Air Traffic Congestion Research Articles

PREDICTING FLIGHT DELAYS WITH ERROR CALCULATION USING MACHINE LEARNED CLASSIFIERS

Worldwide, flight delays are becoming a major issue for the airline business. Due to air traffic congestion brought on by the airline industry's expansion over the last 20 years, flights have been delayed. In addition to hurting the economy, flight delays also have a detrimental effect on the environment since they increase fuel consumption and gas emissions. Thus, it is essential to take all reasonable precautions to avoid flight delays and cancellations. This paper's primary goal is to forecast an airline's delay utilizing a variety of variables. Thus, it is necessary to perform forward-looking analysis, which encompasses a variety of algorithmic predictive analytics approaches that use historical and current data to create models that are used for forecasts or simply to look at future delays using machine learning algorithms like Python 3's Gradient Boosting Regression technique, Bayesian Ridge, Random Forest Regression, and Logistic Regression. This will make it easier for the user to forecast whether an aircraft will arrive on time or not. Additionally, delay prediction analysis will assist airline industries in reducing their losses.

Integrating Topographical Map Information in SUMO to Simulate Realistic Micromobility Trips in Hilly and Steep Terrains

Nowadays, shared micromobility has become a trend in cities as an alternative to conventional automotive vehicles, especially for short-distance travel. It also plays an important role in the reduction of the number of automotive vehicles which results in a decrease of air pollution and traffic congestion. Shared micromobility is, however, influenced by the terrain characteristics. Varying elevation within a fleet operational area can cause imbalances in the use of micromobility stations if a steep terrain lies between stations. It also impacts the energy consumption of electric micromobility vehicles such as e-bicycles and e-scooters. Therefore, to simulate the state of charge (SOC) of traction batteries for micromobility close to reality, it is essential to include elevation data into the simulation model. This paper proposes a workflow for Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) comprising several steps with concrete implementation and validation in order to prepare and define the simulation model with micromobility stations and the integration of elevation data using a REST API. The integration of elevation and bike station data is validated with a defined vehicle type following a route in the hilly part of Stuttgart, Germany. A comparison of micromobility trips, with and without elevation data, was performed through a simulation by recording changes in energy consumption and driven altitude differences. The proposed workflow provides a basis for more complex use cases such as analysing micromobility business areas, improving vehicle.

Suitability of Hybrid Passenger Vehicles in Metropolitan Cities: A Study of Paris and Cairo Using Toyota Prius

Abstract Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) reduce metropolitan city air pollution and traffic congestion. This paper evaluates the performance of the Toyota Prius, a passenger HEV model, in Paris and Cairo, using driving cycle data incorporated in the validated digital tool (Advanced Vehicle Simulator - ADVISOR ). The paper compares exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption of the selected HEV in those two cities. The results show a reduction in exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption in Paris than in Cairo and a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The paper suggests that the HEV Toyota Prius is a suitable and sustainable solution for urban transportation in metropolitan cities.

Air Traffic Flow Prediction with Spatiotemporal Knowledge Distillation Network

Air Traffic Flow Prediction with Spatiotemporal Knowledge Distillation Network

PREDICTION OF FUTURE FLIGHT DELAYS BASED ON CURRENT DATA ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING

Airplane transportation has many advantages compared to other means of transportation, where this means of transportation is able to cover long distances in a short time. Besides having advantages, of course, air transportation often experiences flight delays which can be caused by several things, including delayed flights due to late arrival (Arrival Delay), delays of the airline itself (Carrier Delay), previously late arrivals (Late Aircraft Delay), air traffic congestion (Nas Delay), security issues (Security Delay) and weather conditions (Weather Delay) The tests carried out were 101,315 US flight delay data from 2017 to 2022. By using the Machine Learning method, the results obtained were that the largest flight delays were caused by late arrivals, namely 386,124,672, where the largest flight delays were by airlines. The airline, namely Southwest Airlines, is 61,474,379 of the total airlines, which is 20, and the biggest departure delay is at Chicago O'Hare International airport, which is in the city of Chicago, IL province, which is 20,912,928 of the total airport, which is 596. This research aims to predict future flights by analyzing current flight data, so that future flights can be better by overcoming or avoiding previous flight delay problems.

Analisis Analysis of Public Transport Subsidy for Students in Medan City

The population continues to increase every year, and so do transportation needs. This is inseparable from the increasing number and variety of population activities. also includes educational activities. Traveling to and from school often results in traffic jams. Apart from that, many students choose to use private vehicles. which worsens air pollution and traffic congestion. Thus, the aim of this research is to create regulations governing the use of public transportation, especially for students. can facilitate student transportation to and from school. Thus, perhaps this can be implemented in the future. This is an example of how the government can provide incentives for students to use public transportation in an effort to reduce congestion caused by the use of private vehicles. The data collection process was carried out using observation, interviews, surveys and paperwork methods, then procedures for analyzing student characteristics and analyzing subsidy mechanisms. Based on various analyzes conducted, based on these findings, 69% of students are willing to switch to subsidized public transportation

Analisis Analysis Of Public Transport Subsidy For Students In Medan City

The population continues to increase every year, and so do transportation needs. This is inseparable from the increasing number and variety of population activities. also includes educational activities. Traveling to and from school often results in traffic jams. Apart from that, many students choose to use private vehicles. which worsens air pollution and traffic congestion. Thus, the aim of this research is to create regulations governing the use of public transportation, especially for students. can facilitate student transportation to and from school. Thus, perhaps this can be implemented in the future. This is an example of how the government can provide incentives for students to use public transportation in an effort to reduce congestion caused by the use of private vehicles. The data collection process was carried out using observation, interviews, surveys and paperwork methods, then procedures for analyzing student characteristics and analyzing subsidy mechanisms. Based on various analyzes conducted, based on these findings, 69% of students are willing to switch to subsidized public transportation

Predicting Air Traffic Congestion under Uncertain Adverse Weather

This paper presents an approach for integrating uncertainty information in air traffic flow management at the tactical phase. In particular, probabilistic methodologies to predict sector demand and sector congestion under adverse weather in a time horizon of 1.5 h are developed. Two sources of uncertainty are considered: the meteorological uncertainty inherent to the forecasting process and the uncertainty in the take-off time. An ensemble approach is adopted to characterize both uncertainty sources. The methodologies rely on a trajectory predictor able to generate an ensemble of 4D trajectories that provides a measure of the trajectory uncertainty, each trajectory avoiding the storm cells encountered along the way. The core of the approach is the statistical processing of the ensemble of trajectories to obtain probabilistic entry and occupancy counts of each sector and their congestion status when the counts are compared to weather-dependent capacity values. A new criterion to assess the risk of sector overload, which takes into account the uncertainty, is also defined. The results are presented for a historical situation over the Austrian airspace on a day with significant convection.

Locational patterns of warehousing facilities in the City of Cape Town municipality

The proliferation of globalisation and e-commerce has led to an increasing number of warehousing facilities in cities and regions, which may contribute to the negative externalities of air pollution, noise pollution, and traffic congestion. Despite the close relationship between logistics and different sectors of the economy, there is a paucity of literature on the connection between warehousing and different land-use categories. Focusing on the City of Cape Town municipality in South Africa, the article aims to analyse the locational patterns of warehousing facilities relative to the transport infrastructure and the industrial, retail, and office land use. The study was based on a descriptive quantitative design wherein kernel density was employed in ArcGIS to analyse the locational patterns of warehousing facilities across the municipality. Data on the floor area of the industrial, retail, and office land use were classified into several ranges to ascertain the intensity of the land use relative to the concentration of the warehousing facilities. It was discovered that warehousing facilities cluster in the highly accessible areas within the municipality, namely the port’s environs, in the vicinity of the main junctions, and adjacent to arterial roads, which provide connections to the national roads. The areas with the highest concentration of warehousing facilities also accommodated the most significant percentage of industrial and retail land use. It is recommended that the existing warehousing clusters be prioritised in future warehousing development or consolidation, and that the future increase of the industrial and retail land use within the City of Cape Town municipality include a commensurate increase of space for warehousing facilities or vice versa.

A consideration of reconstruction of Shanghais Green Transit

One of the most important things that affect peoples lives is transit. Everyone relies on transit to go to different places. Due to a high amount of private car ownership in the city, traffic jams start to occur. Then, demands start to show up on public transit. Lots of people nowadays rely on public transit to go to different places. Therefore, a small modification on a transit line could affect a massive number of residents. To build an accessible and eco-friendly transit has always been a goal for most of the city governments and agencies. In this essay, some factors that affect modern transit and peoples intention to ride transit in Shanghai will be discussed. Shanghais different transit factors, including private cars ownership, public transit coverage, and eco-friendly fleet rate will be compared among two other similar cities globally. Some suggestions on different dimensions of transit will be given to help Shanghai to build a greener and more efficient transit, to reduce the air pollution and traffic congestion.

Road construction and air pollution: Analysis of road area ratio in China

Faced with complex air pollution and traffic congestion, the road area ratio has gradually gained great importance in society and government. It is the ratio introduced from the field of road design and road engineering, but to study the efficiency of city planning and transportation recently. However, few studies have been conducted to study the relationship between urban congestion and pollution in the view of improving road area ratio. This paper investigated the effect of increasing the relative capacity of urban roads, i.e., road area ratio, on urban air pollution using panel data from cities in China from 2006 to 2018. In addition, the road area ratio can be further decomposed to explore the inner logic of pollution from congestion. Thus, we also explored whether the insufficient network density or width caused the pollution from congestion. We found that an increasing urban road area ratio significantly reduced air pollution, regardless of whether or not the impact of surrounding cities is included. Moreover, only an increased road density can increase traffic efficiency and reduce congestion emissions, which should be the priority of future traffic construction. The effect of increasing road width is not significant.

Enhancing Air Traffic Management and Reducing Noise Impact: A Novel Approach Integrating Băneasa Airport with Otopeni RO Airport

Over the years, Bucharest’s Henri Coandă International Airport has registered a constant and high increase in air traffic, in terms of both passengers and aircraft movements. This paper presents a traffic diversion solution for the Otopeni RO airport, which aims to alleviate air traffic congestion by redirecting a proportion of the planes to the nearby airport at Băneasa. The primary challenge faced by diversion to Băneasa Airport is the proximity of residential areas to the runway at distances of less than 300 m, resulting in significant noise pollution issues. At Otopeni Airport, the main operators use aircraft equipped with CFM 56 turbo engines; therefore, this study begins with an evaluation of the noise directivity of a CFM aircraft engine via measurement. The data thus collected enabled the identification of the dominant frequencies in the acoustic spectrum of the engine noise. A resonant screen solution has been proposed as a solution for Băneasa Airport, emphasizing the importance of implementing solutions to address the noise pollution faced by those living near Băneasa Airport, due to its proximity to the residential area. Various configurations of perforated metal sheets with different perforation patterns were compared to the test performance of solid sheets to optimize noise absorption. Using the impedance tube tests to achieve the highest absorption coefficient, it was determined that the optimal distance between the perforated metal sheets and the resonant screen was 30 mm. Based on the CFM 56 turbo engine noise directivity and the impedance tube tests, a multitude of numerical simulations were conducted using the IMMI software (IMMI 2011). The simulations were performed for two scenarios with and without an acoustic barrier, accounting for the typical configuration of two engines on an aircraft. The results indicate a reduction of 15 dBA with the implementation of a 4-m-high acoustic barrier, in the case of a CFM 56 engine operating at full throttle while the aircraft is on the ground. Through numerical simulations, the optimized resonant screen demonstrated its potential to significantly reduce noise levels, thereby enhancing the overall acoustic environment and quality of life for the communities surrounding Băneasa Airport. The identified findings could serve as a basis for further research and the implementation of innovative solutions to manage air traffic and reduce the impact of aircraft noise in surrounding areas.

A quasi-dynamic air traffic assignment model for mitigating air traffic complexity and congestion for high-density UAM operations

In spite of the significant effects of COVID-19, UAM operations are still expected to grow smoothly and healthily in the near future. If such dense UAM traffic relies on tactical planning to resolve conflicts in a decentralized control scheme, urban airspace could soon be heavily congested and airspace complexity could be overwhelming. In this paper, we propose a Quasi-dynamic Air Traffic Assignment (QATA) model, which aims to allocate traffic flows among air routes in the planning horizon in order to organize UAM traffic flows and reduce air traffic congestion and complexity within a centralized strategic planning scheme while meeting the demand and respecting some criteria. Firstly, UAM traffics are modeled as flows that operate on a 3D two-way UAM route network. Next, the QATA problem is formulated as an optimization problem involving network dynamics to minimize the air traffic complexity evaluated by the linear dynamical system and congestion defined by traffic density and energy consumption. A simulation-based rolling horizon framework is introduced to decompose the QATA problem into several modified static air traffic assignment problems in each time interval. In order to overcome the limitations of conventional dynamic traffic assignment algorithms, a simulated annealing algorithm using parallel computing and a novel neighborhood generation strategy is proposed to efficiently optimize the problem. By applying the model to a pre-designed large-scale UAM route network in Singapore’s urban airspace, Experimental studies demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework and its applicability. Parallel computing can achieve up to three times faster than the original algorithm. The proposed algorithm significantly reduces the value of the objective function by (32.20±0.29)% in 143.47±3.74 seconds at the 95% confidence interval of 100 experiments, far better compared to the representative conventional dynamic traffic assignment algorithms. This study could be useful to assist air traffic control authorities and air navigation service providers in addressing various issues in unmanned traffic management.

Understanding Public Acceptance of Automobile Restriction Policies: A Qualitative Study in Four Latin American Cities

In recent decades, several Latin American cities have implemented policy instruments to reduce urban air pollution and traffic congestion such as license plate–based restrictions on car use. Our research analyzes the factors influencing the public acceptance of these urban policies in four cities: Bogotá, Mexico City, Santiago de Chile, and Quito. We use semi-structured interviews and digital diaries to examine participants’ beliefs and emotions about vehicle restrictions as well as their daily mobility experiences. The study illustrates the importance of three main beliefs in shaping the public acceptance of the measures (perceived effectiveness, perceived fairness, and perceived personal impacts). The results also show a certain resignation on the part of the participants, accepting that the policies are necessary and, to some extent, effective in pacifying traffic and improving air quality in highly populated cities, even if the policies generate certain undesirable distributional and personal impacts. The study uncovers the importance of the local context in understanding why certain urban policies, successfully applied in other contexts, might have lower levels of public support in Latin American cities. A high population density, regulatory shortcomings, enforcement difficulties, and deficits in infrastructure and public transport all create a mobility context in which some policies to improve urban air quality and traffic congestion generate high levels of frustration and ambivalence among the residents.

Improving the management of air traffic congestion during the approach phase

AbstractNowadays most busy international airports and their corresponding terminal areas are suffering from huge congestion issues due to the simultaneity of their arrival aircraft. The aim of this paper is to establish a new separation method using time- based-separation, speed modification during approach phases and Point Merge System (PMS) so as to ensure efficiently the traffic flow. This work took as a case study the busiest airport of Morocco, The Mohammed V International airport of Casablanca. The proposed management model offers very good results when compared with other models such as the first-come first-served (FCFS) model.

Evaluation of active travel using with the health and economic assessment tool (HEAT): The case of Samsun/Turkey

IntroductionThe widespread use of fossil fuel vehicles in transportation, which is one of the most basic needs of societies, has negative effects on air pollution and traffic congestion. In order to reduce the negativities of the usage of motor vehicles in transportation, countries are trying to expand the use of active travel paths and electric vehicles. However, to increase the use of active travel in transportation, the cities' active travel infrastructure, the traffic density, and the distance for active travel are essential. Active travel path's investment in Turkey is less than in European countries. In this study, planned active travel path investment in Atakum/Turkey has been evaluated from different perspectives in order to provide useful data to decision-makers. MethodHealth Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to analyze the benefits of planned investment. As a result of new investment, four scenarios of the walking and cycling time were assumed as input to HEAT. HEAT outputs compromise premature deaths prevented, physical activity (PA) time, carbon emissions avoided and a benefit/cost ratio for each scenario. In addition to HEAT outputs, the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) of the planned investment have also been calculated for different scenarios. ResultsIn the Atakum, there is an about 9 km active travel path built on a line parallel to the coast to increase the use of bicycles and the level of walking mobility of the citizens. In addition to that, a new active travel path is planned. The length of the planned active travel path is about 22 km long and is designed to be interconnected with the light rail system. In this study, benefit/cost ratios have been estimated for expected different physical activity (PA) time due to the new active travel path. The highest benefit/cost (B/C) ratio was obtained as 8 with an expected 117 min of PA time for scenario4. The least PA time is 22 min for scenario1 provides B/C ratio of 1. The prevented premature death is 6 for scenario1 and 69 for scenario2. The IRR is estimated to be 83% for 117 min of PA and 6% for 22 min of PA.

Visualizing and assessing the 15-minute city facility configuration of city region A study on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration

The desire for a more liveable, highly interconnected and people-oriented city is driving a surge of interest in the ’15-minute city’, an intuitive, adaptable and popular vision of urban living that already takes place around the world. Elements of the 15-minute city have helped to manage urban life effectively globally by offering a way to build on positive changes to boost local economies and deliver lasting health, well-being, equity and climate benefits. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold and health concerns remain paramount, the strategy are already supporting cities towards recovery. As an important engine of global urbanization, the future development of China’s cities is threatened by increasing air pollution, traffic congestion, social inequalities and other pressures. In May 2021, the Ministry of Natural Resources of China released The Standard of Spatial Planning Guidance Community Life Unity to offer technique support for future 15-minute city construction. Taking a 15-minute walking distance as the space scale, the Guidance configures various functions and facilities required for basic living of residents, ad provides a construction reference for healthy, energetic and low-carbon lifestyle, which satisfies urban residents’ yearning for a better life. Furthermore, the Guidance offers a detailed spatial assessment framework of 15-minute city facilities deployment including a variety of parameters. Based on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration, this paper evaluates the integrated performance of 13 cities in the Agglomeration by using the framework of the Guidance for visualizing and exploring facilities’ POIs on POI-type semantic space. The compare of 15-minute community construction between different cities is rendered as a “mode map” by POI counts on various types, providing a vivid information delivery method for urban planners and POI-related urban studies and applications.

The Impact of Automobile Purchase Restriction on Urban Air Quality: Experimental Evidence from Beijing, China

<p>It's critical for environmental governance to understand the effectiveness of policy interventions as well as their working mechanisms. This paper focuses on the vehicle license plate-based management, a sort of policy intervention understudied in environmental governance literature. Specifically, we study the automobile purchase restriction (APR), a major method of license management to address urban air pollution and traffic congestion recently launched by the authorities of China. However, limited studies have quantified the environmental impact of such purchase restriction. Based on the panel data of PM2.5 concentration in 330 cities in China during 1998-2016, this study aims to explore the causal impact of Beijing automobile purchase restriction on air quality, using the regression control method and high-dimensional data regression of machine learning. The average PM2.5 concentration did not decrease but increased because of the purchase restriction. Over time, the deterioration effect on urban air quality will not alleviate. Besides, the restriction cannot enhance urban air quality by decreasing the increase of PM2.5. Despite excluding the impact of driving restriction, the purchase restriction markedly aggravate urban air quality. This paper has some policy implications for policymakers on the impact of urban vehicle license management with caution. Hence, it is essential to promote urban economy, production, and lifestyle to attain the win-win goal of air pollution control and urban development.</p>

E-mobility solutions for urban transportation: User needs across four continents

Aiming at setting up a global platform for e-mobility solutions, the EU-funded project SOLUTIONSplus (2020–2023) established nine living labs in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America to test innovative solutions involving new services, business models, vehicle types, and charging systems. A user needs analysis was undertaken in all project cities. The paper summarizes the main findings of this analysis and investigates the effect of the external environment on user needs. The perceived importance of electric vehicles in mobility patterns, quality of life, and city environment is examined, along with expected challenges in the respective market penetration. It is found that these perceptions are correlated with external factors such as air pollution or traffic congestion, leading to possible adjustments of the e-mobility promoting efforts according to the local stakeholder priorities.

Research on en route capacity evaluation model based on aircraft trajectory data

<abstract> <p>For the sake of refined assessment of airspace operation status, improvement of the en route air traffic management performance, and alleviation of the imbalance of demand-capacity and airspace congestion, an en route accessible capacity evaluation model (based on aircraft trajectory data) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, from the perspective of flux, the en route capacity is defined and expanded from a two-dimensional concept to a three-dimensional concept. Secondly, based on the indicators of spatial flow and instantaneous density, an evaluation model of en route capacity is given. Finally, a case study is performed to validate the applicability and feasibility of the model. Results show that the en route accessible capacity, instantaneous density, and spatial flow can describe the temporal and spatial distribution of air traffic flow more precisely, as compared to the conventional indicators, such as route capacity, density, and flow. The proposed model envisages three innovations: (ⅰ) the definition of airspace accessible capacity with reference to capacity of road traffic, (ⅱ) the computation model for flux-based airspace accessible capacity and en route accessible capacity, and (ⅲ) two indicators of en route characteristics named instantaneous density and spatial flow are introduced for evaluating the micro-state of the en route. Furthermore, because of the capacity depiction of the spatial and temporal distribution of air traffic congestion within an airspace unit, this model can also help air traffic controllers balance the distribution of traffic flow density, reduce the utilization rate of horizontal airspace, and resolve flight conflicts on air routes in advance.</p> </abstract>