Shanghai Air Research Articles

Status Quo and Future Development of Shanghai Air Cargo Industry

Air cargo industry has become a new growth point of Shanghai economy. It also plays an important role in China's air cargo transport. This paper analyzes the air cargo industry status quo and future trends from the aspects of Shanghai airport, cargo facility, air cargo traffic (ACT) and its structure. Then it prospects Shanghai airport and its cargo facility's future development. After that it completes the regression analysis and elastic analysis of air cargo traffic and total foreign trade value (TFTV) with SPSS software. Based on this, it forecasts the future trend of air cargo traffic. The results show that Shanghai airport serves beyond the scope of Yangtze River Delta, air cargo traffic has significant imbalance and will grow to around 5.3 million tones with TFTV growth by the end of “twelfth five-year” period though slower than TFTV, and the airport cargo facilities can accommodate the air cargo industry development. Finally, some useful countermeasures for stimulating Shanghai air cargo industry are put forward.

Source identification of individual PM2.5 particles in Shanghai air in the winter of 2007 with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe

In order to further understand the sources of PM2.5 in Shanghai air, the synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe at the BL-4A Beamline of Photon Factory of High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan, was applied to analyze the individual PM2.5 particles collected from Shanghai air in the winter of 2007. Eight categories of emission sources were recognized in these individual particles. The source identification shows that most of the analyzed PM2.5 particles are derived from vehicle exhaust and metallurgical emissions. This suggests that the important emission sources of PM2.5 in Shanghai air would be vehicle exhaust and metallurgical activities.

A study of the origin of individual PM 2.5 particles in Shanghai air with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe

To identify the origin of individual PM 2.5 particles in Shanghai air, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe at BL-4A beamline of Photon Factory was applied to analysis of the individual PM 2.5 particles. By using excitation energy of 17.4 keV, trace elements of environmental concern in the fine particles, like S, Cr, Sr and Pb can be detected. Only 60 s of irradiation was needed to measure each of the individual PM 2.5 particles. The result of this study shows that the most of analyzed PM 2.5 particles were derived from vehicle exhaust, metallurgic emissions and power plants. This result is consistent with the morphological observation of PM 2.5 particles obtained by scanning electron microscopy.

Differentiating the effects of fine and coarse particles on daily mortality in Shanghai, China

The findings on health effects of ambient fine particles (PM 2.5) and coarse particles (PM 10-2.5) remain inconsistent. In China, PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 are not the criteria air pollutants, and their monitoring data are scarce. There have been no epidemiological studies of health effects of PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 simultaneously in China. We conducted a time series study to examine the acute effects of PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 on daily mortality in Shanghai, China from Mar. 4, 2004 to Dec. 31, 2005. We used the generalized additive model (GAM) with penalized splines to analyze the mortality, air pollution and covariate data. The average concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10-2.5 were 56.4 μg/m 3 and 52.3 μg/m 3 in our study period, and PM 2.5 constituted around 53.0% of the PM 10 mass. Compared with the Global Air Quality Guidelines set by World Health Organization (10 μg/m 3 for annual mean) and U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (15 μg/m 3 for annual mean), the PM 2.5 level in Shanghai was much higher. We found that PM 2.5 was associated with the death rates from all causes and from cardiorespiratory diseases in Shanghai. We did not find a significant effect of PM 10-2.5 on mortality outcomes. A10 μg/m 3 increase in the 2-day moving average (lag01) concentration of PM 2.5 corresponded to 0.36% (95% CI 0.11%, 0.61%), 0.41% (95% CI 0.01%, 0.82%) and 0.95% (95% CI 0.16%, 1.73%) increase of total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. For PM 10-2.5, the effects were attenuated and less precise. Our analyses provide the first statistically significant evidence in China that PM 2.5 has an adverse effect on population health and strengthen the rationale for further limiting levels of PM 2.5 in outdoor air in Shanghai.