Air Hose Research Articles

An MR-Safe Pneumatic Stepper Motor: Design, Control, and Characterization

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide high contrast soft tissue visualization without ionizing radiation, which makes it an attractive imaging modality for interventional procedures. However, the strong magnetic and radio frequency (RF) fields impose significant challenges to the development of robotic systems within the magnetic resonance environment. Consequently, designing MRI-compatible actuators is crucial for advancing MRI-guided robotic systems. This paper reports the design, control, and characterization of a gear-based pneumatic stepper motor. The motor is designed with three actuating piston units and a geared rotor. The three actuating pistons are driven sequentially by compressed air to push the geared rotor and to generate bidirectional stepwise motion. Experiments were conducted to characterize the motor in terms of torque, speed, control, and MRI compatibility. The results demonstrate that the motor can deliver a maximum continuous torque of 1300 mNm at 80 pounds per square inch (PSI) (0.55 MPa) with 9 m air hoses. The closed-loop control evaluation demonstrates the steady-state error of position tracking was 0.81±0.52 deg. The MRI compatibility study indicated negligible image quality degradation. Therefore, the proposed pneumatic stepper motor can effectively serve as an actuator for MRI-guided robotic applications.

Implementasi Metode Reliability Centered Maintenance untuk Menunjang Ketersediaan Suku Cadang Unit Prime Mover Truck Tipe 550 Horse Power

One of mining materials transport units is a 550 horse power prime mover truck. The prime mover truck functions as the main power source of trailer unit. This research was motivated by unexpected failures of 550 horsepower prime mover truck which operating on extreme mining environments, and unreachable component lifetime also delays of part supply, which contributed to increased downtime. The research purposes are to improve and develop the best maintenance system by identifying critical components, determining reliability values, determine maintenance intervals, and ensuring spare parts availability. The research was conducted using the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method, with independent variables are failure frequency data and failure duration data. The results identified five critical components, air piping and hose, fast fuel filler, radiator components, radiator hose, and wheel stud and nut. Maintenance intervals were determined when the reliability value approached 0.6, with the air piping and hose component reaching 1750 hours of operation or every 97 days, the fast fuel filler component reaching 1,250 hours or every 69 days, the radiator and reservoir tank component reaching 2250 hours or every 125 days, the radiator hose and line component reaching 2750 hours or every 152 days, and the wheel stud and nut component of 3000 hours or every 166 days.

Analisis Perawatan pada Unit Dump Truck FMX 440 Kapasitas 30 Ton dengan Metode Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM)

One of the coal mining activities is to move coal from pit to rom using transport equipment, namely dump trucks. In the case study in the field, the dump truck used is FMX 440 with a capacity of 30 tonnes which operates for 18 hours/day. The obstacles or problems encountered during operations include damage and disruption to the dump truck unit system, which can interfere with the mining process and result in a reduction in the amount of coal production targeted by the landowner. Therefore, other methods are needed so that maintenance can be planned and carried out properly. This research aims to find critical components, and maintenance intervals on dump trucks. This research uses the reliability centreed maintenance (RCM) method. The results obtained are critical components, MTBF and MTTR values are cooling system 5,011.96 hours and 1.44 hours, transmission (T / M) system 14,446.24 hours and 2.75 hours, hydraulic oil hose and piping 22,326 hours and 10.54 hours, and air piping and hose 17,541.86 hours and 4.86 hours. From the calculation of the reliability value of critical components, the maintenance time interval for each component is obtained, namely the cooling system is carried out maintenance after 138 operating days, the transmission (T / M) system is carried out maintenance after 416 operating days, hyd. oil hose & piping is carried out maintenance after 638 operating days, and air piping & hose after 500 operating days.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Shrimp Shell Waste and Old Coconut Water

The rapid growth of people and industry generates organic waste of 50-60% of production materials. These wastes can be used for agriculture, as human awareness of healthy consumption causes agriculture to start using organic materials. Organic waste from industry in the form of shrimp shells and old coconut water can be used as organic fertilizer for plant growth and development. This study aims to examine the dynamics of reactions that occur during the process of making organic fertilizer and test the physical and chemical quality of the resulting organic fertilizer. This research has a combination design of 2 factors. The first factor is the fermentation method (F) which consists of 2 levels, namely: F1 = container with air hose (aerobic), F2 = tightly closed container (anaerobic). The second factor is the organic fertilizer raw material (L) which consists of 3 levels, namely: L1 = shrimp shell waste, L2 = old coconut water, L3 = shrimp shell waste + old coconut water. The results showed on the physical characteristics, aerobic fermentation treatment is faster to produce organic fertilizer than anaerobic, and the speed of producing organic fertilizer is also influenced by the characteristics of raw materials. Wheareas based on the chemical properties, all treatments have not met the Indonesian national standards, but there are several chemical components that meet such as pH, C-organic and N-total. The treatments that are close to the standard are F1L1 and F1L3 treatment for N-total, F1L2 and F2L2 for C-organic.

PERENCANAAN DAN PENERAPAN PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE MESIN CNC MILLING FZ 2000

An industrial internship is a practical activity for students with the aim of gaining experience from this activity, which can later be used for professional development and human resource development. One of the industrial internships was carried out at a bus body company from Ungaran, namely CV. Like Bodywork. During the industrial internship the author focused on research regarding the planning and implementation of Preventive Maintenance of ABS vacuum pumps on CNC Milling machines FZ 2000. Problems that occurred during the production process using CNC Milling machines with ABS Vacuum pumps were the problem of broken blades, the radiator not running properly. Well, there's an electrical short circuit, the air hoses are leaking, the vacuum pump is leaking or overheating. Planning a maintenance system needs to be done to reduce the number of machine downtime. CV. Laksana Karoseri uses two types of maintenance systems, General Maintenance and Emergency Maintenance. Meanwhile, preventive maintenance activities carried out on the CNC MILLING FZ 2000 machine include daily maintenance, maintenance every 2 months, maintenance every 6 months and annual maintenance. Meanwhile, preventive maintenance on ABS vacuum engine pumps on CNC Milling Machines is known to be carried out every 6 months including checking and replacing the vacuum engine oil using 2 liters of Corena S4 P shell oil for every use reaching 5000 km/hour, cleaning the air filter, maintaining and cleaning the water filter and checking the spindle lubricating fluid.

Pembuatan Alat Bantu Kerja Pneumatik Pelepas Rubber Journal Spring Pada Bogie K5

One of the facility maintenance performed on the bogie is removing the rubber journal spring. The removal of the rubber journal spring is still done manually, namely slamming it to the floor using a long bolt of about 10 cm which is inserted into the hole in the rubber journal cap to push the rubber so that it can be released from the hat within 8-10 minutes. This research was conducted to innovate tools with the aim of facilitating the maintenance process, shorter time and guaranteed safety in removing the rubber journal spring. The manufacturer of this release tool uses a pneumatic system with the components used in the form of a cylinder with a diameter of 100 mm × 200 mm in length, a 4/2 pust button valve, an air filter, a manometer, and an 8 mm air hose. From the test results, the rubber journal spring removal tool on bogie K5 using a pneumatic system requires 1.2 minutes with a pressure of 5 bar to release 1 rubber journal spring. This tool has dimensions weighing 40 kg, length 50 cm, width 30 cm, height 90 cm.
 Keyword: rubber journal spring, bogie, pneumatic

Analisis Preventive Mantenance Pada Komponen Mesin Finger Joint Untuk Mengurangi Downtime Pada PT. Romi Violeta Sidoarjo

PT. Romi Violeta is a furniture company engaged in the production of rattan and wood products for the global market. The problem that often occurs is that the Finger Joint machine often experiences damage to the engine components. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to identify critical components in the Finger Joint machine, develop a maintenance scheduling for the machine's components, and compare the maintenance costs before and after implementing the scheduling. The analysis revealed that the Hydraulic component has a cumulative value of 40%, followed by the Cutter component with a cumulative value of 34.4%, and the Air Hose component with a cumulative value of 5.6%. Consequently, a preventive maintenance schedule was determined, with the Hydraulic component requiring maintenance every 31 days, the Cutter component every 36 days, and the Air Hose component every 207 days. This resulted in a reduction in maintenance costs from the previous amount of Rp.5,200,000 to Rp.1,210,847.

In-situ indirect measurements of real-time moisture contents during microwave vacuum drying of beef and carrot slices using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Moisture content (MC) is a critical quality indicator for food drying processing, however achieving in-situ non-destructive analyses of dynamic MC of products during processing is still a challenge. This study developed an in-situ indirect measurement method using Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) for real-time MC prediction of foods during microwave vacuum drying (MVD). During MVD, THz-TDS continuously sense the dynamic moisture vapour from the desiccator through a polyethene air hose. The obtained THz spectra were processed to calibrate MC loss prediction models using support vector regression, Gaussian process regression and ensemble regression. Then the MC was calculated using moisture loss prediction results. The best real-time MC prediction results for beef and carrot slices achieved R2 of 0.995, RMSE of 0.0162, and RDP of 22. The developed system provides a novel method for drying kinetics research during MVD and expands the applicability of the THz-TDS technique in the food industry.

PNEUMATIC BENCH VICE

The goal of this project is to create a model of bench vice which is pneumatically operated. Using air pressure to create mechanical motion in the spindle of the vice provides a safe &efficient way to reduce human effort. The mechanical motion in the spindle is created with the help of a double actuating cylinder which is operated by a 5/2 pilot valve & two 3/2 push buttons with the help of the air hoses. A vice is a mechanical screw apparatus used for holding or clamping a work piece to allow work to be performed on it with tools such as saws, planes, drills, mills, screwdrivers, sandpaper, etc. Vices usually have one fixed jaw and another parallel jaw which is moved towards or away from the fixed jaw by the screw. Vice is used to drill a wood, metal, etc. by holding your work piece tightly, it gives you all stability you need so you can make precise cuts. Even it is used for sawing a job with constant force applied by hand, or automatically, in order to cut desired shapes. A pneumatic system is controlled through manual or automatic process. In this Automatic pneumatic vice project for metal working is provided with widely and quick movable clamping jaw and fixed jaw where the vertical clamping surface of the fixed jaw and the horizontal surface of the fastening plane for the working piece confirm an accurate and unchangeable. Using automatically operated pneumatic vice will help you to get the work down easily and save energy.

Could convulsive body shuddering of a white shark near a shark cage be an element of a threat display?

Abstract In this short note, we describe the convulsive body shuddering of a white shark as it approached two large metallic shark cages, each with multiple divers standing within them. When animals feel threatened, they experience conflicting instincts — one is to escape and another is to fight. In this situation, they do not always fight but often perform an agonistic, or aggressive display. Having arrived at the source of an olfactory corridor, this white shark was confronted with highly visible cages made with aluminium bars. The divers use hookah air hoses to breathe, and were therefore releasing bubbles, which reflect light and generate sounds as they oscillate toward the surface. The photographers may also have been taking pictures of the shark with their flash-bulb equipped cameras, which produce a sudden disruptive flash of irradiance. The shark’s behaviour is illustrated with a series of video frames as he approaches the cage. The body of the shark shutters convulsively and he opens his mouth, keeping it open for a prolonged period of 2.8 s as he passes close to the cage, while (1) depressing his pectoral fins, (2) hunching his back, (3) keeping his caudal fin held at right angle to the axis of view to increase his apparent size, and (4) shaking his body with spasmodic oscillations. The shark appears frightened, and hence may perform the display to discourage any aggression directed at him by the cage with humans emitting a panoply of frightening stimuli. Alternative explanations of the motivation behind this behaviour are also discussed. We hope that it will lead other scientists to look for this behaviour when observing the behaviour of white sharks from a cage, so they can provide further evidence shedding light upon the shark’s motivation for performing this conspicuous behaviour.

Tolerability, user acceptance and preference for a novel reusable respirator among health care workers

The CleanSpace Technology Halo respirator combines a clear face mask and a powered air supply, without belts or hoses. Although providing higher protection than other respirators used in health care, user acceptance of this device has not been assessed with validated tools. We surveyed healthcare workers (HCWs) within a US medical system using Halo respirators in 2021. Subjects completed 3 surveys over 8 weeks, which included the Respirator Comfort, Wearing Experience, and Function Instrument (R-COMFI), a validated tool to assess respirator tolerability. The survey included additional questions about user acceptability and respirator preference. Responses were evaluated for change over time and for significant predictors. Of 113 HCWs who completed the initial survey (29% response rate), mean ± SD R-COMFI score was 9.1± 5.1, (scale 0-47, lower=more tolerable) and did not change over time (P=.42). Fewer years in healthcare significantly predicted better R-COMFI score (P=.01). Many users preferred Halo in both usual care (45%-52%) and care of patients with COVID-19 (60%-64%). Halo respirators received favorable tolerability scores by HCWs, who often preferred them, especially during care of patients with COVID-19. Given demand for respirator use in health care, the innovative design provides higher protection than other respirators with a favorable user experience.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Thermal Expansion and Pressure Loss in Air Hoses made from Different Materials

This study was carried out to numerically and experimentally examine the thermal expansion of four different air hoses with the same geometric shape and dimensions, produced from rubber types with different raw materials, and to examine its effects on pressure loss. Hoses are manufactured from EPDM, ECO, AEM and NBR/CSM rubber compounds. The thermal expansion test was performed at 100°C and 140°C. Thermal and flow analyses and solid-fluid interaction (FSI) analyzes were performed with ANSYS 19.2 commercial finite volumes software. In the study, independence from mesh number was studied. k- Ɛ was chosen as the turbulence model. As a result of the study, the maximum expansion was observed in ECO material and in AEM, EPDM and NBR/CS materials, respectively. It has been determined by tests and analyses that air hoses made of AEM and ECO materials with a low modulus of elasticity have the highest values in diameter expansion. These deformation values caused the pressure value of 300 kPa to decrease to 298.5 kPa at 100 oC and to 298.41 kPa at 140 oC for AEM and decreased the 300 kPa pressure value to 298.1 kPa for ECO. It has been determined that the importance of material selection in air hose designs and the deformation due to the material will affect the pressure loss

Non Iatrogenic Colonic Barotrauma- A Case Report

Barotrauma is injury caused by high pressure. Colonic barotrauma can range from only mucosal injury to multiple perforations. Most common cause of colonic barotrauma is due to air insufflation during colonoscopy. Here, we are presenting the case of a 20- year-old young male working in a wheat flour packaging factory. He suffered sigmoid colon perforation as a result of non iatrogenic barotrauma. Sigmoid perforation was closed in two layers with diversion loop ileostomy created and seromuscular injuries repaired. Ileostomy was closed after three months. In this case, high pressure pipe was not inserted inside but directed from a distance. Machines used in the industries deliver compressed air at much higher pressure than the one required to perforate intestine. Such high pressure along with funnel like configuration of thighs, buttocks and perineum facilitates easy entry of air in the colon. Air can enter through anus even if the air hose is kept near it for few seconds without actually inserting inside. Thus, it is important to make workers aware of hazardous consequences of the machines used.

Spiral Vibration Cooler for Continual Cooling of Biomass Pellets

Cooling is an important process during the production of pellets (as post-treatment). The pellet cooling process significantly impacts the quality of the pellets produced and the systematic use of energy. However, the cooling systems currently in use sometimes encounter technical problems, such as clogging of the perforated grids (sieves), the discharge hopper, or pellet degradation may occur. Therefore, a prototype of a new pellet cooling system using a vibrating feeder was tested. The aim of the study is to present a new variation of pellet cooling system using spiral vibration cooler as a possible solution next to a counterflow cooler. The presented system was tested (critically evaluated and discussed) in two design variants. The first variant consists in cooling by chaotic movement of the pellets. The second is then in combination with the chaotic movement of the pellets together with the action of intense air flow using specially placed air hoses. All tests involved pelletization of rapeseed straw. It was found that both cooling system variants could, realistically, be used. However, the variant with an intense air flow was more energy-intensive, a factor which is, however, offset by the higher quality of the pellets. No negative impact of vibrations to pellets quality was occur. Studies provide insight into new usable technologies that do not reduce the efficiency of the process as a result of grate clogging.

PERBANDINGAN METODE PRELOADING DENGAN VAKUM KONSOLIDASI TANAH PADA PEMODELAN DI LABORATORIUM

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the parameter comparison of the magnitude of the primary reduction and consolidation time in the preloading method using PVD and vacuum method using PVD with modeling in the laboratory. The benefit of this research is that it can provide a comparison of the preloading method and the vacuum method in terms of accelerating the consolidation time as well as contributing to science in the field of soil improvement. Primary consolidation theory is used in this research. Quantitative descriptive research method with testing data collection techniques by means of modeling in the laboratory. The modeling of the vacuum method used a test tub measuring (1.2 × 0.6 × 0.9) m, the vacuum pump suction capacity of 5 Pa, the air hose as PHD and geomembrane cloth as PVD material. The preloading method with PVD uses a test tub measuring (0.8 × 0.6 × 0.9) m, preloading load in the form of bangka sand (ɣ = 1.532 t / m³) with a thickness of 10 cm and a geomembrane cloth as PVD material. In each test basin filled with soil and water with a soil volume weight of 1.3 t / m³, a ground surface height of 0.5 m and a groundwater level of 0.42 m. The results showed that with the same amount of reduction, namely 7.26 mm preloading method using PVD took 81 hours while in the vacuum method the time needed was 41 hours. Thus it can be concluded that the reduction in the vacuum method is faster than the preloading method with PVD. Keywords: Primer settelment, PVD, Vacum, consolidation time

Optimization of operational parameters of a liquid desiccant system integrated with a heat recovery unit

The liquid desiccant system can make a contribution to a sustainable path for maintaining healthy and comfortable indoor environments. The liquid desiccant system has two major subsystems, dehumidification and regeneration. Cold energy recovery was achieved by passing the indoor exhaust air through an air hose to import and dehumidify the inlet air prior to the precooling stage/phase. Heat energy recovery was effected by a heat exchanger. The system simply recycles the heat energy without any moisture transfer in the air, preheating the inlet air to the regeneration subsystem. Furthermore, based on the dehumidification capacity, regeneration capacity and the personal comfort criteria, the optimal match of air volume was selected. The results show the condition with the dehumidification airflow of 2600 CMH and the return air ratio in the range from 75% to 80% range was suitable for personal comfort. In this case, the matching regeneration airflow was 1600 CMH without heat recovery, so that the air flow rates for dehumidification and regeneration are optimal.

Results of Testing of a New Type of Mine Ventilation Stopping in the Potash Mine Production Area

The design of a new type of mine ventilation stopping designed for the configuration of a mine workings driven by Ural-20R combine, which is widely used in the potash mines of the Verkhnekamsk potash-magnesium salt deposit is described in the article. The materials from which the prototype of the mine ventilation stopping was made, in terms of their characteristics, corresponded to the requirements established as a result of mathematical and computer modeling. The stopping bearing frame made of AD31T1 duralumin alloy is able to withstand temperatures of 470–510 °С. The fire-prevention cloth for the prototype is made of BT-11 basalt fabric, which is used at temperatures from –250 to 650 °С. Methodology was developed for testing a mine ventilation stopping in the mining section of a potash mine, which simulates a change in the air flow pressure and its speed due to the action of natural draft that occurs during fire in a mine. The article describes the results of tests of a prototype mine ventilation stopping in the operating mine BKPRU-2 (PAO Uralkali), which confirmed the following theoretical assumptions. The developed mine ventilation stopping allows to reliably isolate the mine working area from the passage of air mass and flue gases, i.e., either isolate the fire source from fresh air entering it, or protect the working area from the penetration of flue gases into it. At the same time, the construction of the shaft ventilation stopping does not require a compressor or other device for pumping air that requires an electric power source, since the air hose will be inflated with a compressed air balloon. These factors will allow the construction of a mine ventilation stopping in a short period of time (not more than 20 min.) by the forces and means of miners before the arrival of paramilitary mine rescue units.

Untethered-Bioinspired Quadrupedal Robot Based on Double-Chamber Pre-charged Pneumatic Soft Actuators with Highly Flexible Trunk.

Given that mobile soft robots are adaptable to the environment, they are always tethered with slow locomotion speed. Compared with other types of mobile robots, mobile soft robots may be more suitable for rescuing tasks, accompanying elderly people, and being used as a safe toy for children. However, the infinite freedom of soft robots increases the difficulty of precision control. In addition, the large volume and long tube of the conventional soft actuator structure limit the range of motion of current mobile soft robots. In this article, a newly designed innovative untethered-bioinspired quadrupedal robot based on double-chamber pre-charged pneumatic (DCPCP) soft actuators with highly flexible trunk is proposed. Asymmetrical cross-tendons actuated by servo motors are used to drive the DCPCP soft legs so that buckling can be avoided and mimic the gait of quadruped animals with the simplest drive and control strategy. In addition, the proposed design greatly improves energy efficiency and exhibits superior performance of variable stiffness. The bioinspired highly flexible trunk is designed with the supporting spine structure and tendon driven muscle to deform, which can constantly adjust to the contact situation between the foot and the ground to adjust the center of gravity of the soft quadruped robot and increase stability when walking and turning. The proposed soft quadruped robot does not require any air compressors, valves, and hoses. The characteristics of untethered, high-energy efficiency, linear control, and stability make the soft quadruped robot suitable for many applications.

A tool for gas dynamic logging in drainage holes

The paper presents the design and specifications of a modular down-the-hole logging tool to analyze gas dynamics in horizontal uncased drainage holes drilled from roadways. The tool incorporates a pneumatic push bar to advance the tool in the hole together with air hose and electric cable, an electro-drive air control, inflatable removable sealer and a flow rate for gas flow from a sealed section of a hole to its mouth. The author gives recommendations on using the tool in coal mines.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ГАЗОДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО КАРОТАЖА ДЕГАЗАЦИОННЫХ СКВАЖИН

In the paper, construction and technical parameters of modular hole device for gas-dynamic logging of horizontal degassing open holes drilled from workings are represented. The device includes pneumatic pusher which provides movement of the device into hole with air hose and electric wire, electrically controlled pneumatic distributor, inflatable attachable hole sealer and indicator of gas discharge from isolated location of the hole to its сollar. Recommendations for using the developed device at coal mines are represented.