC/DC boost converter has found huge applications due to its advantages like reduced size due to reduction in contribution current and output voltage ripple thereby reducing size of filter machineries. In addition to above advantages low EMI and low electric hassle in switching can be achieved. Application/Improvements: In this study employ Electric Motor to power the Aircraft and Batteries to supply power during Night flights connect via Bi-directional DC/DC converter.

Drones, nuevos panoramas para la aviación: análisis comparativo de la normatividad internacional frente a la normatividad colombiana

El propósito de este artículo de investigación de tipo documental-descriptiva es realizar un análisis comparativo de las normas aéreas establecidas por entidades internacionales como la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI), la Agencia Europea de Seguridad Aérea (EASA), la Administración Federal de Aviación (FAA) y la Autoridad Civil de Aviación (CAA), frente a la normatividad implementada por la Unidad Administrativa Especial Aeronáutica Civil (UAEAC) en cuanto a la regulación de operaciones aéreas con aeronaves conocidas como drones, generando nuevos peligros para la aviación tradicional en espacios aéreos congestionados, debido a un aumento en el uso de drones a causa de la innovación y creatividad del ser humano en la generación de nuevas soluciones tecnológicas (Thomas, 2015). Finalmente, se pretende establecer una contribución normativa al programa de prevención de accidentes de Aeronaves Remotamente Tripuladas (ART), afianzando de esta manera un sistema de seguridad operacional proactivo como lo sugiere el documento “Guía Rápida de Seguridad Operacional” (FAC, 2015) mediante el diseño e implementación de una base de datos de operadores de drones, la creación de un curso virtual similar al instaurado por FAA, llamado “know before you fly”, sin dejar a un lado la continua promoción y divulgación de la legislación ya establecida, mejorando la comunicación entre los usuarios y la autoridad aeronáutica competente.

Evaluating the Modern Airlines Maintenance Parts Supply Chain Reliability and Effectiveness

The estimation of RFID in the support of supply chains of aircraft parts is of growing interest and is analyzed, especially in the proposed analytical model of this paper. This model helps us pick up a superior comprehension of the connections between different expenses brought about and the RFID impact on an aircraft support following procedure. Utilizing a RFID system, the company specialized in aircraft parts can accumulate savings. For this we need to consider that technology can remove inaccuracy in inventory delays brought about by mishandling in the component repair. This contextual analysis represents wonder through the utilization of numerical suppositions, highlighting the advantages of RFID. Furthermore, the estimation of RFID in aircraft maintenance is assessed utilizing sensitivity analysis, as per the parameters of the model of expense decreases in misusing repair parts and inventory control. The discoveries support the industry acceptance of RFID innovation, demonstrating that this is beneficial to support organizations of aircraft parts. Finally, in this paper we are considering the mishandling of the damaged parts of the air craft and also the cost reduction and the mishandling of the inventory parts. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out for the parameters that are used for the decrease in the utilizing the parts, cost reduction and the inventory control.