Air Cathode Catalyst Research Articles

Ionothermal carbonization of biomass to construct sp2/sp3 carbon interface in N-doped biochar as efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical to various energy conversion and storage systems. Developing cost-effective and high performance metal-free carbon as an alternative to Pt-based ORR electrocatalytsts is a promising strategy for the commercialization of these clean energy conversion technologies. In this work, the microalgae biomass with a high N content was used as a precursor to prepare N-doped biochar material via an ionic liquid-assisted carbonization process. Experimental results show that the sp2/sp3 carbon interface and pore structure of the as-synthesized biochar material could be tuned by the polymerization of the ionic liquids and the catalysis of Fe species in the carbonization process. The as-synthesized N-doped biochar material exhibited robust electrocatalytic ORR performance with a high catalytic activity, excellent long-term stability and great tolerance to methanol and CO. The pyridinic N species was identified as the active catalytic site for the ORR. A Zn-air battery was assembled using the N-doped biochar as the air cathode catalyst and showed favourable performance. This work provides a straightforward strategy to prepare efficient and low-cost functional carbon materials for clean energy conversion from naturally abundant biomass.

Metal Phthalocyanine-Porphyrin-based Conjugated Microporous Polymer-derived Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Zn-Air Batteries.

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) as emerging porous materials with diverse structures and tunable building-units have attracted much attention in the electrochemical field. Herein, we designed phthalocyanine-porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymers as precursors for fabrication of Co, Fe, N tri-doped graphene composites towards oxygen reduction and evolution reaction (ORR/OER). As expected, the elements cobalt and iron are well dispersed in graphene carbon and interact with the nitrogen sites, thereby providing extra electrocatalytic active sites and enhancing its overall conductivity. Benefiting from its unique design and structure, the obtained catalyst affords a superior bifunctional catalytic activity with a positive onset potential of 0.957 V for ORR, and a low overpotential of 0.36 V for OER. More attractively, the CoFeNG is employed as an air cathode catalyst in Zn-air batteries, showing a maximum current density of 215 mA cm-2 and good cycle stability for 20000 s. The rational design of phthalocyanine-porphyrin-based derivatives provides a feasible route for the construction of high-performance ORR/OER catalysts.

Improvement of oxygen reduction capacity by activated carbon doped with broccoli-like Co-Ni2P in microbial fuel cells

Poor efficiency is considered as the adverse limitation of the development of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Increasing the catalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for air cathode catalyst is believed to be a superior approach to improve the efficiency of MFCs. Due to the attribute of high-efficient and easily-achieved, the broccoli-like Co-Ni2P is developed to catalyze the reduction of oxygen as a suitable substitution for the noble Pt-based metal catalysts. The maximum power density with Co-Ni2P/AC-2 reaches as high as 1814 ± 68 mW m−2, which is 98% higher than that with the control. By doping Co-Ni2P into the activated carbon, the diffusion resistances and charge transfer resistances are enormously reduced and the electron exchange current density is increased to 1.69 mA cm−2, 201% higher than that of the control. It is proved that Ni2+/Ni3+ and Co2+/Co3+ electron redox couples in Co-Ni2P play an intensified role in oxygen reduction, which serve as the surface-active sites and speed up the four-electron transfer reaction by offering a more efficient pathway to reduce oxygen molecules. Furthermore, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) is conducted to explore the catalytic mechanism of Co-Ni2P and illustrate its superior ORR performance.

Elucidation of Active Sites on S, N Codoped Carbon Cubes Embedding Co–Fe Carbides toward Reversible Oxygen Conversion in High‐Performance Zinc–Air Batteries

The development of high-performance but low-cost catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of central importance for realizing the prevailing application of metal-air batteries. Herein a facile route is devised to synthesize S, N codoped carbon cubes embedding Co-Fe carbides by pyrolyzing the Co-Fe Prussian blue analogues (PBA) coated with methionine. Via the strong metal-sulfur interaction, the methionine coating provides a robust sheath to restrain the cubic morphology of PBA upon pyrolysis, which is proved highly beneficial for promoting the specific surface area and active sites exposure, leading to remarkable bifunctionality of ORR and OER comparable to the benchmarks of Pt/C and RuO2 . Further elaborative investigations on the activity origin and postelectrolytic composition unravel that for ORR the high activity is mainly contributed by the S, N codoped carbon shell with the inactive carbide phase converting into carbonate hydroxides. For OER, the embedded Co-Fe carbides transform in situ into layered (hydr)oxides, serving as the actual active sites for promoting water oxidation. Zn-air batteries employing the developed hollow structure as the air cathode catalyst demonstrate superb rechargeability, energy efficiency, as well as portability.

Decoration of Pd Porous Structures on Perovskite Oxides to Improve Li-Air Battery Performance

Perovskites La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC) and Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) are still low in the catalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) although it exhibits relatively good catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, palladium (Pd) was deposited over the LSC surface to improve the ORR activity of the LSC. The Pd decorated perovskite La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (Pd/LSC) was characterized by using various analytic techniques. Pd was deposited on the surface of LSC powders in nanostructured forms without giving a influence on the crystallinity of LSC. The surface area of the Pd/LSC samples dramatically increased over 10 wt% due to the formation of Pd porous structure over the perovskite surface. The electrochemical characterization of the Pd/LSC was examined in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. In aqueous electrolyte, the Pd/LSC materials exhibited higher ORR and OER activities than LSC and KB. The ORR activity rapidly increased with the increase of Pd wt% deposited in order of 5<10<20<30, though the OER activity displayed not much different values for all the Pd weight percentages. The Pd/LSC materials were applied as air cathode catalyst of lithium air battery to examine their catalytic performances in non-aqueous electrolyte. The highest discharge capacity and the longest cycle life were observed over 30wt% Pd/LSC catalyst. It is concluded that the decoration of Pd over perovskite LSC oxide was more effective to increase the ORR activity, resulting in increasing the performance of lithium air battery.

The Crystallinity Effect of Manganese Dioxide for Durability of Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery

Zn-air battery is of great interest in rechargeable batteries due to its low cost, environment-friendly and theoretically high energy density which is about 1086 Wh kg-1 [1]. The activity and durability of cathode are the bottleneck of the battery performance, which attribute to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during discharging and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during charging. Manganese dioxide (MnO2), an abundant and valence-varied transitional metal oxide, has great potential as bifunctional air-cathode catalyst in Zn-air battery. Despite extensive research efforts have been devoted to MnO2 for Zn-air battery, few disclose the relationship between crystallinity and battery durability. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of MnO2 samples prepared in a simple beaker (BK) and samples synthesized via the hydrothermal method (HT). The ORR studies revealed respectively for BK-sample and HT-sample an electron number of 3.67-3.95 and 3.68-3.84 in the potential range of 0.4-0.8 V. Afterwards, the samples were evaluated for their performance in a homemade Zn-Air battery. The sample BK delivered a peak power density (42.8 mW cm-2 at an applied current density of 71.0 mA cm-2) on a par with the sample HT (41.6 mW cm-2 at 68.2 mA cm-2). Interestingly, even though both of the sample showed similar discharge and charge voltage during the initial few cycles, the as-prepared sample HT showed more stable cycling performance after long-term discharge-charge cycling, especially for the charging process. After 120th cycle at current density of 2 mA cm-2, the voltage gap of sample HT (1.12 V) is much lower than that of sample BK (1.32 V). The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) recorded before and after the cycling measurement exhibited comparable charge transfer resistance for the two as-prepared samples whereas smaller charge transfer resistance of sample HT after the cycle test. The superior cycling durability in sample HT might be ascribed to the better crystallinity of MnO2 and less trend in collapse from the aspect of structure.

Corrosion and discharge performance of a magnesium aluminum eutectic alloy as anode for magnesium–air batteries

Magnesium aluminum eutectic alloy (Mg–34 % Al) was prepared as anode of magnesium–air battery with a view to decrease the corrosion rate of magnesium anode. Results indicate that as–cast eutectic alloy has a lower corrosion rate and a lower discharge activity in 3.5 % NaCl solution. The assembled battery with as–cast eutectic alloy as anode, a water soluble graphene poly (sodium 4–styrenesulfonate)/graphene based NaCl solution and a graphene/Mn3O4 nanometre composite as air cathode catalyst has a higher discharge activity. Lower corrosion rate of as–cast anode is due to corrosion products of black aluminum–rich oxide formed in fine lamella β–Mg17Al12 phase.

Fe, N dual doped graphitic carbon derived from straw as efficient electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and Zn-air batteries

In this paper, we present a facile and one-step way for synthesizing Fe, N dual doped highly porous graphitic biomass carbon (FeNC) by using K2FeO4 to fulfill the activated process and catalytic graphitization of straws. The FeNC demonstrates hierarchically porous structure with large surface area of 1034 m2 g−1, Fe, N dual doping with certain amount of Fe-Nx, and graphitic structure. With these favorable features, the electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) reveals that the FeNC exhibits positively onset potential with highly comparable limiting current density when comparing with the sample using conventional KOH activated agent. In additional, the assembled Zn-air battery using FeNC as air-cathode catalyst delivers a maximal power density of 128.4 mW cm−2. Considering the abundance of straws on the earth and the low-cost and green prepared process, the present FeNC materials are highly promising in application in ORR catalysts for Zn-air battery and other energy-related fields.

Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-doped Porous Carbon Derived from ZIF-8 as Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst for Microbial Fuel Cells

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped porous nanocarbon (ZIF-C-N-S) catalyst was successfully synthesized derived from ZIF-8 and thiourea precursors. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the as-obtained ZIF-C-N-S catalyst exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline electrolyte and superior durability-longer than commercial Pt/C catalyst. The enhancment of electrocatalytic activity mainly be come from the open pore structure, large specific surface area as well as the synergistic effect resulted from the co-doping of N and S atoms. In addition, the ZIF-C-N-S catalyst is also used as the air cathode catalyst in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) device. The maximum power density and stable output voltage of ZIF-C-N-S based MFC are 1315 mW/m2 and 0.48 V, respectively, which is better than that of Pt/C based MFC.

Direct pyrolysis and ultrasound assisted preparation of N, S co-doped graphene/Fe3C nanocomposite as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions.

Bifunctional electrocatalysts to enable efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential for fabricating high performance metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Here, a defect rich nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene/iron carbide (NS-GR/Fe3C) nanocomposite as an electrocatalyst for ORR and OER is demonstrated. An ink of NS-GR/Fe3C is developed by homogeneously dispersing the catalyst in a Nafion containing solvent mixture using an ultrasonication bath (Model-DC150H; power - 150W; frequency - 40kHz). The ultrasonically prepared ink is used for preparing the electrode for electrochemical studies. In the case of ORR, the positive half-wave potential displayed by NS-GR/Fe3C is 0.859V (vs. RHE) and for the OER, onset potential is 1.489V (vs. RHE) with enhanced current density. The optimized NS-GR/Fe3C electrode exhibited excellent ORR/OER bifunctional activities, high methanol tolerance and excellent long-term cycling stability in an alkaline medium. The observed onset potential for NS-GR/Fe3C electrocatalyst is comparable with the commercial noble metal catalyst, thereby revealing one of the best low-cost alternative air-cathode catalysts for the energy conversion and storage application.

Porous phosphorus-rich CoP3/CoSnO2 hybrid nanocubes for high-performance Zn-air batteries

Porous metal phosphide cubes with exposed vertices and edges containing abundant catalytically active sites are promising electrocatalysts. Herein, by integrating the advantages of the phosphorus-rich cobalt phosphides and bimetallic oxides to form hybrid architectures, we prepared CoP3/CoSnO2 via phosphating CoSn(OH)6 nanocubes, which has unique porous nanocubic structure. The optimized CoP3/CoSnO2 porous nanaocubes showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for OER/ORR. What’s more, the electrochemical performances of CoP3/CoSnO2 porous nanaocubes as air cathode catalyst for zinc air batteries were better than that of commercial RuO2 and 20 wt% Pt/C with a mass ratio of 1:1 as the air cathode catalyst. This work offers a new strategy to fabricate metal phosphide with porous nanocubic structures.

Study on leaf-shaped cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks synthesized by solvothermal method as high discharge current density air cathode catalyst for lithium-oxygen batteries

A type of leaf-shaped cobalt-based metal-organic framework material is synthesized by solvothermal method with 1.3:1 cobalt and terephthalic acid ratio and uses as the air electrode catalyst for lithium-oxygen batteries working at high discharge current density. Physical characterization displays that the interaction between cobalt and terephthalic acid can produce a crystal material and the different proportions have a certain influence on their structure and crystallinity. In addition, micromorphology with cobalt and terephthalic acid 1.3:1 shows a leaf-like structure, and synaptic structure on the leaf surface may be beneficial to improve the catalytic activity. Electrochemical tests present that air electrode using this leaf-like structure catalyst materials has good reversibility and the specific discharge capacities can achieve to 3573.90 mAh g−1 at 0.5 mA cm−2 current densities. However, compared with existing catalysts, these leaf-shaped catalyst materials have no obvious advantage in improving the cycle life.

Hierarchically open-porous carbon networks enriched with exclusive Fe–Nx active sites as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts towards acidic H2–O2 PEM fuel cell and alkaline Zn–air battery

The development of both H2–O2 proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and Zn-air batteries are challenged by high-efficiency air cathodes with a high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalytic-activity. The increase of density and accessibility of active sites are widely accepted effective approach to boost the oxygen reduction reaction. In this work, we develop a template-free g-C3N4-assisted pyrolysis strategy to transform ZIF-8 polyhedrons to hierarchically open-porous carbon networks incorporated exclusive Fe–Nx active sites. Due to the integration of high specific surface area, highly open porous architecture with meso/micro-pores, and high-density Fe-Nx active species, the electro-catalysis performance of optimal catalysts exceed commercial Pt/C in alkaline solution, and is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C in acidic solution, which is one of the best recently reported carbon-based electrocatalysts. Impressively, when it is used as an air cathode catalyst, it achieves a high power density of 481 mW·cm−2 in acidic H2–O2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and an excellent performance in the alkaline Zn–air battery (a high power density of 121 mW·cm−2).

Coupling hollow Fe3O4 nanoparticles with oxygen vacancy on mesoporous carbon as a high-efficiency ORR electrocatalyst for Zn-air battery

Designing a low-cost, high-efficiency and robust doped-carbon-based oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst for large-scale implementations of fuel cells is highly desirable but challenging. In this work, we report a new type of hollow Fe3O4 with oxygen vacancy incorporating on mesoporous carbon prepared by pyrolyzing mesoporous carbon enriched with oxygen-containing functional groups, in combination with ferric acetylacetonate. The catalysts possess high specific surface area with predominantly mesoporous architecture and ultrahigh nitrogen content (up to 7.47 wt%). Benefiting from the integration of abundant active nitrogen and Fe-Nx species, and synergistic effect between Fe3O4 nanoparticles cooperated with oxygen vacancy and N-doped carbon, the half-wave potential of the preparing hybrid catalyst is 30 mV more positive than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline medium, and exhibits a high selectivity (4 e− process), and outstanding long-term stability. More importantly, the C-FePPDA-900 catalyst displays a high power density (106 mW cm−2) and specific capacity of 724 mAh gzn−1 when it is used as an air cathode catalyst in a specifically assembling Zn-air cell, superior to those of most reported catalysts.

Nitrogenous mesoporous carbon coated with Co/Cu nanoparticles modified activated carbon as air cathode catalyst for microbial fuel cell

Microbial fuel cells have received tremendous attention for harvesting electricity and treating wastewater simultaneously using electrogenic microorganisms. To enhance the power output, a nitrogenous mesoporous carbon coated with cobalt and copper nanoparticles as an excellent cathode catalyst is synthesized, optimized and measured. The maximum power density of the microbial fuel cell equipped with synthesized cathode catalyst is 2033 mW·m−2, which is 147.0 % higher than that of bare AC. The optimized modified activated carbon indicates significant improvement in oxygen reduction reaction performance, which shows high open circuit, low electron transfer resistance and high exchange current density. In addition, pyridinic-N, cobalt and copper promote the performance of oxygen reduction reaction synergistically by exposing more active sites. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption curve further indicates the exposed surface area and pore volume. In short, cobalt and copper nanoparticles modified activated carbon significantly improved the electrocatalytic property of cathode for rapid electron transfer.

Cobalt ion intercalated MnO2/C as air cathode catalyst for rechargeable aluminum–air battery

Overcoming the self-corrosion and surface passivation of aluminum anode, and the slow kinetics of cathodic electrochemical reactions are of great significance for the practical application of aluminum–air battery. In this study, we replaced the traditional aqueous electrolyte with AlCl3-urea ionic liquid electrolyte, and prepared Co–MnO2/C catalysts as cathode catalyst. Structures and electrocatalytic activity of the x % Co–MnO2/C (x is the mole percent of Co to Mn, x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) catalysts have been investigated systematically. After Co ions intercalation, the specific surface area of the catalyst increased and average pore diameter decreased. The unique interaction between Co ions and MnO2 led to an increase in the catalytic activity of the catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared with MnO2/C. In particular, 40% Co–MnO2/C showed the largest specific surface area (154.25 m2 g−1) and the smallest average pore diameter (6.47 nm). It showed the most positive half-wave potential (0.727 V vs. RHE) and the biggest limiting current density (4.744 mA cm−2) in ORR process, and also exhibited the lowest onset potential (1.593 V) and the biggest limit current density (15.177 mA cm−2) in OER process. Furthermore, aluminum–air battery assembled with 40% Co–MnO2/C demonstrated excellent reversible charge and discharge performance, which had an average discharge voltage of 1.5 V and an average charge voltage of 2 V during 30 cycles at a limited battery capacity of 375 mAh g−1. Our results reveal the possibility of designing a rechargeable aluminum-air battery working at ambient conditions based on the Co–MnO2/C air cathode catalyst for the first time. Our work opens up a new way to achieve the rechargeability of aluminum-air batteries, and our highly active electrocatalytic materials can be used in a wider range of electrochemical energy applications.

N-doped porous carbon hollow microspheres encapsulated with iron-based nanocomposites as advanced bifunctional catalysts for rechargeable Zn-air battery

The design and development of low-cost, efficient, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are desirable for rechargeable metal-air batteries. In this work, N-doped porous hollow carbon spheres encapsulated with ultrafine Fe/Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (FeO x @N-PHCS) were fabricated by impregnation and subsequent pyrolysis, using melamine-formaldehyde resin spheres as self-sacrifice templates and polydopamine as N and C sources. The sufficient adsorption of Fe 3+ on the polydopamine endowed the formation of Fe-N x species upon high-temperature carbonization. The prepared FeO x @N-PHCS has advanced features of large specific surface area, porous hollow structure, high content of N dopants, sufficient Fe-N x species and ultrafine FeO x nanoparticles. These features endow FeO x @N-PHCS with enhanced mass transfer and considerable active sites, leading to high activity and stability in catalyzing ORR and OER in alkaline electrolyte. Furthermore, the rechargeable Zn-air battery with FeO x @N-PHCS as air cathode catalyst exhibits a large peak power density, narrow charge-discharge potential gap and robust cycling stability, demonstrating the potential of the fabricated FeO x @N-PHCS as a promising electrode material for metal-air batteries. This new finding may open an avenue for rational design of bifunctional catalysts by integrating different active components within all-in-one catalyst for different electrochemical reactions. N-doped porous hollow microspheres with encapsulated Fe-based nanocomposite show impressive activity and stability for ORR and OER, capable of serving as efficient cathode catalysts for the rechargeable Zn-air batteries.

Integrating PtNi nanoparticles on NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets as a bifunctional catalyst for hybrid sodium–air batteries

The hierarchical porous architecture of Pt3Ni1/NixFe LDHs was electro-synthesized as a binder-free and bifunctional air cathode catalyst for hybrid sodium–air batteries.

Highly active Fe-N-doped porous hollow carbon nanospheres as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts in both acidic and alkaline media.

Hierarchical iron-nitrogen-codoped porous hollow carbon spheres have been synthesized by using melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin spheres as templates, nitrogen sources and pore-forming agents. FeCl3, 1,10-phenanthroline and carbon black were used as iron, nitrogen and carbon sources. The as-obtained porous hollow carbon spheres possess a high specific surface area of 807 m2 g-1, as well as exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in both acidic and alkaline media. In 0.1 M HClO4 solution, the onset potential was 0.857 V (vs. RHE) and the half-wave potential was 0.715 V, which are only 78 and 80 mV less than those of the 20% Pt/C catalyst, respectively. In addition, in 0.1 M KOH solution, the onset potential was 1.017 V and the half-wave potential was 0.871 V for the ORR, which are 22 and 28 mV more positive than those of the Pt/C catalyst, respectively. Meanwhile, the catalyst also exhibited excellent methanol tolerance and long-term durability with a more effective four-electron pathway compared to the 20% Pt/C catalyst in both acidic and alkaline media. When used as an air-cathode catalyst for a Zn-air battery, the maximum power density of a Zn-air battery with the MF-C-Fe-Phen-800 cathode was 235 mW cm-2 at a high current density of 371 mA cm-2, and a high open-circuit potential of 1.654 V, superior to that of Pt/C (199 mW cm-2, 300 mA cm-2, 1.457 V). A series of designed experiments suggested that the remarkable performance was attributed to the high specific area, hollow carbon spheres, unique hierarchical micro-mesoporous structures, high contents of pyridinic-N and graphitic-N. The superiority of the as-prepared catalyst makes it promising for use in practical applications.

Optimization of Catalytic Sites in Cobalt‐Modified Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon towards High‐Performance Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries

AbstractEfficient yet low‐cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are highly desirable for energy systems such as metal‐air batteries and fuel cells. Herein, we report the synthesis of efficient cobalt‐modified nitrogen‐doped carbon (N−C/Co) electrocatalysts by using a one‐pot pyrolysis. The abundant source of N in g‐C3N4 contributes to the in situ N doping in the carbon matrix, which favors the formation of Co‐related catalytic active sites. The N−C/Co‐1 (prepared with 1 mmol Co salt) sample exhibits the best performance towards the ORR, with a positive half‐wave potential of 0.86 V (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), high stability and excellent methanol tolerance, which outperforms the commercial Pt/C catalyst. We find that the high performance is dependent on the optimal content of Co that can achieve the maximum amount of Co−Nx catalytic species. In addition, we reveal that the size effect of Co nanoparticles is not the determining factor for the ORR activity in the current system, as the kinetics of the ORR reaction is dominantly determined by the active sites derived from Co−Nx species. By exploiting the N−C/Co‐1 sample as an air cathode catalyst, the assembled Zn‐air battery presents a maximal power density of 153 mW cm−2 as well as good durability during continuous cycle tests.