Aid Supplies Research Articles

Exploring everyday racist symbolism in community recreation spaces: a critical race content analysis

ABSTRACT There has been a palpable shift in the public’s collective consciousness about the realities of racism in recent years. Community recreation organizations, like all other institutions, are not exempt from promoting racial inequity through taken for granted policies and practices. The purpose of this study was to explore some of the racist symbolism found within everyday artifacts at local community centres in a sub-urban area of Ontario, Canada. A Critical Race Content Analysis methodology was used to analyze bandages, promotional materials, and sunscreen. This study found that bandages in first aid supplies were exclusively for White skin tones, images in promotional materials featured mostly White people, and the sunscreen products stocked were not made for dark skinned folx. A discussion on the implications of each finding is provided followed by limitations and recommendations for research and practice.

A Two Phases Multiobjective Trajectory Optimization Scheme for Multi-UGVs in the Sight of the First Aid Scenario.

Timely delivery of first aid supplies is significant to saving lives when an accident happens. Among the promising solutions provided for such scenarios, the application of unmanned vehicles has attracted ever more attention. However, such scenarios are often very complex, while the existing studies have not fully addressed the trajectory optimization problem of multiple unmanned ground vehicles (multi-UGVs) against the scenario. This study focuses on multi-UGVs trajectory optimization in the sight of first aid supply delivery tasks in mass accidents. A two-stage completely decoupling fuzzy multiobjective optimization strategy is designed. On the first stage, with the proposed timescale involved tridimensional tunneled collision-free trajectory (TITTCT) algorithm, collision-free coarse tunnels are build within a tridimensional coordinate system, respectively, for the UGVs as the corresponding configuration space for a further multiobjective optimization. On the second stage, a fuzzy multiobjective transcription method is designed to solve the decoupled optimal control problem (OCP) within the configuration space with the consideration of priority constrains. Following the two-stage design, the computational time is significantly reduced when achieving an optimal solution of the multi-UGV trajectory planning, which is crucial in a first aid task. In addition, other objectives are optimized with the aspiration level reflected. Simulation studies and experiments have been curried out to testify the effectiveness and the improved computational performance of the proposed design.

Forecasting and stock control for fast-moving humanitarian aid supplies

In Indonesia, effective disaster management is imperative due to the region's susceptibility to a wide array of natural and man-made disasters. The establishment of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) underscores the significance of this issue. This study investigates the improvement of disaster logistics, with a particular emphasis on the challenges associated with fast-moving humanitarian supplies. The primary obstacle in disaster logistics lies in the unpredictability of demand after the disaster occurred, coupled with the potential for supply disruptions stemming from inadequate inventory in warehouses. A critical focus of this research is placed on fast-moving humanitarian aid supplies, which are essential for immediate relief efforts, even when lead times are short. The study's primary objective is the development of a safety stock level policy for BNPB's national warehouse, adjusted through the analysis of demand forecasts and lead times. Notably, the research results for the year 2022 reveal minimal errors in demand forecasts. This outcome highlights the effectiveness of the safety stock policy in proactively addressing spikes in demand and mitigating uncertainties related to supply timelines. The research underscores the critical role of accurate inventory management, particularly in the case of fast-moving humanitarian supplies, within the context of disaster relief efforts. It emphasizes the importance of forward-thinking planning to meet urgent needs, ultimately contributing to more efficient disaster response efforts and ensuring the timely delivery of vital relief items to affected populations.

Human rights among Korean dental hygiene students in hospital clinical practice

BackgroundThe human rights of dental hygiene students should be guaranteed during practice at medical institutions for their mental and physical health as well as professionalism, for patient safety. Safe and well guaranteed clinicians can perform their work in a more stable way. This study investigated the human rights circumstances of dental hygiene students during their hospital clinical practice at dental institutions.MethodsThis study used a cross-sectional survey design. Convenience sampling was conducted on 121 third- and fourth-year dental hygiene students from universities in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon. The survey used the Human Rights Indicators for Dental Hygiene Students to investigate the rights to safety, equality, and personality to understand participants’ experiences of guaranteed fundamental rights. Data were collected from October 31 to November 8, 2019. A chi-square test was used to assess differences in experience according to general characteristics.ResultsDuring dental hygiene practice at dental institutions, less than 50% of students felt safe. When human rights violations occurred in dental institutions, only 42.4% of students received guidance on response measures from their universities. While 72.1% of students who practiced at dental university hospitals were given information on first aid supplies (facilities) within dental institutions, only approximately 45% of students who practiced at lower-scale dental institutions were given this information (p < 0.05). Regarding equality rights, only 52.5% of trainees reported that they had received equal treatment from healthcare workers during hospital clinical practice.ConclusionsDuring dental practice at dental institutions, Korean dental hygiene students confirmed that human rights (including safety rights, equality rights, and personality rights) were guaranteed to varying degrees. Dental hygiene students’ rights during hospital clinical practice in dental institutions should be guaranteed across institutions regardless of their scale. This is necessary for dental hygiene students’ human rights and safe policies and guidelines in dental institution clinical practice and regular monitoring systems.

DISASTER EMERGENCY TRAINING TO INCREASE MIGRANT CAPACITY IN SIDOARJO

Migrants seeking asylum in Indonesia are a vulnerable group who need attention and training regarding disaster emergencies. This is because Indonesia is a maritime country which geographically and geologically allows natural disasters to occur. Although aid supplies are very important in emergency situations, preventive measures and preparedness are also equally important so it is necessary to provide health services in the form of expertise in disaster emergencies for migrants. Disaster emergency management efforts are a system that cannot be divided and the quality of life of patients after a disaster injury depends on pre-hospital stage treatment. The aim of this activity is to increase understanding and empowerment by provide outreach and training for migrants living in Sidoarjo. Before counseling, a 10 minutes pre-test was conducted for the participants. followed by a counseling session, training and discussion session for approximately 60 minutes, and after that a post-test was carried out for 10 minutes. Next, the results of the pre-test and post-test are assessed and data processing and evaluation are carried out. The results of the Paired T-tests show a p-value of 0.00 so the sig value is &lt;0.05 which indicates there is a significant difference regarding the pre-test and post-test data. This can be interpreted as an increase in insight, understanding, empowerment, as well as a change in attitude towards migrants after attending the counseling session. Community service activities regarding disaster emergencies for migrants living in Sidoarjo have had a significant impact in the form of increasing insight and empowerment regarding the topic of disaster emergencies.

A robust optimization framework for two‐echelon vehicle and UAV routing for post‐disaster humanitarian logistics operations

AbstractProviding first aid and other supplies (e.g., epi‐pens, medical supplies, dry food, water) during and after a disaster is always challenging. The complexity of these operations increases when the transportation, power, and communications networks fail, leaving people stranded and unable to communicate their locations and needs. The advent of emerging technologies like uncrewed autonomous vehicles can help humanitarian logistics providers reach otherwise stranded populations after transportation network failures. However, due to the failures in telecommunication infrastructure, demand for emergency aid can become uncertain. To address the challenges of delivering emergency aid to trapped populations with failing infrastructure networks, we propose a novel robust computational framework for a two‐echelon vehicle routing problem that uses uncrewed autonomous vehicles (UAVs), or drones, for the deliveries. We formulate the problem as a two‐stage robust optimization model to handle demand uncertainty. Then, we propose a column‐and‐constraint generation approach for worst‐case demand scenario generation for a given set of truck and UAV routes. Moreover, we develop a decomposition scheme inspired by the column generation approach to generate UAV routes for a set of demand scenarios heuristically. Finally, we combine the decomposition scheme within the column‐and‐constraint generation approach to determine robust routes for both trucks (first echelon vehicles) and UAVs (second echelon vehicles), the time that affected communities are served, and the quantities of aid materials delivered. To validate our proposed algorithms, we use a simulated dataset that aims to recreate emergency aid requests in different areas of Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria in 2017.

Food systems under shock: the evolution of food security status of Karantina residents after the Beirut explosion

Robust food systems are crucial for ensuring access to affordable and nutritious food, particularly in times of crisis. Economic instability, currency devaluation, and political turmoil can disrupt food systems, leading to higher food prices, compromised nutrition, and increased vulnerability. Lebanon is a stark example of this, where a catastrophic explosion in Beirut’s Port in 2020 worsened an existing economic and humanitarian crisis. The depreciation of the Lebanese currency led to soaring food prices, impacting people’s ability to buy food, and pushing many into poverty, illustrating the significant impact of the state food systems during crises (FAO, 2021). In times of crisis, a simplified food system, relying on emergency food aid supplies, replaces conventional food system, as food aid and cash transfers become the primary source upon which the affected population depends to ensure their food security and meet their essential needs. In this article we report on research conducted between 2020 and 2022 focusing on the impacts of the Beirut explosion on food security status of the permanent residents the Karantina neighborhood—the closest residential area to the Beirut port. We surveyed 100 households chosen at random, examining shifts in food security and nutrition at three intervals: 6 months prior to the explosion, 6 months following it, and 2 years after the event. The findings revealed a sharp decline in food security and diet quality among residents in the two-year period following the explosion. The proportion of food-secure households fell from 71% to 2%, while those with acceptable food consumption decreased from 96% to 30%. Additionally, income and debt situations worsened significantly. Almost 95% of residents resorted to crisis coping strategies, such as using savings, borrowing money for food, selling furniture, withdrawing children from school, and reducing education and health expenses, rendering them highly vulnerable. Food and cash assistance were provided to all households for 6 months to one-year post-explosion, resulting in improved food security and consumption after 6 months. However, these gains diminished 2 years later, once the assistance ended, revealing a lack of resilience in the food system. In conclusion, soon after the assistance stopped, the prolonged deterioration of Lebanon’s economic situation, compounded by multiple crises, pushed these households further into poverty, exacerbating food insecurity. This research underscores the critical importance of sustained support and comprehensive economic reforms to rebuild food systems and promote nutrition resilience in crisis-affected regions.

Experiences and Interventions by Botswana police officers in providing emergency care in road traffic collisions in the greater Gaborone region

BackgroundClose to 500 people die annually from Road Traffic Collisions in Botswana. The country's Emergency Medical Service is limited in capacity and coverage and greatest in the region of the capital city, Gaborone. Botswana Police Service officers are often first responders to the incidents and provide first aid, however the extent of their interventions and their experiences has not been studied. MethodsA questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was conducted in January 2016 on a sample of 99 officers on past pre-hospital care training, attitudes towards providing pre-hospital care for accident victims, the number of road traffic collision related deaths and injuries encountered in the last 6 months, their interventions to the victims and limitations encountered in providing care. ResultsThe officers self-reported attending to a median of 10 injured victims (IQR = 5 – 20) and a median of 2 deaths (IQR = 0 – 4) in the preceding 6 months. The officers generally acknowledged their role and responsibility to provide pre-hospital care to the victims. Officers frequently secured accident scenes and transported injured victims to health facilities. They rarely performed haemorrhage control on victims, performed any airway manoeuvres or splint injured limbs. The major limitations to providing care were lack of first aid supplies and personal protective equipment, lack of knowledge and skills to provide care and interference from onlookers at accident scenes. ConclusionBotswana Police officers in the greater Gaborone area attend to a considerable number of traffic related injuries and fatalities. These results support many opportunities for educational interventions to add value to pre-hospital care.

Leaching of Phthalates from Medical Supplies and Their Implications for Exposure.

In this study, 72 single-use medical products, grouped into four categories, namely, creams/liquids (n = 8), medical devices (n = 46; 15 of 46 labeled "di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-free"), first aid products (n = 13), and intravenous (IV) infusion/irrigation fluids (n = 5), were collected from an intensive care unit in a hospital in New York State in 2015 and analyzed for the migration of 10 phthalates in ethanol/water (1:1) mixture for 1 h. The total phthalate concentration (Σphthalates) leached from medical products ranged from 0.04 to 54,600 μg. DEHP was the major phthalate found in 99% of the samples analyzed, with the highest amount leached from respiratory support devices (median: 6560 μg). DEHP was also found at notable concentrations in products labeled as "DEHP-free". Direct exposure to phthalates from the use of medical devices and first aid supplies and dermal intake from the use of creams/lotions were calculated. The highest DEHP exposure dose of 730 μg/kg bw/day was determined from the use of cannula for neonates. This is the first study to document the amount of phthalates leached from various medical supplies and associated exposures.

Impact of vaccination on the dynamics of COVID-19: A mathematical study using fractional derivatives

Arrival of a new disease marks a yearlong destruction of human lives and economy in general, and if the disease turns out to be a pandemic the loss is frightening. COVID-19 is one such pandemic that has claimed millions of lives till date. There is a suffering throughout the world due to various factors associated with the pandemic, be it loss of livelihoods because of sudden shutdown of companies and lockdown, or loss of lives due to lack of medical aid and inadequate vaccination supplies. In this study, we develop a six-compartmental epidemiological model incorporating vaccination. The motivation behind the study is to analyze the significance of higher vaccination efficacy and higher rate of population getting vaccinated in controlling the rise in infectives and thereby the untimely demise of various individuals. The work begins with an ordinary differential equation model followed by stability analysis of the same, after which a fractional-order derivative model of the same is formulated and the existence of uniformly stable solution for the system is proved. In addition to this, we present the stability of the equilibria in general for the fractional model framed. The sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number along with its correlation with various parameters is presented. In addition to this, sensitivity of certain state variables in the fractional model with respect to different fractional orders as well with respect to different infection rate is exhibited in this work. Factors related to lockdown and usage of face shields are incorporated in the entire study, and importance of these is highlighted in the study as well. The major takeaway from the study is that mere vaccination will not suffice in eradication of the virus. The vaccine efficacy plays a major role along with other intervention included in the model. The numerical simulations are carried out in MATLAB software using ode45 and fde12.

Compact Real-Time Control System for Autonomous Vehicle

Due to global warming, there is an increase in the number of natural disasters occurring around the world. With more disasters happening, post disaster search and rescue personnel are putting their life on the line more often in scouting out the post disaster site and sending in first aid supplies while waiting for rescue vehicles like fire trucks and ambulance to arrive. In Malaysia alone, the use of compact Autonomous Landed Vehicle (ALV) for this purpose is limited. There are many compact ALV that are being developed with microcontrollers and microprocessors such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi as the central control system, but they are fragile and can be damaged easily when used in harsh environments. In addition, multiple microcontrollers and microprocessors are needed for the ALV as parallel processing and limited gates are some of the common problems with microprocessors and microcontrollers. In this paper, a central control system using an FPGA is proposed together with the design of a prototype for the ALV. The ALV consists of three systems: Propulsion System, Sensor System, and Remote-Control System. These systems are integrated together with the Altera DE-115 board as the central control unit of the ALV. Verilog Hardware Description language (Verilog HDL) is used for designing the control system for the ALV. The proposed system is stable, low cost, allows parallel processing and the compact size of the ALV allows smooth manoeuvring through small areas of post disaster sites to scout out the area and send in first aid supplies to the victims.

Universal Postpartum Naloxone Provision: A Harm Reduction Quality Improvement Project.

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility of combining implicit bias and harm reduction education for birthing unit providers and staff with the provision of a naloxone-containing home first aid kit for all postpartum people. A quality improvement project was pilot tested at a small rural hospital in Maine. Birthing unit providers and staff were educated regarding implicit bias and harm reduction activities. All postpartum people were offered a take-home first aid kit containing first aid supplies, local recovery resources, naloxone administration instructions, and a 2-dose nasal naloxone pack. Data were collected over the course of 1 year from May 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022. Data included the number and percentage of staff completing the education modules, number of postpartum discharges, number and percentage of postpartum people who received harm reduction education, and number and percentage of postpartum people who accepted the take-home first aid kits with or without naloxone. Fourteen of 17 (83%) providers and staff completed the education modules. One hundred ninety-seven postpartum people were discharged during the pilot project. One hundred ninety-two of 197 (97%) postpartum people received education from nursing staff on opioid overdose recognition and treatment. One hundred eighty-six of 197 (94%) postpartum people accepted the kits, and 150 of 197 (76%) also accepted the naloxone. Educating birthing unit staff and providers on implicit bias and harm reduction activities support universal postpartum overdose education and acceptance of a naloxone-containing home first aid kit.

A Reinforcement Learning Model of Multiple UAVs for Transporting Emergency Relief Supplies

In large-scale disasters, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, quick and sufficient transportation of emergency relief supplies is required. Logistics activities conducted to quickly provide appropriate aid supplies (relief goods) to people affected by disasters are known as humanitarian logistics (HL), and play an important role in terms of saving the lives of those affected. In the previous last-mile distribution of HL, supplies are transported by trucks and helicopters, but these transport methods are sometimes not feasible. Therefore, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to transport supplies is attracting attention due to their convenience regardless of the disaster conditions. However, existing transportation planning that utilizes UAVs may not meet some of the requirements for post-disaster transport of supplies. Equitable distribution of supplies among affected shelters is particularly important in a crisis situation, but it has not been a major consideration in the logistics of UAVs in the existing study. Therefore, this study proposes transportation planning by introducing three crucial performance metrics: (1) the rapidity of supplies, (2) the urgency of supplies, and (3) the equity of supply amounts. We formulated the routing problem of UAVs as the multi-objective, multi-trip, multi-item, and multi-UAV problem, and optimize the problem with Q-learning (QL), one of the reinforcement learning methods. We performed reinforcement learning for multiple cases with different rewards and quantitatively evaluated the transportation of each countermeasure by comparing them. The results suggest that the model improved the stability of the supply of emergency relief supplies to all evacuation centers when compared to other models.

Model of Surveillance Prevention and Control Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) in Samutprakan Central Prison

This research has a general objective 1) To study the situation and operations of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) outbreak abroad and domestically. And specific objectives 2) To study surveillance patterns, Prevent and control the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) In Samut Prakan Provincial Central Prison 3) To make policy recommendations for the development of surveillance models and guidelines, Prevent and control the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID -19) In Samut Prakan Central Prison. It's qualitative research. The tools used in the research are documentary research data collection, in-depth interviews from 11 key contributors. Using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions of 8 people. The results showed that 1) Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Situation It affects inmates in prisons both in Thailand and abroad. Prisons abroad have imposed measures to reduce overcrowding of inmates by temporarily releasing vulnerable inmates such as the elderly, Persons with underlying medical conditions and pregnant women and inmates who are on trial at court, Inmates are vaccinated, and preventive measures are taken by staff to reduce transmission. Meanwhile, prison operations in Thailand have been implemented in accordance with coronavirus surveillance measures. 2019 Strictly with new inmate care (upstream) Former inmates (midstream) and inmates released (downstream) 2) Surveillance model, Prevent and control the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Samut Prakan Central Prison in accordance with the management guidelines "4 M". Starting from the management side, focusing on participatory management, especially with the host hospital, Bang Bo Hospital with good relationships for a long time. Determine the indicators, directs clear operations from inner prisons to other prisons, Adopt bubble &amp; seal principles during the pandemic. Emphasis is placed on vaccine coverage among all staff and inmates. The budget is supported by several of the most important sources of budget: public donations. Personnel: Healthcare workers of prisons and host hospitals, such as: Bang Bo Hospital is very cooperative and helpful. Prison volunteers helped operate. Equipment, Material Side: Aid supplies are managed jointly through the support of host hospitals and between prisons. And 3) important policy recommendations should be managed by continuing to expand the management policy. The management should apply Buddhist management principles to the implementation of disease control surveillance. Manage resources, especially budgets from local government organizations, support increased operations, and develop the necessary medical supplies database model to be ready for use in emergencies.

Stratified delivery aid plans for humanitarian aid distribution centre selection

Humanitarian aid distribution centres (HADCs) are essential for bridging the gap between stranded beneficiaries and relief aid during a disaster. We incorporate three delivery aid plans (DAPs), namely prioritization by relief items, speed of delivery, and disaster location, into the decision to select HADCs. While anticipating decentralized relief aid supplies, humanitarian practitioners face uncertainties in HADC selection. Grounded in Contingency Theory, DAPs assist in anticipating the uncertain relief aid supplies contingent on the external environment. Hence, HADC selection must incorporate DAPs in pursuit of three performance criteria, namely efficiency, effectiveness, and equity. We propose a stratified multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) approach for HADC selection in the post-disaster planning phase to counter the uncertainty of decentralized relief aid supplies. We perform numerical studies of the proposed dynamic model using the data on Cyclone Fani. The results show that HADC selection incorporating DAPs is more robust and impactful. We also conduct sensitivity analysis to examine the trade-offs between the performance criteria.

Pragmatism, Peirce, and the Pandemic

Pragmatism, Peirce, and the Pandemic

Optimal humanitarian warehouses location considering vulnerability previous condition

Goal: This study tackles on location problem, analyzing the urban shape base on vulnerability previous conditions in affected areas. Design / Methodology / Approach: A numerical analysis is performed using an integer programming model to find optimal preposition warehouses location. Results: The minimum cost is reached when the needs of all the people affected by the natural disaster are met. Excess construction of warehouses implies additional maintenance and administration expenses, while lack of construction of warehouses implies expenses originated by unsatisfied demand. Limitations of the investigation: Among the main limitations found in this study were the lack of updated data and few studies related to natural disaster prevention in the case study. Practical implications: Organizations should implement the recommendations given by the new model. This is because the model minimizes the cost, since the damage caused by a natural disaster is much more expensive than preventing it. Originality / Value: The novelty in this study is the creation of a punishment factor based on the level of vulnerability of the routes used in transportation. This is to simulate the impact the deterioration of routes has on the response time of sending aid supplies.

ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ЮНРРА В ПОЛЬШЕ 1945-1947 гг.: УСПЕХИ И ПРОВАЛЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ГУМАНИТАРНОЙ МИССИИ

The article is devoted to the activities of the mission of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Poland. The history of UNRRA characterizes the development of humanitarian activity on truly international basis, it also allows us to trace the tasks and priorities of post-war planning and reconstruction process. The main efforts of the organization were concentrated on the situation at the European continent. Providing assistance to Poland as one of the hardest-hit countries in the war whose fate has also caused political controversy, was a serious test for the UNRRA. The article is based on American and Soviet diplomatic documents, as well as materials from the UN archive; sources give us reason to conclude that the main difficulties of the organization included agreement on the deployment of the mission, as well as planning supplies. The authors characterize the main directions of the mission's activities in 1945-1947, present information on the volume and structure of humanitarian aid supplies to Poland. Archival documents of UNRRA provided a basis for studying the activities of the organization aimed at stimulating the process of repatriation to Poland. Humanitarian aid and funding of programs through the organization made it possible to stabilize the situation and minimize the negative consequences of war in Poland. UNRRA's international approach has been both a strength and a weakness of the organization. On the one hand, the international approach contributed to an effective response to political challenges and logistical problems. On the other hand, the interaction of the USSR and the USA in one organization inevitably led to an aggravation of political contradictions regarding the goals and objectives of the organization's activities in a particular region.

Ethical Considerations Associated with \u201cHumanitarian Drones\u201d: A Scoping Literature Review

The use of drones (or unmanned aerial vehicles, UVAs) in humanitarian action has emerged rapidly in the last decade and continues to expand. These so-called ‘humanitarian drones’ represent the first wave of robotics applied in the humanitarian and development contexts, providing critical information through mapping of crisis-affected areas and timely delivery of aid supplies to populations in need. Alongside these emergent uses of drones in the aid sector, debates have arisen about potential risks and challenges, presenting diverse perspectives on the ethical, legal, and social implications of humanitarian drones. Guided by the methodology introduced by Arksey and O’Malley, this scoping review offers an assessment of the ethical considerations discussed in the academic and gray literature based on a screening of 1,188 articles, from which we selected and analyzed 47 articles. In particular, we used a hybrid approach of qualitative content analysis, along with quantitative landscape mapping, to inductively develop a typology of ethical considerations associated with humanitarian drones. The results yielded 11 key areas of concern: (1) minimizing harm, (2) maximizing welfare, (3) substantive justice, (4) procedural justice, (5) respect for individuals, (6) respect for communities, (7) regulatory gaps, (8) regulatory dysfunction, (9) perceptions of humanitarian aid and organizations, (10) relations between humanitarian organizations and industry, and (11) the identity of humanitarian aid providers and organizations. Our findings illuminate topics that have been the focus of extensive attention (such as minimizing risks of harm and protecting privacy), traces the evolution of this discussion over time (i.e., an initial focus on mapping drones and the distinction of humanitarian from military use, toward the ethics of cargo drones carrying healthcare supplies and samples), and points to areas that have received less consideration (e.g., whether sustainability and shared benefits will be compromised if private companies’ interest in humanitarian drones wanes once new markets open up). The review can thus help to situate and guide further analysis of drone use in humanitarian settings.

Majene Earthquake: Humanitarian AID Integration System

One area that has the potential for an earthquake is West Sulawesi. When an earthquake occurs, the West Sulawesi government will arrange disaster aid distribution through the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD). This research aims at designing an information system to help the management of aid supplies in West Sulawesi. We used a descriptive method in this research. The qualitative approach was also used in this study to obtain the data. The results show that the difficulty faced by BPBD Majene is in communication between various parties involved in disaster management and recording disaster data. It is due to the complex conditions of the Majene earthquake and difficult coordination. So that in developing this information system is expected to provide easy access by users. In conclusion, with this information system, they can share information by the access rights in the information system.