Provision Of Aid Research Articles

How NGO staff understand Maslow's hierarchy of needs and MHPSS pyramid in Iraq: a pilot descriptive study

BACKGROUND: The Maslow's hierarchy of needs (Maslow's pyramid) and the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) pyramid are integral frameworks in humanitarian settings whose aim is to address individual and community needs. However, confusion often arises among non-governmental organization (NGO) workers about the application and differentiation of these models. AIM: This study aims to investigate the extent of confusion among NGO workers in Iraq as regards the Maslow's and MHPSS pyramids, identify the causes of this confusion, and explore its implications in the context of humanitarian mental health support. METHODS: A pilot descriptive study was conducted in December 2023 through an online survey involving 61 local NGO workers from MHPSS components in Iraq. We created a measure to assess the participants’ familiarity with both models, their perceived differences, and their views on the models’ applicability in humanitarian contexts. RESULTS: Male participants represented 55.7% (n=34) of the sample, while females accounted for 44.3% (n=27). Most participants were aged 25–34 (57%, n=35) and 35–44 (34%, n=21). A majority held bachelor’s degrees (67.2%, n=41), with 21.3% (n=13) holding master’s degrees. In terms of occupation, 49.2% (n=30) were engaged in the protection sector (gender-based violence and child protection), followed by health (19.7%, n=12), education (4.9%, n=3), and MHPSS staff roles in other sectors (26.2%, n=16). The study revealed that 54.1% (n=33) of the participants struggled to understand or differentiate between Maslow's and MHPSS pyramids. The causes of this confusion were related to perceived structural similarities (18.03%, n=11), lack of awareness and knowledge about the MHPSS pyramid (63.93%, n=39), and a combination of both (18.03%, n=11). CONCLUSION: The study underscores the importance of better training and education for NGO workers to improve their understanding of the Maslow's and MHPSS pyramids. Addressing this knowledge gap can increase efficacy in humanitarian aid provision, ensuring that individual and community needs are adequately met in crisis situations.

Совершенствование правового регулирования использования лекарственных препаратов при оказании первой помощи: проблемные и дискуссионные вопросы

Summary. Investigation purpose – based on the analysis of the range of medicines approved for medical use in the Russian Federation and their practical application in certain types of medical care, identify groups and a list of medicines for their possible use in providing first aid to victims by certain categories of first aid participants, as well as related problems requiring legislative regulation. Material and methods of the investigation. Research materials – normative legal acts reflecting the provision of first aid and medical, including emergency and primary health care, emergency and urgent care, namely: 5 federal laws; 4 Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation; 3 administrative documents of the Government of the Russian Federation; 26 administrative documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; 1 administrative document of the Department of Health Moscow; 31 instructions for the use of medicines for medical use. Research methods: analytical, logical and information modeling. Investigation results and their analysis. Groups and a list of medicines that can be used in providing first aid to victims are proposed for consideration and discussion. Problematic issues requiring legislative regulation in the use of medicines at the stage of first aid have been identified. Groups and a list of medicines for first aid to victims are offered for consultations and discussions with representatives of scientific institutions of the medical community and government agencies that determine health policy in the Russian Federation in order to develop management decisions aimed at achieving a high level of preservation of human life and health in emergency situations.

Надання безоплатної правової допомоги населенню у процесі здійснювання навчальної діяльності: аспекти міжнародного та українського історичного досвіду

The article highlights the issues of international and Ukrainian historical experience of providing legal aid in general, and frees legal aid in the course of educational activities in particular. The author traces the peculiarities of this process from its origins to the present day. The author argues that the provision of free legal aid in the context of educational activities is a multifaceted process which, both in the world and in Ukraine, has been taking place for centuries in various forms and under the influence of various factors. It is emphasized that its undoubted prerequisite was the legalization of the legal profession and the establishment of an extensive system of legal education. The author emphasizes that these facts were the result of the growing importance of law in the process of regulation of social relations. The author analyzes the main stages and features of the European historical experience of legal aid in the period of Antiquity, theMiddle Ages and theModern era. The author also considers some historical experience of providing free legal aid in the context of educational activities which took place in Ukraine. The author proves that Ancient Rome was a pioneer in creating an extensive system of legal education and developing various forms of legal aid. The author establishes that the real establishment of the system of free legal aid, in particular, in the course of educational activities, took place only in the 1920s, and at first it was localized and limited mainly to the United States. It is argued that its implementation became possible as a result of a long scientific discussion in previous years, during which a new approach to legal training with a priority on practice was developed, and a form of such training – “legal clinic” – was found. The author shows that legal clinical education is considered to be one of the most effective today. The nature and peculiarities of the spread of legal clinical education, as well as the development of the relevant legal framework in Ukraine are traced.

A diversionary benevolent media strategy: Lobbying Saudi Arabia's humanitarian aid in Arabic and English

AbstractHumanitarian aid is often accompanied by broad media coverage. In academic research, there is a dominant bias toward Western studies on the topic. Following studies that emphasize the negative role of autocratic regimes using their media to frame threats as an intra‐state diversionary strategy, this study contributes to our understating of how autocratic regimes use the media and illuminates how they employ a diversionary benevolent strategy in the media through framing humanitarian activities. We illustrate this theory by using the case of media strategy models used by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) that frame its provision of humanitarian aid to global and national audiences. The empirical approach is based on an analysis of 263 articles from four leading Saudi newspapers published online in English and Arabic. The result indicates that the KSA encourages two different diversionary benevolent strategies. The first strategy is aimed at increasing the KSAs international community prestige, focusing on mediatization that depicts its alliance with global efforts while employing “threat” strategy towards its adversaries. The second strategy is aimed mainly at Saudi nationals with the purpose of increasing their support of the royal family.

LASPO 2012: ten years and beyond – a socio-legal study of the impact of legal aid cuts on service providers in England and Wales

ABSTRACT Major reforms via the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders (LASPO) Act 2012 and subsequent reforms have reduced the legal aid budget and the scope of eligibility in criminal as well as civil cases. According to Mansfield et al., the principles of justice that embody the legal aid provision has been neglected by governments for over a decade and as such; created a gap that emasculates the most vulnerable in society, such as recipients of legal aid. This study employs an interview-based approach to investigate alternative perspectives in terms of the cuts and widespread impact on service providers in England and Wales, such as barristers, and solicitors. Detailed qualitative data were collected to provide insights into the diminishing legal aid scheme through the lived experiences of both civil and criminal legal aid providers. The study examines the concerns of service providers regarding their future as public defenders and the future of the judicial system post-LASPO 2012, focusing on safeguarding the rights of individuals facing litigation and ensuring that newly qualified lawyers are not deterred from public defence roles due to the long-term effects of ongoing legal aid cuts.

Determinants of Tangible Breastfeeding Support Among Health Workers: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Breastfeeding is crucial in providing infants with needed nutrition and immunity to foster their healthy growth and development; yet, optimal support from health workers is critical for it to be successful. To determine factors influencing tangible breastfeeding support among health workers in Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nigeria's six geopolitical zones between August 2022 and February 2023 among health workers (N = 2,922). Data were gathered through an interviewer-administered, validated questionnaire. Significant factors of tangible breastfeeding support were identified through multivariable logistic regression, and corresponding odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. The mean age of the health workers was 28.6 (SD = 9.3) years. Just 45% (1,316) achieved optimal scores for tangible breastfeeding support. Only 31.4% (918) of lactation support providers/specialists practice tangible breastfeeding support and half (50.6%, 1,479) had a favorable attitude towards providing tangible breastfeeding support. About two-fifths (39.3%, 1,148) engaged caregivers in reviewing breast milk storage procedures, whereas, 54.6% (1,595) and 78.0% (2,279) of health workers assisted with breast pumps and breastfeeding attachment respectively. The odds of having optimal tangible breastfeeding support were higher for health workers aged 52 years or older compared to those aged under 20 years (aOR 1.88, 95% CI [1.13, 3.12]), a positive attitude (aOR 1.43, 95% CI [1.22, 1.69]), availability of a breastfeeding champion (aOR 1.47, 95% CI [1.21, 1.79]), 1.69]), provision of breast-pump videos (aOR; 2.33, 95% CI [1.85, 2.95]), and hand-expression videos (aOR; 1.41, 95% CI [1.02, 1.79]). (duplication). Health workers' tangible breastfeeding support in Nigeria is suboptimal and is driven by age, service level, attitude, availability of breastfeeding champions, and appropriate practice aids. Targeted interventions to improve health workers' attitudes, technical skills, provision of aids, and task shifting to non-specialists are needed for optimal tangible breastfeeding support.

Effect of hearing intervention on communicative function: A secondary analysis of the ACHIEVE randomized controlled trial.

The Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders (ACHIEVE) Study was designed to determine the effects of a best-practice hearing intervention on cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults. Here, we conducted a secondary analysis of the ACHIEVE Study to investigate the effect of hearing intervention on self-reported communicative function. The ACHIEVE Study is a parallel-group, unmasked, randomized controlled trial of adults aged 70-84 years with untreated mild-to-moderate hearing loss and without substantial cognitive impairment. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to a hearing intervention (audiological counseling and provision of hearing aids) or a control intervention of health education (individual sessions with a health educator covering topics on chronic disease prevention) and followed semiannually for 3 years. Self-reported communicative function was measured with the Hearing Handicap Inventory-Elderly Screening version (HHIE-S, range 0-40, higher scores indicate greater impairment). Effect of hearing intervention versus control on HHIE-S was analyzed through an intention-to-treat model controlling for known covariates. HHIE-S improved after 6-months with hearing intervention compared to control, and continued to be better through 3-year follow-up. We estimated a difference of -8.9 (95% CI: -10.4, -7.5) points between intervention and control groups in change in HHIE-S score from baseline to 6 months, -9.3 (95% CI: -10.8, -7.9) to Year 1, -8.4 (95% CI: -9.8, -6.9) to Year 2, and - 9.5 (95% CI: -11.0, -8.0) to Year 3. Other prespecified sensitivity analyses that varied analytical parameters did not change the observed results. Hearing intervention improved self-reported communicative function compared to a control intervention within 6 months and with effects sustained through 3 years. These findings suggest that clinical recommendations for older adults with hearing loss should encourage hearing intervention that could benefit communicative function and potentially have positive downstream effects on other aspects of health.

THE ACEH BESAR DISTRICT GOVERNMENT'S POLICY ON THE FULFILLMENT OF DISABILITY RIGHTS IN THE ACEH BESAR DISTRICT SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT

The pursuit of social justice and equity is a fundamental aspect of governance, especially when addressing the needs of marginalized groups. In Aceh Besar Regency, the government has been tasked with ensuring that the rights and needs of persons with disabilities are met through various policies and programs. This research focuses on the fulfillment of social rights for persons with disabilities in Aceh Besar Regency, highlighting the role of the Social Service in supporting the welfare of this group. Geographically, Aceh Besar Regency covers an area of 290,350.73 hectares with a population of 383,477 as of 2020. The economy of this regency is dominated by the tertiary sector, followed by the primary and secondary sectors. The Aceh Besar Social Service is responsible for carrying out government affairs in the social sector, including rehabilitation, protection, and social empowerment. This study identifies several programs implemented by the Social Service, such as culinary skills training, handicrafts, and creativity festivals for persons with disabilities. However, the findings indicate that the existing programs have not fully met the needs of persons with disabilities, particularly in terms of improving welfare and economic sustainability. Budget constraints are identified as the main obstacle to the effective implementation of programs, including the provision of medical aids. This research underscores the need for increased funding allocation and the development of more inclusive and sustainable programs to ensure the fulfillment of the social rights of persons with disabilities in Aceh Besar.

The politics of Gulf foreign aid: from survival and solidarity to political and military influence

This article critically examines the shifting dynamics of foreign aid politics within the Gulf states. Historically rooted in cultural factors and solidarity with Arab and Muslim nations, foreign aid from prominent donors such as the UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait has undergone a profound transformation. Their aid has evolved from solidarity aid into an effective instrument of foreign policy, used strategically to project power and expand regional influence. This shift has not only redefined the role of Gulf countries in international and regional politics but has also catalysed the transformation of states in the broader Middle East. This article, therefore, seeks to answer the following two questions: (1) How do we explain the evolution of the politicisation of Gulf foreign aid? and (2) To what extent has the provision of Gulf foreign aid been a crucial determinant of changing regional dynamics in the Middle East, particularly since the Arab uprisings in 2011? It argues that Gulf donors have become crucial power brokers, shaping the politics and trajectories of key states such as Egypt post 2011. Their substantial financial assistance has proven instrumental in steering political and socio-economic transformations, highlighting the pivotal role of Gulf aid in shaping regional affairs.

Some aspects of tactical medicine in service and combat activities of police officers under the conditions of the legal regime of martial state: problem issues in critical situations and combat conditions

The article highlights the problematic issues of tactical training of law enforcement officers in today’s conditions, considers the actual problems and challenges that law enforcement officers may face during the performance of official duties and the provision of first aid in combat conditions and emergency situations. The issue of the interaction of the National Police of Ukraine with other rescue services at the scene for the effective provision of first aid was considered. It is noted that the interaction of the police and other rescue services at the scene of the event in the conditions of martial law requires a special approach and careful planning. It is necessary to ensure a clear coordination of actions, an appropriate level of protection for the personnel of the rescue services, and to take into account the peculiarities of work in the conditions of hostilities. Effective interaction between different services will minimize the consequences of emergency situations and ensure the safety of the population in the conditions of martial law. The article highlights the algorithm of actions for providing assistance to injured persons by police officers under fire, considers the key issues of training law enforcement officers to provide effective first aid in conditions of martial law or extreme situations in general. The authors of the article emphasize the importance of unified training programs for police officers in tactical medicine, which should include both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Special attention is paid to ensuring a high level of readiness of police officers for quick and effective response to emergency situations and saving lives in the conditions of an aggravated conflict. Service situations in which police officers may find themselves are often accompanied by conflicts and their escalation, up to “fire contact” with the offender. Therefore, for the training of police officers, the section of tactical medicine is the most relevant, which teaches the basic skills of providing self- and mutual aid in combat conditions, which are primarily aimed at eliminating the preventive causes of death, taking into account the threat from combat operations or an active shooter. Unfortunately, there are infamous cases of the death of police officers while performing law enforcement tasks, which indicates the need for mandatory integration of first aid standards into their training and operations in various tactical situations. In addition, it is important to note that training police officers in tactical medicine will not only help them provide effective care to victims, but will also increase their level of safety while performing their duties. Therefore, unified training programs for police officers in tactical medicine should be an integral part of the training of law enforcement officers.

Thinking beyond the stomach: Fixing social work’s food aid provision in displaced environments

This brief note underscores the negative consequences of food aid monotony to mealtime dynamics among war-affected internally displaced families. The article argues that this is rooted in an unethical food aid practice in which social work agencies naively dole out the same food items over a period of time. Caused by monotonic diets, the meal table witnesses poor family commensal activities. Social welfare services have to think ‘beyond the stomach’ and reinvent their food assistance. The article therefore contributes by addressing food aid issues within social work practice and social care policy and urges those responsible to do better.

Strange Case of Dr. Bidder and Mr. Entrant: Consumer Preference Inconsistencies in Costly Price Offers

Consumers make price offers to sellers in a variety of domains, such as when buying cars or houses or when bidding in auctions for airline upgrades, art, or collectibles. Submitting an offer typically entails administrative, waiting, and opportunity costs. Making such costly price offers involves two intertwined decisions—in addition to determining how much to offer, consumers must also decide whether to make an offer in the first place. We examine the impact of offer-submission costs on consumer behavior using a series of incentive-compatible experiments. Our findings reveal a preference inconsistency, whereby the preferences implied by one of the decisions do not align with the preferences implied by the other. In particular, potential buyers enter more often than their offer amounts would predict based on standard economic models. This preference inconsistency is robust to two interventions designed to help consumers make offer-amount and entry decisions—(1)the provision of interactive-feedback decision aids and (2)the sequencing of the two sub-decisions in the normative order. Neither of these interventions resolves the inconsistency. Instead, the patterns of results suggest that consumers approach the offer-amount and entry decisions as if they were unrelated. We discuss the implications of our findings for the design of offer-submission interfaces, as well as for econometric attempts to infer consumer preferences from offer and bidding data.

Training and provision of mobility aids to promote autonomy and mobility of older patients in a geriatric emergency department: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Older adults have higher rates of emergency department (ED) admissions when compared to their younger counterparts. Mobility is the ability to move around, but also encompasses the environment and the ability to adapt to it. Walking aids can be used to improve mobility and prevent falls. According to international guidelines, they must be available in Geriatric EDs. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a program of training and provision of walking aids (WA), associated or not with telemonitoring, on fear of falling, mobility, quality of life and risk of falls up to 3 and 6 months in older adults cared for in an ED. A randomized controlled trial will be carried out in the ED. Participants will be randomized and allocated into three groups, as follows: A) walking aid group will be trained for the use of a walking aid and receive guidance on safe gait; B) walking aid and telemonitoring group will receive training for the use of a walking aid, guidance on safe gait, and telemonitoring (every two weeks for first three months); C) Control group will receive only guidance on safe gait. Patients will undergo a baseline evaluation encompassing sociodemographic and clinical data, mobility in life spaces, gait speed, muscle strength, functionality, quality of life, fear of falling, history of falls, cognition and mood before the intervention. Gait time and fear of falling will be assessed again after the intervention in ED. Finally, mobility in life spaces, functionality, quality of life, fear of falling, history of falls, cognition, and mood will be assessed 3 and 6 months after discharge from the geriatric ED through a telephone interview. Provision of walking aids in the geriatric ED is currently recommended. This study will be the first randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the impact of training and provision of these devices in the ED. Trial registration number: NCT05950269.

Pembinaan Mini First aid dan Sosialisasi Wajib Pajak pada Pelaku Pariwisata di Badung Bali

The recovery of tourism in Bali has a positive impact on tourism actors, although not 100% like before the Covid-19 pandemic. Tourism actors as partners are engaged in the industry of providing accommodation and travel services that often find conditions of small accidents experienced. This makes partners feel the need to gain knowledge about First aid so that they can provide first aid in the event of an accident. In addition, partners also feel that they lack a correct understanding of the obligations of reporting and paying taxes, especially as tourism actors. The purpose of this PKM is to increase partners' knowledge and skills regarding fist aid and taxpayers. The solutions provided are counselling on fist aid and taxpayers and training on first aid cases. The results of this PKM obtained an increase in partner knowledge and skills which were evaluated verbally. It can be concluded, the provision of first aid and taxpayer socialisation needs to be carried out regularly on tourism actors to support the work of partners.

Utilisation of audiovisual aids in the teaching and learning of business studies in secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria

The paper examined the utilisation of audiovisual aids in teaching and learning business studies in junior secondary schools in the Ojo local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design of survey type. A sample of 60 teachers was selected purposively. data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics to answer research questions, while a t-test was used to analyse the hypotheses. The finding revealed a significant difference between teachers’ qualifications, gender, and availability of audiovisual aids and their use by business studies teachers in secondary schools in Lagos State. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that the government give more priority to the enhancement of teachers' job performance through adequate provision of audiovisual instructional aids, and principals should supervise teachers in the classroom to ensure compliance with the use of available audiovisual instructional aids.

Affections of Hurricane OTIS and Its Impact on Human Rights

The fury of Hurricane OTIS on October 24, 2023 exposed pre-existing social inequalities and inequities in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. OTIS also evidenced the omissions before the hurricane, the abandonment during the hurricane and the inabilities after the hurricane of the authorities in charge of protecting society. The actions of the three levels of government were reprehensible before and after the impact of the hurricane. First, because there was no timely warning plan, the places of refuge were not made known, much less the level of destruction that the hurricane would cause. And after the hurricane, there was no response plan or protocols to respond to the most basic needs and protect citizens. This work was carried out under an inductive-deductive method in which a documentary review of national and international legislation was carried out, as well as literature related to the topic of research on natural disasters and human rights after Hurricane OTIS in Acapulco, Guerrero. , Mexico. The problems that subsequently prevailed and that affected the human rights of citizens were primarily the lack of prevention, safety and security, health, work, housing, public services, pollution and unequal access in the provision of aid. Definitely, aid in an emergency situation due to a natural disaster must be based on the perspective of human rights in order to provide relevant and effective assistance that fully meets all the basic needs of the victims for their prompt recovery and reconstruction.

Accessibility and Challenges of Legal Aid for Victims of Pneumoconiosis

Ensuring accessible legal aid for victims of pneumoconiosis is essential, yet challenging. This paper examines the accessibility and challenges of legal aid for persons affected by pneumoconiosis, a debilitating occupational disease. Despite legal frameworks aimed at protecting workers' rights, numerous obstacles hinder the efficient provision of legal aid. Ambiguous eligibility criteria, complex procedures, insufficient resources and high legal fees pose significant challenges. However, overcoming these challenges is essential to protecting the rights of pneumoconiosis victims and advancing occupational health protection.

Interest, Need, or Reputation? Determinants of Qatar's Foreign Aid

Abstract The literature on the motivations behind emerging donors’ foreign aid contributions—with the exception of larger countries such as China, India, Brazil and Turkey—lacks original data and empirical analyses. This article addresses this gap by providing a novel, detailed dataset of the foreign aid allocations of one resilient, relatively small emerging donor, Qatar, for the period from 2014 to 2021. The contents of our database, which we dub Qatar Aid Database, encapsulate the features of Qatar's international aid. To illustrate our dataset's efficacy, we investigate whether Qatar's foreign aid operations aim to satisfy donor interests, recipient needs, or something else. Our empirical findings affirm that although Qatar's aid allocation decisions prioritize recipient needs, its aid provision depends more on Qatar's foreign policy interests in the targeted countries.

How to Support People with Hearing Impairment beyond Hearing aid Provision - A Systematic Review on Self-Management Interventions

People with hearing handicap have to use a whole range of strategies to cope with everyday challenges - they have to self-manage their hearing impairment. While the support of self-management is well established in foreign language audiological rehabilitation programs, there are no recommendations in Germany yet. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is first to give an overview of existing self-management interventions for people with hearing handicap and then to suggest possible applications in the German care system. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed. The articles dealt with self-management interventions for people with hearing impairment. This eligibility criterion was applied to titles, abstracts, and full texts. If eligible, information on the publication, intervention, and evaluation were extracted and qualitatively summarized. The methodological quality of studies was investigated using the NIH assessment tool for interventional studies. 23 papers could be included and show a high heterogeneity regarding methodological quality, applied intervention, and design of evaluation. The interventions pursuing various goals include a wide range of content (e. g., communication improvement or psychosocial aspects) and have been implemented on a group-based, individual-based, or self-administered level. Despite a few studies that failed to demonstrate intervention effects, most evaluations found positive ef-fects of the intervention on hearing impairment, psychological well-being, and communication. The included studies present a high heterogeneity with regard to methodological quality, the intervention conducted, and the evaluation design. Therefore, a summary of the findings was only possible in a qualitative manner. Possibilities of adapting existing intervention programs as well as chances and limits of an implementation in the German health care system are to be discussed in the following. Overall, interventions including self-management support seem to be a profitable complement to sole technical device supply and should be further fostered in German-speaking countries as well.

A retrospective cross-sectional study of risk factors for communicable disease diagnoses among refugees in mainland Greek camps, 2016–2017

Communicable disease risk is high in refugee camps and reception centers. To better understand the risks for communicable disease diagnoses among refugees and asylum seekers, this study assesses individual- and camp-level risk factors among individuals utilizing Médecins du Monde clinics in four large refugee camps—Elliniko, Malakasa, Koutsochero, and Raidestos—on mainland Greece between July 2016 and May 2017. Descriptive statistics are reported for the demographic characteristics of the study population and for communicable disease burdens within the four camps—Elliniko, Malakasa, Raidestos, and Koutsochero. A hierarchical generalized linear model was used to assess risk factors for communicable disease diagnoses while accounting for individual-level clustering. This study shows marginal patterns in risk factors for communicable disease. Males had marginally higher risk of communicable disease diagnosis than females (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.97—1.29), and increased age was more protective against communicable disease for females (OR = 0.957; 95% CI 0.953—0.961) than for males (OR = 0.963; 95% CI 0.959—0.967). Communicable disease risk was significantly different between camps, with Elliniko (OR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.40–1.79) and Malakasa (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.25–1.63) having higher odds of communicable disease than Raidestos. The demographic and epidemiologic profiles of displaced populations differ across settings, and epidemiologic baselines for displaced populations are fundamental to evidence-informed provision of humanitarian aid. Further, while influences and risks for negative health outcomes in complex emergencies are broadly, the causal mechanisms that underpin these relationships are not as well understood. Both practitioners and researchers should engage with further research to elucidate the mechanisms through which these risks operate among displaced populations, including multilevel analyses.