Air Pollution In Pregnancy Research Articles

Ambient and Indoor Air Pollution in Pregnancy and the risk of Low birth weight and Ensuing Effects in Infants (APPLE): A cohort study in Bangalore, South India

Background: Exposure to air pollution (IAP) from the combustion of solid fuels is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Pregnant women exposed to higher pollutant levels are at higher risk of delivering a low-birth-weight (LBW) baby. There is a lack of standardized data regarding the levels and types of specific pollutants and how they impact LBW. We aim to prospectively assess the association between ambient and indoor air pollution levels in pregnancy and low birth weight and understand the subsequent risk of adiposity in these infants. Methods: We will conduct a prospective cohort study of 516 pregnant women recruited before 18 weeks of gestation in the urban slums of Bangalore, who have voluntarily consented to participate. We will estimate the level of air pollutants including particulate matter (<10 μm, <2.5 μm) and carbon monoxide (CO) parts per million (ppm) levels in both indoor and ambient environment. The follow-up of the delivered children will be done at delivery until the infant is one year old. The association between pollutants and LBW will be evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.Further, we will explore the mediation role of LBW in the hypothesized causal chain of air pollution and adiposity. Nested within a large cohort titled "Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI)", we can estimate the absolute risk of having low birth weight caused by air pollution and other variables. Discussion: Understanding the association between exposures to ambient and indoor air pollution and low birth weight is essential in India. LBW babies have a higher risk of developing obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) during adulthood. The results from this study can inform the efforts for controlling the air pollution-related chronic diseases in India.

Ambient and Indoor Air Pollution in Pregnancy and the risk of Low birth weight and Ensuing Effects in Infants (APPLE): A cohort study in Bangalore, South India

Background: Exposure to air pollution (IAP) from the combustion of solid fuels is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Pregnant women exposed to higher pollutant levels are at higher risk of delivering a low-birth-weight (LBW) baby. There is a lack of standardized data regarding the levels and types of specific pollutants and how they impact LBW. We aim to prospectively assess the association between ambient and indoor air pollution levels in pregnancy and low birth weight and understand the subsequent risk of adiposity in these infants. Methods: We will conduct a prospective cohort study of 516 pregnant women recruited before 18 weeks of gestation in the urban slums of Bangalore, who have voluntarily consented to participate. We will estimate the level of air pollutants including coarse particulate matter 10 ug/m3 (PM10 ), fine particulate matter 2.5 ug/m3(PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) parts per million (ppm) levels in both indoor and ambient environment. The follow-up of the delivered children will be done at delivery until the infant is two years old. The association between pollutants and LBW will be evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.Further, we will explore the mediation role of LBW in the hypothesized causal chain of air pollution and adiposity. Nested within a larger Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI) cohort, we can estimate the absolute risk of having low birth weight caused by air pollution and other variables. Discussion: Understanding the association between exposures to ambient and indoor air pollution and low birth weight is essential in India. LBW babies have a higher risk of developing obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) during adulthood. The results from this study can inform the efforts for controlling the air pollution-related chronic diseases in India.

Exposure to traffic related air pollution in pregnancy and infancy in relation to autism spectrum disorder in California

PDS 73: Neurological effects, Johan Friso Foyer, Floor 1, August 26, 2019, 10:30 AM - 12:00 PM Background/Aim: Studies are accumulating that suggest associations between air pollutants and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. However, most studies include rather small numbers of cases. Our objective was to conduct a statewide study in California focusing on road traffic related exposure during pregnancy and the first year of life to assess related risks for childhood ASD. Methods: We used a population based registry linkage design including state-wide California birth data retrieved from Office of Vital Statistics birth data 1998-2010. ASD (during the study period assessed as autistic disorder (DSM IV-R)) cases (n= 30,514) were identified through records maintained at the California Department of Developmental Services and linked to birth records. Birth record controls were matched on sex and year 1:10. Exposure to road traffic related CO, NOx and PM2.5 concentrations during pregnancy and first year of life were estimated using the California Line Source Dispersion Model 4, a modified Gaussian line-source dispersion model. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression. Results: Exposure to interquartile-range increases of the correlated pollutants CO, NOx and PM2.5 related to increased ORs for ASD of 10-13% (e.g. NOx: OR=1.11; 95% CI:1.10,1.12) for prenatal and similarly for infant exposure, adjusting for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, maternal birth place and other potential confounders. Including prenatal and infant exposure in the same model suggested potentially stronger associations for infant exposure. Conclusions: Our state-wide population based study including a large number of ASD cases and avoiding self-selection bias, indicates small to moderately increased risks for ASD related to pregnancy and early life exposure to traffic generated air pollution. These findings confirm and extend earlier smaller studies suggesting the need for public health policies to regulate air pollution exposure to protect populations from the adverse impacts on the developing fetus.

Ambient and Indoor Air Pollution in Pregnancy and the risk of Low birth weight and Ensuing Effects in Infants (APPLE): A cohort study in Bangalore, South India

Background: Exposure to air pollution (IAP) from the combustion of solid fuels is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Pregnant women exposed to higher pollutant levels are at higher risk of delivering a low-birth-weight (LBW) baby. There is a lack of standardized data regarding the levels and types of specific pollutants and how they impact LBW. We aim to prospectively assess the association between ambient and indoor air pollution levels in pregnancy and low birth weight and understand the subsequent risk of adiposity in these infants. Methods: We will conduct a prospective cohort study of 516 pregnant women recruited before 18 weeks of gestation in the urban slums of Bangalore, who have voluntarily consented to participate. We will estimate the level of air pollutants including coarse particulate matter 10 ug/m3 (PM10 ), fine particulate matter 2.5 ug/m3(PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) parts per million (ppm) levels in both indoor and ambient environment. The follow-up of the delivered children will be done at delivery until the infant is two years old. The association between pollutants and LBW will be evaluated using logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.Further, we will explore the mediation role of LBW in the hypothesized causal chain of air pollution and adiposity. Nested within a larger Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI) cohort, we can estimate the absolute risk of having low birth weight caused by air pollution and other variables. Discussion: Understanding the association between exposures to ambient and indoor air pollution and low birth weight is essential in India. LBW babies have a higher risk of developing obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) during adulthood. The results from this study can inform the efforts for controlling the air pollution-related chronic diseases in India.

Elevated cord blood homocysteine levels in newborns prenatally exposed to particulate air pollution; results from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort

Introduction Particulate air pollution is thought to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Homocysteine is an established cardiovascular disease risk factor. Recent studies show that exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with plasma homocysteine levels in adults. For the first time, we studied in utero exposure to PM2.5 and newborns’ homocysteine levels and interaction by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in oxidative stress-related genes. Methods In 689 newborns of the ENVIRONAGE (ENVIRonmental influence ON AGEing in early life) birth cohort, we investigated the association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and cord plasma homocysteine levels, and interaction by 12 SNPs through multiple linear regression. PM2.5 levels were obtained using a spatial temporal interpolation method. Homocysteine levels were measured by immunoassay. SNPs were assessed on the TaqMan OpenArray SNP genotyping platform. Results In multivariable-adjusted models, cord plasma homocysteine levels increased with 4.9% (95% CI: -0.6% to 10.6%; p=0.08) for each 5 µg/m³ increment in average PM2.5 during the whole pregnancy, and 3.8% (95% CI: -0.3% to 8.0%; p=0.07) and 3.5% (95% CI: 0.8% to 6.3%; p=0.01) for the 1st and 2nd trimester, respectively. The associations between PM2.5 and homocysteine were stronger in newborns with 1 or 2 variant alleles of rs769217 in catalase (CAT) (p-interaction: 0.07 and 0.01 for whole pregnancy and 2nd trimester, respectively). With regard to 3rd trimester exposure, only neonates with 1 or 2 variant alleles of rs1800562 in the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) showed a positive association between PM2.5 and homocysteine (p-interaction: 0.004). Conclusions Exposure to particulate air pollution in pregnancy is associated with increases in cord blood homocysteine levels and the association differs by CAT and HFE genotypes. Increased air pollution-induced homocysteine levels in early life might be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease later in life.

Association between pregnancy exposure to air pollution and birth weight in selected areas of Norway.

BackgroundExposure to air pollution has adverse effects on cardiopulmonary health of adults. Exposure to air pollution in pregnancy may affect foetal development. However, the evidence of such effect remains inconsistent. We investigated the effects of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy on birth outcomes.MethodsThis study, based within the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), includes 17,533 participants living in the two largest cities in Norway: Oslo and Bergen, and their two surrounding counties: Akershus and Hordaland. Air pollution levels at residential addresses were estimated using land use regression models and back-extrapolated to the period of each pregnancy using continuous monitoring station data. Birth outcomes were birth weight, low birth weight, gestational age, and preterm delivery obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Information on lifestyle factors was collected from MoBa questionnaires completed by mothers during pregnancy. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations between pregnancy NO2 exposure and birth outcomes.ResultsWe found a statistically significant negative association between pregnancy exposure to NO2 and birth weight −43.6 (95%CI −55.8 to −31.5) g per 10 μg/m3 NO2. However, after adjusting for either area or the combination of parity and maternal weight, no substantive effects of air pollution exposure were evident.ConclusionsExposure to air pollution during pregnancy was associated with decrease in birth weight, but area-related and lifestyle factors attenuated this association. We found no statistically significant associations of air pollution exposure with gestational age, low birth weight or preterm delivery.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13690-016-0138-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Association between pre-eclampsia and locally derived traffic-related air pollution: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundPre-eclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy and is a major cause of fetal–maternal mortality and morbidity. Despite a number of plausible mechanisms by which air pollutants might contribute to...

Effects of carbon monoxide air pollution in pregnancy on neonatal nucleated red blood cells

In an analytical cross-sectional study, the effects of carbon monoxide air pollution on carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) and absolute nucleated red blood cells (nRBC) of the cord venous blood, were evaluated in 41 newborns delivered by caesarean section at term to mothers who had lived in an air-polluted area in the centre of Tehran during their pregnancies (study group). The parameters used were compared with 32 cord venous bloods of term caesarean-delivered newborns of mothers living in a healthy air area outside the city during their pregnancies. A significant difference was observed between the two groups in the cord COHb levels (mean +/- SD 10.51 +/- 4.79 vs. 1.58 +/- 0.96, P <0.001), cord nRBC (723.87 +/- 275.23 x 10(6)/L vs. 248.44 +/- 160.79 x 10(6)/L, P <0.001). A significant correlation was found between ambient carbon monoxide and cord COHb in the study and control groups, respectively (r=0.863, P=0.0001; r=0.691, P=0.0001), and also cord COHb and cord nRBC in the study group (r=0.360, P=0.01). Neonates born to mothers exposed to carbon monoxide air pollution had increased circulating absolute nRBC counts compared with those of the control group. We speculate that air pollution exposure in pregnancy should be avoided, because it may have negative effects on fetal oxygenation.