Use Of Air Transport Research Articles

MODEL OF CONNECTIVITY OF TERRITORIES BY AIR TRANSPORT

For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT Ensuring the transport connectivity of territories plays a system-forming role in development of new areas, as well as in maintaining security and economic growth. From this point of view, finding ways for optimal and balanced development of a particular mode of transport to combine the interests of the regions already at the stage of preliminary consideration of project tasks is necessary. A model of expediency of the use of air transport in solving problems of connectivity of territories is proposed. The authors apply it to examples of connectivity between different regions and to different aircrafts. The model is also suitable for assessing the role of other modes of transport. Keywords: accessibility of territories, transport network, air transport, model of connectivity of territories.

Havacılık Sektöründe Ekip Planlama Yönetimi: Bir Türk Havayolu Örneği - Crew Planning Management in Aviation Industry: A Turkish Airline Case

Use of air transport is increasing steadily, due to the fact that today’s boundaries have been lifted and customer needs are being met instantaneously, which allows growth in the aviation industry. In this study, the activities of crew planning were examined and it was aimed to emphasize the importance of human constraints as well as the mathematical constraints considered in crew planning management. In line with this, focus group interviews were conducted with senior managers and crew planning personnel who are working in an airline company operating in Turkey. When crew pairing and rostering activites are carried out, the factors taken into account and applied are the findings obtained as a result of the study. Academic literature conformity of crew planning applications is also taken into consideration. Finally, five basic dimensions for crew planning activities have been set out from these findings; compliance with rules and personnel wellness level, not using human resourses harshly, ensuring employee satisfaction, reducing unit crew costs and keeping service level high.

In by helicopter out by cab: the financial cost of aeromedical overtriage of trauma patients

BackgroundHelicopter transport of injured patients is controversial and costly. This study aims to show that a complex trauma algorithm leads to significant aeromedical overtriage at substantial cost. Our secondary outcomes were to compare adjusted mortality and outcomes between air and ground transport and determine predictors of overtriage. Materials and methodsA 6-y retrospective analysis was conducted of all trauma activations at a Level I center. Patients were dichotomized by transportation method as well as trauma activation criteria. Overtriage was defined as those who were discharged from the emergency department, medically admitted without injuries, or admitted to observation status only. Overtriage and associated charges were calculated for each patient cohort, and multivariate regression models were created to derive adjusted mortality rates and predictors of overtriage. ResultsA total of 4218 patients were treated with 28% arriving by helicopter. Overtriage increased significantly from 51% to 77% with lower tier activation criteria (P < 0.001). Median charges for air-evacuated patients was $10,478 (versus $1008 ground). Eliminating overtriage of air patients would result in a cost savings of $1,316,036 annually. Adjusted mortality between air and ground transport was not significantly different (8.5% versus 10.9%, P = 0.548). Predictors of overtriage included decreasing age, Injury Severity Score, Head Abbreviated Injury Score, nonoperative treatment, and lower tier activation criteria. ConclusionsSignificant overtriage (52%) and unnecessary air evacuation of minimally injured patients occurs at great financial cost. Revision of trauma activation protocols may result in more judicious air transport use and significant reductions in health care costs.

Effect of Policy Change on the Use of Long-Distance Transport and Follow-Up Care for Patients With Traumatic Finger Amputations

In January 2006, the American College of Emergency Physicians released updated guidelines for air transfer. Digit amputation and near-amputation were no longer an indication for this costly service. We analyzed the effect of this update on the use of air transport and associated care outcomes for finger amputation patients and examined factors involved in providing follow-up care for these patients. A retrospective chart review identified all patients treated for traumatic finger amputation between 1995 and 2012 at a major hand trauma referral center. Analysis of available outcome measures was conducted using multiple logistic and linear regression models. Analysis of factors affecting frequency of return visits was performed via negative binomial regression. We identified 724 patients with isolated traumatic finger amputations. A total of 267 patients (37%) were transferred from an outside hospital. Patients injured after 2006 were less likely to be transferred via air, with a decrease from 29.5% pre-2006 to 14.9% post-2006. There was no difference in likelihood of replantation success, length of hospital stay, or number of return visits pre- versus post-2006. Patients transferred via helicopter after 2006 were more likely to be younger than 20 years of age and injured in a winter month. Following successful replantation, work-relatedness was associated with a higher number of return visits, whereas increasing age and transfer from farther than 100 miles away were associated with fewer. After the American College of Emergency Physicians policy update, decreased use of emergency air transport to a hand trauma referral center for patients with traumatic finger amputations did not adversely affect care delivery and outcomes. These changes may be successfully implemented on a center-by-center basis to reduce costs without detriment to patient care; however, coordination of follow-up care for long-distance transport patients may require special focus when designing policy around referral centers. Therapeutic IV.

Comparison of different variants of logistics chain with the use of air transport using the software application

To ensure sustainable system of freight transport is necessary to provide efficient transport services with significant focus on level of customer service. The air transport system is very often the part of logistics chain in intermodal freight transport by using the air containers. Because of this it is necessary to identify and calculate the level of possible constraints that may have the negative impact on the efficiencies of realised logistics chain. This evaluation should be realised by the software application that provides to logistics operators, freight forwarders, carriers and other entities the user friendly interface. Based on the research realised at University of Žilina, Department of Railway transport, there was created Microsoft Excel application that evaluates the level of constraints by setting weights to selected criteria. These criteria represent the possible constraints in proposed logistics chain. Based on these criteria this application evaluates the weights of these criteria by using the multi-criteria analysis method (Saaty method) and compare two different variants of proposed logistics chain with using the air transport system. The result of the software evaluation helps easily to choose the better variant of realisation of logistics chain by the comparison of constraints in two different variants of proposed logistics chains.

Millennial Generation Outbound Travel Market, the Case of Oporto

In Europe, short city breaks are popular. Tourism is characterized by shorter and more frequent trips, spaced throughout the year, lower spending per tourist and making use of low cost airlines. We witnessed a democratization of the use of air transport, traveling who cannot afford this activity in the past and increasing travel the frequency of those who have travelled. This change in travel habits affect the travel industry and hospitality. Oporto is currently one of Europe’s tourist destinations with the highest growth, which is due mainly to increased demand from tourists for city breaks. Recognition is generally as shown in the Lonely Planet magazine that indicated Oporto as the fourth best European destination in 2012. The city of Oporto was considered the best European destination of 2017 by the site “European Best Destinations”. Oporto Airport is located only 11 km from the city center. It is the second airport in the country in passenger traffic, only surpassed by Lisbon. Low-cost airlines reduce the annual seasonality of tourist demand in the region. More tourists directly and indirectly stimulate activity, particularly by generating spillovers and other positive externalities. The internet has exploded with a plethora of online sites that directly sell travel and tourism services and products to consumers. ‘Millennials’ are a large market segment who apparently have special characteristics such as the desire for authentic cultural experiences and who use technology intensively. The objective of this work is to answer a set of questions related with young people of the Oporto region in their travels. Do they travel more often? How do they behave as tourists? Do they take advantage of a low cost carriers hub? Do they also travel in off-peak periods? The data collection method for the study was the questionnaire inquiry. The inquiry contained 22 questions, the majority of them of multiple choice. 140 valid surveys were randomly collected. The presence of a low cost carrier hub has as a consequence that young people from Oporto are traveling and using the plane. The Internet is the favourite method for organizing the trip. The type of tourism preferred are sun and sea and cultural tourism. Increased seasonality in people traveling with friends than in the case of family travel. Positive correlations for airplane and heritage. Positive correlation for airplane and travel in the winter.

Limb Replantation in Air-Transported Patients: A 4-Year Study

ObjectivePatients who require extremity reimplantation represent a population in whom rapid transport could provide potential benefit. Only 1 previous report has described the use of air transport in patients with these injuries. We describe our experience in air medical transport of limb reimplantation candidates. MethodsA retrospective chart review for all patients with amputation or near-amputation extremity injuries who were transported by helicopter to a regional reimplantation center over a 4-year period was conducted. The primary outcome measure was patients who were taken to the operating room (OR) for a definitive repair attempt by the surgical team. ResultsOf the 115 patients, 104 were taken to the OR (90%), and 84 (80%) had a repair attempted. Similar results were found between those patients who were transported from the scene or another hospital with regard to the number of candidates taken to the OR and the number of patients in who definitive repair was attempted. ConclusionAir medical transport can play an important role in a regional reimplantation program.

The Route Analysis Based On Flight Plan

Economic development effects use of air transportation since the business process in every aspect was increased. Many people these days was prefer using airplane because it can save time and money. This situation also effects flight routes, many airlines offer new routes to deal with competition. Managing flight routes is one of the problems that must be faced in order to find the efficient and effective routes. This paper investigates the best routes based on flight performance by determining the amount of block fuel for the Jakarta-Denpasar flight route. Moreover, in this work compares a two kinds of aircraft and tracks by calculating flight distance, flight time and block fuel. The result shows Jakarta-Denpasar in the Track II has effective and efficient block fuel that can be performed by Airbus 320-200 aircraft. This study can contribute to practice in making an effective decision, especially helping executive management of company due to selecting appropriate aircraft and the track in the flight plan based on the block fuel consumption for business operation.

Use of Air Transport for Minor Burns: Is There Room for Improvement?

Since 1981, the number of US burn centers has decreased by 29%, resulting in more long distance referrals to remaining facilities. Air transport is often the only feasible method for remote patients to reach few remaining burn centers. A significant proportion of flown-in patients have minor burns and are discharged within 24 hours, representing potential over-utilization of resources with increased cost to the healthcare system for no perceptible benefit. We explored factors associated with air transport of burns and opportunities for system improvement. Retrospective review of burn patients transferred by air to regional burn center between January 2003 and June 2013. Demographic, injury and clinical outcome data were acquired from the institutional Burn Registry. Minor burns constituted 17.7% of all flown admits (236/1331). Children were more likely to be included in this cohort at 32% vs 21.6% of adults (P = .0004). The overtriaged cohort had significantly lower % total BSA than accurately triaged cohort (3.3% vs 15%; P = .0001). Subjects with electrical burn injury were twice as likely to be overtriaged than accurately triaged (10.6% vs 5%; P = .002). The average % total BSA in the overtriaged group was 3.3%; the face was most common area burned (47.7%). The average estimate of charges for transfer was between $25,000 and 30,000/patient. The incidence of overtriage among flown-in burn patients, approximately 20%, represents substantial unnecessary healthcare expenditure. Improved burn care education, incentives to increase use of telemedicine, and modification of American Burn Association guidelines to include consultation with a burn center rather than automatic transfer are needed to reduce this cost to the healthcare system.

The Solodamu Surveys: determining fossil fuel use and sea transport need in a coastal village in Fiji

Domestic sea transport is critical to all aspects of life in the Pacific, providing access to markets and health and education services, as well as enabling cultural and social connectivity. Current sea transport services are entirely dependent upon use of increasingly expensive fossil fuels. Whilst there has been increasing research on international shipping, very little focus has been given to date to domestic shipping in the Pacific, and in particular at the local, village level. Recent studies have highlighted lack of data, particularly at a village level, as being a major impediment to progressing a shift to more sustainable transport. The importance of transport in achieving sustainable development and “green growth” is being increasingly highlighted by Pacific Leaders as a key priority, and particularly the need to find alternatives to reduce the region’s crippling dependency on imported fossil fuels. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in other regions also face similar challenges. This paper provides a summary of the findings of a village-based assessment of transport and fossil fuel use in Solodamu Village, Kadavu, Fiji carried out in 2009 and 2011. The objectives of the surveys were to gauge the overall sea, land and air transport use by the village and the fossil fuel footprint of the village by collecting data on a household by household basis. We then go on to outline how this assessment methodology has been expanded for an island group and highlight the potential of using this in other SIDS, so building the data sets available for more accurate analysis of both transport need and fossil fuel use to better address the issues of fossil fuel dependency and sustainable transport for the Pacific.

THE ACCESSIBILITY OF EUROPEAN REGIONS AND AIRPORT NETWORK

The objective of this work is to evaluate the accessibility of European municipalities by air transport. We focus on travels that typically require the use of air transport by computing the quickest paths between any pair of municipalities separated by more than 500 km. The total travel time includes three components: i) travel by car or High Speed Train to reach the origin airport, ii) travel by air from the origin airport to the destination airport, including waiting times when no direct flight is available and iii) travel by car or High Speed Train from the destination airport to the municipality of destination. For each territorial unit, we calculate the population-weighted average travel time to reach any other municipality in Europe.

Characteristics of Nontrauma Scene Flights for Air Medical Transport

IntroductionLittle is known about the use of air medical transport for patients with medical, rather than traumatic, emergencies. This study describes the practices of air transport programs, with respect to nontrauma scene responses, in several areas throughout the United States and Canada. MethodsA descriptive, retrospective study was conducted of all nontrauma scene flights from 2008 and 2009. Flight information and patient demographic data were collected from 5 air transport programs. Descriptive statistics were used to examine indications for transport, Glasgow Coma Scale Scores, and loaded miles traveled. ResultsA total of 1,785 nontrauma scene flights were evaluated. The percentage of scene flights contributed by nontraumatic emergencies varied between programs, ranging from 0% to 44.3%. The most common indication for transport was cardiac, nonST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (22.9%). Cardiac arrest was the indication for transport in 2.5% of flights. One air transport program reported a high percentage (49.4) of neurologic, stroke, flights. ConclusionThe use of air transport for nontraumatic emergencies varied considerably between various air transport programs and regions. More research is needed to evaluate which nontraumatic emergencies benefit from air transport. National guidelines regarding the use of air transport for nontraumatic emergencies are needed.

Ethical Considerations for Conducting a Randomized Controlled Trial in Transport

Although recent studies support the rapid transfer of patients experiencing time-sensitive emergencies, limited data exist to support the use of air transport for nonurgent patient transfers. The nature of medical transport and the heterogeneity of patients who are transferred present unique challenges in designing and conducting clinical research trials that could contribute to the evidence-based decision making for patient care and transport. The current regulatory framework presents several barriers to conducting such research in the medical transport setting. We present a hypothetic study that randomizes patients to either ground or air transport as an exemplar. We discuss informed consent, risk, and the impracticality of conducting community consultations in a medical transport setting. Finally, recommendations for potential changes to current regulations are presented. These are directed at facilitating the conduct of emergency research through a system of oversight that integrates characteristics of quality improvement and health services research.

Comparison of Outcomes for Children With Cervical Spine Injury Based on Destination Hospital From Scene of Injury

Pediatric cervical spine injury is rare. As a result, evidence-based guidance for prehospital triage of children with suspected cervical spine injuries is limited. The effects of transport time and secondary transfer for specialty care have not previously been examined in the subset of children with cervical spine injuries. The primary objective was to determine if prehospital destination choice affects outcomes for children with cervical spine injuries. The secondary objectives were to describe prehospital and local hospital interventions for children ultimately transferred to pediatric trauma centers for definitive care of cervical spine injuries. The authors searched the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) cervical spine injury data set for children transported by emergency medical services (EMS) from scene of injury. Neurologic outcomes in children with cervical spine injuries transported directly to pediatric trauma centers were compared with those transported to local hospitals and later transferred to pediatric trauma centers, adjusting for injury severity, indicated by altered mental status, focal neurologic deficits, and substantial comorbid injuries. In addition, transport times and interventions provided in the prehospital, local hospital, and pediatric trauma center settings were compared. Multiple imputation was used to handle missing data. The PECARN cervical spine injury cohort contains 364 patients transported from scene of injury by EMS. A total of 321 met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 180 were transported directly to pediatric trauma centers, and 141 were transported to local hospitals and later transferred. After adjustments for injury severity, odds of a normal outcome versus death or persistent neurologic deficit were higher for patients transported directly to pediatric trauma centers (odds ratio [OR]= 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.03 to 3.47). EMS transport times to first hospital did not differ and did not affect outcomes. Prehospital analgesia was very infrequent. Initial destination from scene (pediatric trauma center vs. local hospital) appears to be associated with neurologic outcome of children with cervical spine injuries. Markers of injury severity (altered mental status and focal neurologic findings) are important predictors of poor outcome in children with cervical spine injuries and should remain the primary guide for prehospital triage to designated trauma centers.

Defibrillation and external pacing in flight: incidence and implications

IntroductionEmergency electrical intervention for patients in the form of defibrillation, cardioversion and external cardiac pacing can be life saving. Advances in medical technology have enabled electrical intervention to be delivered...

Abstract 9141: Distance, Treatment Strategy, and Mode of Transfer for Primary PCI in Patients Presenting to a Hospital Without PCI Capability: A Report from ACTION Registry®-GWTG™ and The AHA Mission: Lifeline Program

Background: Many STEMI patients (pts) present to non-PCI hospitals, requiring interhospital transfer for primary PCI. The impact of distance and mode of transport to the PCI center on the ability to meet guideline recommended reperfusion times is not clear. Methods: Data from the ACTION Registry®-GWTG™ were used to determine reperfusion strategy (fibrinolytics, primary PCI), total time to reperfusion (Total D2B; difference between non-PCI hospital presenting time and PCI time) and transfer mode (ground, air) for pts having interhospital transfer for primary PCI. Distance between the pt’s home zip code and the PCI hospital zip code were used to estimate travel distance. Results: From 7/1/08-3/3/11, 13,974 STEMI pts were transferred to 323 PCI hospitals. The median distance from the pt’s home to the primary PCI hospital was 26 miles (IQR 13,40) (ground 20 mi; air 37 mi; p&lt;.001). Pts transported by air had a similar median age (59 yrs), but were more likely to have heart failure (8.0% vs 6.4%; p&lt;.01) and shock (8.9% vs 6.8%; p&lt;0.001). The Total D2B time for the 11,722 pts transferred for primary PCI was 115 min (IQR 93,147), with air time significantly longer [median 123 min vs 110 min; p &lt;0.001]. A total of 5,577 (56%) pts had a Total D2B ≤120 min, with only 2,215 (22%) ≤90 min. Total D2B time ≤120 min was more likely in ground pts (60% vs 47%; p &lt;.001). At distances 25 mi, air transport predominated (TABLE). Fibrinolytic therapy administration increased as distance increased. Conclusions: Interhospital transfer for primary PCI is associated with prolonged reperfusion times, despite increased use of air transport for longer distance transfers. These delays should prompt increased consideration of fibrinolytic therapy use prior to transfer by some hospitals. Conversely, the relatively short distance most pts live from a primary PCI hospital should prompt greater emphasis on EMS hospital bypass protocols.

A preliminary study of the effects of aircraft noise on families who reside in close proximity to an airport

AbstractBackground: The use of air transportation has grown in the last century, escalating the noise exposure of families residing in close proximity to airports. The audiological effects need to be assessed to determine the impact of this increase on children and young adults living near to airports in South Africa.Method: Hearing patterns for these individuals were compared to those residing 30 km away from the airport. Sixty people, between the ages of 12–30 years, were assessed. Participants completed a questionnaire and were subjected to a diagnostic audiological test battery and tested using diagnostic distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).Results: Participants residing in close proximity to the airport presented with a notch configuration in the high frequencies, as opposed to those who lived further away. DPOAEs indicated a change in hearing in the high frequencies between the test populations. The positive relationship between the pure tone results and the DPOAEs strengthens the clai...

Rekayasa Ulang Proses Bisnis (Business Process Enggineering) Untuk Mencapai Simplipliflying The Airliness Business

Business process reengineering (BPR) is one of the efforts to increase sumpriority compatative incisive. With BPR will simplified process of service passangers without decrease of comfortable and safety passangers, until opeation cost can push down low.In airlines business this moment expand/develop simplifying the airliness business with to make use of electronic technology in passengers services, until can low cost in as much as great as possible and give passenger simplifying in use of air transport.

Air Transportation of Critically Ill Patients

During the Napoleonic wars, balloon evacuation of the wounded was the first to be made in the history when Paris was being defended. In the USA, casualty helicopters are being used in 20% of cases on evacuating the victims from the accident scene and in 80% during interhospital transportation. Russia also shows an ambiguous approach to employing air medical service — from the wide use of air transportation in the country&#8217;s regions that are difficult of access to its almost complete refusal in the regions with the well-developed transportation system. Long-distance transportation of critically ill patients by chartered or commercial planes is the reality of our time. In each region, continuing specialized teams of qualified medical workers who have a good knowledge of altitude pathophysiology and handle the obligatorily certified equipment should be created on the basis of large-scale medical centers.

Comparison of mean on-scene times: road versus air transportation of critically ill patients in the Western Cape of South Africa

Background:The South African setting lends itself to the extensive use of air transport. There is a perception with healthcare providers that flight crews spend too much time with a patient...