Ailments Of Human Beings Research Articles

Chemoprevention of chemical-induced skin cancer by Panax ginseng root extract

BackgroundCancer has emerged as a major health problem globally as a consequence to the increased longevity of the population, changing the environment and life style. Chemoprevention is a new and promising strategy for reducing cancer burden. Recently, some natural products have been identified for their chemopreventive activity to reduce the cancer incidence. Ginseng is known for its potential to treat various ailments in human beings. The present study was designed to explore the anticancer and antioxidative potential of Panax ginseng against chemical-induced skin carcinogenesis in mammals. MethodsSkin tumors were induced in Swiss albino mice by a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (100 μg/100 μL acetone) and, 2 wks later, promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (thrice in a wk in 1% acetone) till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16 wk). Hydroalcoholic ginseng root extract at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight/d was orally administered at the peri-initiation, postinitiation, and peri–post-initiation stages. ResultsGinseng root extract treatment caused a significant reduction in tumor incidence, cumulative number of tumors, tumor yield, and tumor burden, as compared to the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene–croton oil-treated control group. Further, biochemical assays revealed a significant enhancement in the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin C, and total proteins but a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels in both the liver and skin with ginseng root extract treatment, as compared to carcinogen-treated control group. ConclusionThese results suggest that P. ginseng has the potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer in mammals.

Pharmacognostical and Antibacterial Evaluation of <i>Murraya koenigii</i> (L) Spreng

Our present study was aimed to detect the medicinal uses of the plant Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng belonging to the family Rutaceae by performing various studies such as Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and antibacterial activity, using seven different bacterial strains, which are harmful to human beings. The Murraya koenigii commonly known as “Curry leaf“ has been recognized in different systems of traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases and ailments of human beings. The leaves of the plant are said to be cooling and stomachache. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial evaluation

Pharmacognostical and Antibacterial Evaluation of <i>Murraya koenigii</i> (L) Spreng

Our present study was aimed to detect the medicinal uses of the plant Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng belonging to the family Rutaceae by performing various studies such as Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and antibacterial activity, using seven different bacterial strains, which are harmful to human beings. The Murraya koenigii commonly known as “Curry leaf“ has been recognized in different systems of traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases and ailments of human beings. The leaves of the plant are said to be cooling and stomachache. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial evaluation

Anti-hyperglycemic and Anti-hyperlipemia Effects of Syzygium Cumini Seed in Alloxan Induced Diabetes mellitus in Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus)

Context: Syzygium cumini commonly known as jamun, a tree grown throughout India is used in traditional medication for the treatment of different diseases and ailments of human beings. Objective: In this study, the seed extract of Syzygium cumini was evaluated for anti-hyperlipidemic activity in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Materials and methods: LD50 and acute toxicity studies of Syzygium cumini (SC) were done. Hyperglycemia was induced in mice by alloxan. Three days after alloxan induction, the hyperglycemic mice were treated with Syzygium cumini orally at the dose of 150 and 250 mg/kg body weight daily for 21 days. After 21days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and serum glucose and lipid profiles were estimated in the serum. Results: The LD50 was found to be 1000 mg/kg; 150 and 250 mg/kg doses were selected as no toxic symptoms were observed at both doses. SC significant (p<0.05) reduced serum glucose level, CH, TG-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C and increased HDL-C, body weight and liver, kidney weight. Conclusion: The above results prove potential of hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activity Syzygium cumini.

Antimicrobial properties from naturally derived substances useful for food preservation and shelf-life extension- a review.

Chitosan is polysaccharide in nature with linearity in arrangement and composed of β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit) which remain in a random distribution. Chitin and the derived chitosan having promising antimicrobial properties, both have potential industrial and biomedical implications for treatment of many ailments in human beings.

Starch and amylose variability in banana cultivars

Unripe banana fruit flour based products has a more beneficial effect on stomach related ailments in human beings due to the presence of more resistant starch (RS), which is strongly associated with amylose content. The present study was carried out to analyse sugars, starch and amylose content of mature unripened banana fruits of nine banana cultivars. Among tested cultivars, starch content varied in the range of 80.53–86.76 % and amylose content ranged from 24.41 to 36.87 %. Amylose content differentiates the dessert bananas from plantain and cooking bananas. The plantain and cooking bananas viz, Nendran, Monthan and Saba recorded >34 % of amylose and they have greater potential in food industries as raw material. Preparation of amylose rich banana fruit flour products reduces considerable post-harvest losses, especially in Nendran, thereby converting the rejected/culled banana fruits into flour based food products.

Screening of solanum surrattense for antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and haemagglutination

ObjectivePlants produce a variety of useful bioactive materials that have been used to cure different ailments of human beings. With the same idea in mind, the crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Solanum surrattense were screened for antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and heamagglutination activities. MethodsStandardized assays were followed for the determination of antibacterial, antifungal phytotoxic and heamagglutination activity. ResultsThe results of the antibacterial showed that crude methanolic extract was significantly active against Staphylococcus aureus (86%) The n-hexane fraction showed good activity against Pseudomonas aerogenosa (66.6%) and Bacillus subtilus (66.6%). The crude methanolic extract and various fractions were inactive against all test fungi. The crude methanolic extract, n-hexane, CHCI3 and aqueous fractions showed moderate phytotoxic activities of 46.67%, 40.00%, 33.34% and 33.34% respectively at 1000 μg/mL. The crude methanolic extract and various fractions S. surrattense were unable to agglutinate RBCs of the human blood indicating that this species lack phytolectins. ConclusionThe test sample showed significant antibacterial activity, no antifungal and heamagglutination activity while moderate phytotoxic was observed against Lemna minor L.

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND STUDY ON ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF OCIMUM CANUM HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS

Many herbal remedies individually or in combination have been recommended in various medical expositions for the cure of different diseases. Free radicals are implicated for many diseases including diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer, aging, etc. In the treatment of these diseases, antioxidant therapy has gained utmost importance. Currently there has been an increased interest globally to identify antioxidant compound that are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects. As plants are source of natural antioxidants, much attention has been gain to plants. The quest for natural antioxidants for dietary, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses has become a major industrial and scientific research challenges over the last two decades. A variety of free radical scavenging antioxidants exists within the body in which many of them are derived from dietary sources like fruits, vegetables and teas. The Ocimum canum , commonly known as ‘Kala Tulsi’, has been recognized in different system of traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases and ailments of human beings. In this study, Antioxidant activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Ocimum canum was determined by various antioxidant assays. In all the testing, a significant correlation existed between concentrations of the extract and percentage inhibition of free radicals. These findings suggest that the hydro-alcoholic extracts are able to scavenge free radicals, by either hydrogen or electron donating mechanisms, and can therefore act as primary antioxidants. The antioxidant property may be related to the phenols and flavonoids present in the extracts. These results clearly indicate that Ocimum canum can be effectively used against free radical mediated diseases. Key words: Ocimum canum , phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological properties, antioxidant activity

Argyreia speciosa Linn. f. : Phytochemistry, pharmacognosy and pharmacological studies

Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. The plant, Argyreia speciosa Linn.f. (Syn: Argyreia nervosa) belongs to family convolvulaceae has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. It is reported to contain various alkaloids, glycosides, falconoid glycoside and steroids. It has been reported as antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeal, hepatoprotective, nootropic, anticonvulsant, central nervous system, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, nematicidal, aphordiasic, immunomodulatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Many isolated constituents from A. speciosa lack the reports of pharmacological activities, which support its further pharmacological studies. Key words: Argyreia speciosa, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, traditional uses.

Pongamia pinnata: Phytochemical constituents, Traditional uses and Pharmacological properties: A review

Many herbal remedies individually or in combination have been recommended in various medical treatises for the cure of diff erent diseases. Th e Pongamia pinnata, commonly known as ‘Karanj’, has been recognized in diff erent system of traditional medicines for the treatment of diff erent diseases and ailments of human beings. It contains several phytoconstituents belonging to category fl avonoids and fi xed oils. Th e fruits and sprouts of P. pinnata were used in folk remedies for abdominal tumours in India, the seeds for keloid tumours in Sri Lanka and a powder derived from the plant for tumours in Vietnam. In Sanskritic India, seeds were used for skin aliments. Today, the oil is used as a liniment for rheumatism. Leaves are active against Micrococcus; their juice is used for cold, cough, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, fl atulence, gonorrhoea and leprosy. Roots are used for cleaning gums, teeth and ulcers. Bark is used internally for bleeding piles. Juices from the plant as well as oil are antiseptic. In the traditional systems of medicines, such as Ayurveda and Unani, the P. pinnata plant is used for anti-infl ammatory, anti-plasmodial, anti-nonciceptive, anti-hyperglycaemics, anti-lipidoxidative, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-ulcer, anti-hyperammonic and antioxidant. Its oil is a source of biodiesel. It has also alternative source of energy, which is renewable, safe and non-pollutant. Key words: Karanj, Pongamia pinnata, phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological properties