Aid Package Research Articles

Strategi Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat Pesisir dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Hidup

Work as a fisherman is dependent on marine resources. However, coastal communities still live in poverty and the increasingly sharp inequality is very prominent in fishing communities, where a group of people really enjoy the results of fish resources. This group is those who have modern fishing gear such as trawlers and the like that are supported by a mountain of protection and permits. On the other hand, most of them, namely traditional fishermen, still live in poverty. Efforts to build and improve the quality of life of all citizens of the nation, including fishermen, both socially, economically and are our common goals. This study will discuss how the strategy of increasing the income of coastal communities in meeting the needs of life. These strategies 1) Build and strengthen social institutions that are owned or existing in the community and develop the quality of human resources. 2) Assistance from the government for coastal communities Until now, the government has actually disbursed programs to overcome fishermen's poverty, such as aid package programs such as Small Investment Credit (KIK), Permanent Working Capital Credit (KMKP) and Bimas credit as mentioned above. . 3) Role of Extension Institutions Community empowerment efforts are expected to be able to play a role in improving the quality of human resources, especially in the form and change people's behavior to achieve a better standard of living. Poverty that occurs in traditional fishermen is caused by 3 (three) very influential factors, namely: 1) the quality of human resources 2) Economic factors; and 3) institutional factors. Poverty in coastal communities is natural and cultural poverty, consumptive lifestyles and the existence of the influence of prevailing customs and cultures. Lazy attitude is characterized by low utilization of free time when not going to sea. Fishermen prefer to use their free time with activities that are less economically productive.

Territorial Conflict, Domestic Crisis, and the Covid-19 Pandemic in the South Caucasus. Explaining Variegated EU Responses.

Territorial Conflict, Domestic Crisis, and the Covid-19 Pandemic in the South Caucasus. Explaining Variegated EU Responses.

HEALTH EDUCATION AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR IKAT CRAFTSMEN AFFECTED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF RAJA PRAILIU, EAST SUMBA REGENCY

The covid-198 pandemic has an impact on all sectors of human life, including the tourism sector in East Sumba Regency where the ikat craftsmen lose their main source of income because almost no Foreign or Domestic Tourists come to visit East Sumba and buy their woven products. This community service activity as a form of social care was carried out in the form of health education about the Covid-19 disease and distributing aid packages in the form of basic food ingredients, masks and hand washing soap which were distributed to 33 families of ikat craftsmen in in the traditional village of Raja Prailiu at May 2020. This activity was supported by the SOPAN Sumba group, the 5 Bread and 2 Fish Movement Group, and the Alumni Association of SMAN I Waingapu Class of 1999. This activity was carried out directly from house to house of craftsmen so as to avoid crowds or mass gatherings. health education was explained by the lecturer of the Waingapu Nursing Study Program directly to the families of the craftsmen by using the media booklet about covid-19. The main purpose of this activity is not merely to provide assistance packages to the craftsmen but at the end of the activity it is hoped that the knowledge of the community in this case the Ikat Weaving Craftsmen about Covid-19 disease can be increased so that they can make efforts to prevent transmission Covid-19 disease. The gratitude expressed in the words of gratitude and the happy expressions of the craftsmen convey the meaning that no matter how small the actions we take, if based on sincerity, can have a big impact on those who really need it.

COVID-19 and the airline industry: crisis management and resilience

COVID-19 y la industria de las aerolíneas: gestión de crisis y resilienciaPropósitos de investigaciónLa pandemia de COVID-19 ha desencadenado una época de crisis e incertidumbre para la industria del transporte aéreo. Las sombrías perspectivas para la industria han llevado la resistencia empresarial a un punto crítico. La crisis ha causado daños y conmociones que la industria de la aviación nunca antes había soportado. En este documento, proporcionamos una comprensión integral de las estrategias de respuesta de las aerolíneas generadas tanto interna como externamente mediante el examen de las prácticas comerciales para la gestión de crisis.Métodos de investigaciónNuestro estudio examinó los documentos de investigación y los informes económicos de organizaciones autoritarias, incluidas la IATA, la OMS y la ONUWTO, desde diciembre de 2019 (el mes en el que ocurrió el brote de COVID-19) hasta marzo de 2021 (el mes más reciente actualmente). También hemos integrado artículos de noticias reconocidos públicamente para cubrir una amplia gama de prácticas empresariales en la industria aeronáutica. Hemos realizado un análisis temático filtrando artículos de noticias y informes económicos que mencionaban las palabras clave “COVID-19”, “pandémica”, “CoV-2”, “coronavirus” y “corona”. Codificamos las acciones de respuesta de las compañías aéreas a lo largo de la matriz de dos eje (tiempo y magnitud) y generamos nuestras ideas en un momento oportuno.ConclusiónLas principales aerolíneas han modificado la toma de decisiones en relación con la propagación exponencial del virus, que es directamente proporcional al nivel de deterioro de la industria aeronáutica. Cuando el impacto fue bajo en la etapa inicial, las principales aerolíneas mantuvieron su status quo. En poco tiempo, la magnitud de la destrucción se hizo alta, lo que hizo que las aerolíneas implementaran ajustes de capacidad y solicitaran medidas de socorro del gobierno. A medida que se profundiza el deterioro industrial, las aerolíneas siguen pidiendo paquetes de ayuda estatal y han cambiado su enfoque hacia el transporte de carga de productos básicos de alta demanda y suministros farmacéuticos. Por último, la adversidad y la incertidumbre industriales les han hecho posponer las oportunidades de adquisición agresivas.ValorVarios investigadores han investigado los impactos del COVID-19 en la industria de las aerolíneas. Sin embargo, sigue habiendo escasez de estudios sobre las actividades comerciales obstaculizadas y la gestión de crisis de la industria de las aerolíneas. En ausencia de estrategias de respuesta suficientes contra el pánico de COVID-19, este documento tiene como objetivo proporcionar una comprensión integral de las estrategias de respuesta de las principales aerolíneas a la pandemia de COVID-19. Además, este documento brinda una oportunidad para que la gerencia en el sitio revise cómo las principales aerolíneas mundiales han respondido a la crisis y encuentre información gerencial para restaurar la sostenibilidad de su negocio.

P44 Costing a Sustainable, Basic 7-Day Menu: A Tool for Policymakers and Educators to Help Ensure Adequacy in Dietary Intake

<h3>Background</h3> Caritas Malta is a not-for-profit organisation which strives to eradicate poverty and promote a decent quality of life for the most vulnerable. Ensuring an accessible, appropriate, nutritious diet is 1 of its activities. <h3>Objective</h3> : A study was conducted by Caritas Malta in 2019-20 to establish A Minimum Essential Budget for a Decent Living (MEBDL), covering basic necessities for low-income households. This included the amount required for food. The goals were to offer evidence for food security policy development, and to produce a tool for counselling on food budgeting and meal planning. <h3>Study Design, Settings, Participants</h3> Three 7-day menus were created based on the Maltese national dietary guidelines, incorporating traditional dishes, whilst taking into account contemporary lifestyles. The menus included 3 meals and 2 snacks daily and met the nutritional needs of 3 configurations of low-income households (2 adults and 2 children, 1 adult and 2 children, 2 elderly persons). Feedback on the menus was obtained from representatives of these target households during 1-to-1 or focus group interviews. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> The 3 7-day menus were costed in a supermarket having moderate prices. Local, fresh, healthy ingredients were opted for as far as possible. The cost of food aid packages distributed to low-income households as part of national food security programmes was deducted from each of the 3 menu totals. <h3>Results</h3> The monthly cost of the 3 menus were €593.45, €430.65 and €281.24 for the households comprising 2 adults and 2 children, 1 adult and 2 children, and 2 elderly persons, respectively. This food cost corresponded to 41% to 51% of the total MEBDL. When the cost of eating out once a month was added (simple meal or snacks) this increased the cost by €10 per person. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In low-income households, food accounts for a high share of total expenses. Nutrition educators have a key role in providing guidance to policymakers, and advice to households, on maximising nutrient density in dietary intake based on income. <h3>Funding</h3> None.

Logistics for a fleet of drones for medical item delivery: A case study for Louisville, KY

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, commonly referred to asdrones, have been widely acknowledged as a promising technology for the delivery of medical and aid packages in humanitarian and healthcare logistics. In this study, we develop an optimization model to optimize the logistics for a fleet of drones for timely delivery of medical items (e.g., medicines, test kits, and vaccines) to hard-to-access locations (i.e., rural and suburban areas). We propose a novel timeslot formulation that schedules and sequences a set of trips to serve several demand locations. On each trip, a drone starts from an urban provider, visits one or more charging platforms (if required), serves a clinic in rural or suburban areas, and returns to the corresponding provider. The problem consists of selecting locations for charging stations, assigning clinics to providers, and scheduling and sequencing the trips such that the total completion time to serve all demand points is minimized. To improve the computational efficiency of the solution method, we use a preprocessing procedure to reduce the solution space by eliminating the dominated trips from the pool of trips. A set of numerical experiments is performed on simulated instances and on a case study in Louisville, KY. The results unveil interesting insights into the logistics of the proposed drone delivery system.

Analysis on ASEAN and European Union Policies Regarding Covid-19

COVID-19 has impacted multiple sectors of life. Experts believe that regional cooperation is a key effort that should be done to deal the COVID-19 pandemic. Regional cooperation starts with common interests among parties and provides benefits for every country involved in it. This article provides an overview of the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 as well as a comparison of the forms of regional cooperation carried out by Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union (EU) in responding COVID-19. This study uses literature studies in data collection. From the results of several studies that have been carried out before, both regions chose to conduct cooperation in the health and economic fields to respond to COVID-19. ASEAN's response in responding to the pandemic can be seen stronger in the principles of partnership that have been established with several partner countries. In addition, the principle of solidarity, exchange of information, knowledge, as well as strengthening institutional cooperation in ASEAN itself is an important point in the regional cooperation carried out. On the other hand, in addition to cooperation in the health sector, EU focuses on financial instruments among its collaborative approaches in the availability of aid packages to banking actors and institutions. The package of assistance provided by the EU to avoid market distortions and revive economic sectors is provided through the provision of credit and liquidity.

Flood Disaster in Malaysia: Gender Sensitive Humanitarian Aid?

Climate change phenomena has brought frequent flood to Malaysia. It has constantly affected almost one fifth of the population every year. Numerous researches outside of Malaysia have shown that women are more susceptible to the impact of climate change than men, due to their caretaking role, motherhood nature and cultural constrain. However in Malaysia, disaster relief measures at all stages, from prevention to recovery, are often generalized without specific concern to address women’s predicament. Hence the objective of this study is to examine the humanitarian aid received by female flood victims. Data with regards to victims’ experience is collected by way of semi-structured interview. Their encounter is further verified by physical inspection at flood relief centers. Data analysis applied the template analysis and field observation approach. Findings revealed that female flood victim receive adequate food supply during the flood. There is minimal evidence of female biological need being addressed by including female sanitation product in aid package. This effort is still at its infancy. However, living condition at the flood relief centers lack hygiene and are insensitive to practical gender needs.

UBI in Times of Crisis: The Net Basic Income Discussing the Case of Germany

Abstract The measures taken to contain the Covid-19 pandemic have resulted in, among other things, massive loss of earnings. Many people are therefore increasingly experiencing an income crisis in addition to the acute health crisis. Permanent existential insecurity remains for too many despite the numerous aid packages. The principle of need-based assistance and the determination of need for the provision of aid are proving to be insufficient. In the current crisis, earned incomes are affected most of all due to the measures taken. This leads to an asymmetric distribution of the crisis-induced burdens and thus to an asymmetric distribution of risks and burdens between performance-related and non-performance-related income, which exacerbates the redistribution in favor of capital income. The model of net basic income (NBI) shows one way to come to a solution of these problems in the crisis. Every adult person in Germany receives a monthly unconditional basic income of e.g. 550 Euros (calculated in this approach) during the crisis period. This amount is supplemented by the suspension of rent, lease, repayment and interest obligations during this period of income loss. The amount of money paid to each person is the net share of the crisis basic income. The household savings from suspending rent, lease, principal, and interest payments is the gross. After the crisis, the NBI can be raised to a full participatory UBI as economic momentum increases. In step with this, rental, lease and capital services are to be paid again in full contract amount.

Edukasi Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat serta Penerapan Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru Pasca Pandemi Covid19

E-Warong Berkah Harapan is one of the places where the SEMBAKO program aid packages are distributed, which serves nearly 400 aid recipients every month. The crowd that occurred was not impossible to cause a new transmission clutser for Covid19. Therefore, the service team from UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim conducted counseling on "Education on Healthy Lifestyle and the application of Adaptation to New Life Habits Post-Covid-19 Pandemic". Before the counseling was carried out, the SEMBAKO package distribution activities neglected to maintain a minimum distance of 1 meter, did not use a mask and did not yet provide adequate hand washing facilities. The pre-test results about the management's knowledge also showed that the average test score was quite low, amounting to 49.77. After counseling, the post-test results showed a fairly high increase with an average score of 91.14. This increase shows that the management's knowledge has increased from the previous one. The service activity was also accompanied by the handing over of personal protective equipment for administrators in the form of face shields, masks, hand sanitizers, hand washing soap, plastic gloves and hand washing vats. It is hoped that the covid19 transmission chain can be broken and e-Warong administrators can do their job well and smoothly.

Framing Twitter Public Sentiment on Nigerian Government COVID-19 Palliatives Distribution Using Machine Learning

Sustainable development plays a vital role in information and communication technology. In times of pandemics such as COVID-19, vulnerable people need help to survive. This help includes the distribution of relief packages and materials by the government with the primary objective of lessening the economic and psychological effects on the citizens affected by disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there has not been an efficient way to monitor public funds’ accountability and transparency, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. The understanding of public emotions by the government on distributed palliatives is important as it would indicate the reach and impact of the distribution exercise. Although several studies on English emotion classification have been conducted, these studies are not portable to a wider inclusive Nigerian case. This is because Informal Nigerian English (Pidgin), which Nigerians widely speak, has quite a different vocabulary from Standard English, thus limiting the applicability of the emotion classification of Standard English machine learning models. An Informal Nigerian English (Pidgin English) emotions dataset is constructed, pre-processed, and annotated. The dataset is then used to classify five emotion classes (anger, sadness, joy, fear, and disgust) on the COVID-19 palliatives and relief aid distribution in Nigeria using standard machine learning (ML) algorithms. Six ML algorithms are used in this study, and a comparative analysis of their performance is conducted. The algorithms are Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Logistics Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Decision Tree (DT). The conducted experiments reveal that Support Vector Machine outperforms the remaining classifiers with the highest accuracy of 88%. The “disgust” emotion class surpassed other emotion classes, i.e., sadness, joy, fear, and anger, with the highest number of counts from the classification conducted on the constructed dataset. Additionally, the conducted correlation analysis shows a significant relationship between the emotion classes of “Joy” and “Fear”, which implies that the public is excited about the palliatives’ distribution but afraid of inequality and transparency in the distribution process due to reasons such as corruption. Conclusively, the results from this experiment clearly show that the public emotions on COVID-19 support and relief aid packages’ distribution in Nigeria were not satisfactory, considering that the negative emotions from the public outnumbered the public happiness.

What’s next for social media companies? The digital regulatory scene in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic

In the midst of the Coronavirus pandemic, on 9 April 2020, a draft bill was presented to fight against the spread of COVID-19 in Turkey. Eight articles were buried deep in the proposed legislation, which mostly included economic measures and aid packages, directly targeting any social media company that had a platform accessed by over one million users daily. Although the articles on social media were dropped from the parliamentary schedule on 14 April 2020 to make way for more urgent bills on the economy and health, the uncertainty regarding social media companies’ situation in the country remained. Then, on 29 July 2020, the new social media law, officially ‘The Law on Making Amendments to the Law on Regulation of Publications on the Internet and Combating Crimes Committed by Means of Such Publication’, numbered 7253 was adopted by the parliament. This article approaches this issue from the perspective of social media companies, specifically Facebook and Twitter, and analyses the post-Coronavirus digital scene and public policy attempts from the corporate point of view.

Implications of COVID-19 Induced Lockdown on the South African Tourism Industry and Prospects for Recovery

South Africa has one of the largest and most developed tourism markets in Southern Africa. Consequently, the sector's performance, therefore, has implications on the regional tourism market. In the advent of COVID-19, South Africa emerged as one of the global and regional epicentres of coronavirus infections. In March 2020, South Africa was one of the countries that adopted hard lockdown measures to control the pandemic. The consequent sealing off of the country’s ports brought the tourism industry to a sudden halt. This study is aimed at examining the impact and potential reopening strategies that the tourism industry can adopt in South Africa. The study is based on critical document analysis of survey reports from South Africa’s National Department of Tourism, Stats SA, Google Mobility and other authoritative, relevant sources. The study concludes that the pandemic had a devastating impact on various sectors of the tourism economy. The most devastating industries include the aviation, maritime, special events, accommodation and attraction sectors. The sudden halting of the tourism industry threatened conservation efforts and the business viability of many tourism establishments. Consequently, public and private airlines were liquidated or placed under business administration with far-reaching implications for various destinations and travel sectors. The study recommends a well-engineered financial aid package for the region's tourism industry, reduced tourism levies and taxes backed by the adoption of stringent health protocols to help the industry recover and make travel appealing and attractive again. A robust vaccination program must support such efforts.

Developing disaster risk reduction skills among informal construction workers in Nepal.

Capacity development has become an embedded component of the aid package offered by international organisations responding to humanitarian crises. The effectiveness of capacity development is, however, rarely monitored or examined. What is more, the local context and the learning preferences of trainees appear often to be overlooked. Yet, the informal construction sector is thriving throughout the world. Using a case study of Nepal, where construction and post-earthquake reconstruction projects are largely delivered by the informal construction sector, this paper analyses, therefore, how and whether informal construction workers successfully develop capacity and utilise trainings to create more disaster-resilient buildings. It goes on to assess how one can draw on the learning preferences of Nepalese construction workers to improve the effectiveness and the sustainability of capacity development initiatives. Lastly, the paper highlights that training programmes informed by the context and the preferred learning style of disaster-affected communities promote and sustain capacity development efforts.

Influence of COVID-19's active cases on Malaysia's key economic performance indicators

The COVID-19 outbreak was a rare and unprecedented phenomenon. Hence, the pandemic forces the world economy to react unpredictably. Governments worldwide have undertaken several precautions, including social distance measures, public awareness programs, policies on testing and quarantine, and financial aid packages. Using endogenous growth theory, this paper examines the impact of COVID-19 towards Malaysia key economic indicator's performance using univariate regression analysis based on daily time series data from 1 January 2020 to 30 September 2020. Besides, this paper is also forecasting the upcoming three months of Malaysia's key economic indicator performance from October to December 2020, by using linear trend forecasting model. The results indicate that COVID-19 significantly impacted the unemployment rate, gross domestic product (GDP), consumer price index (CPI), foreign exchange rate (FOREX), and stock market index performance in Malaysia. The results of projecting the upcoming three months trends were forecasted to increase unemployment, GDP, FOREX, and stock market index performance. Instead, the CPI is expected to decrease. Furthermore, this paper provides four contributions in the later section.

Agile Software Development for Housing Reconstruction: The 2017 Earthquake case in Mexico

On September 19, 2017 an earthquake occurred in Mexico with epicenter in the limits of the states of Puebla and Morelos. It had a magnitude of 7.1 on the Richter scale. 31,090 homes were affected, of which 1659 with total damage. In order to attend to the contingency, the government of Morelos formed an inter-institutional committee in the first hours to carry out an initial diagnosis of the damage and to provide emergency services. This article presents a case study and lessons learned from the software engineering support for the development of a data-driven platform in the various phases of contingency response: census of damaged homes, identification of aid beneficiaries, determination of aid packages according to a damage assessment, logistics and follow-up of aid package delivery, data-driven decision making, and a public portal for open data and budget transparency. KEYWORDS

Komparativna analiza efekata programa ekonomske pomoći na COVID-19 u zemljama EU-27 i Republici Srbiji

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, a wide range of short-term fiscal, monetary and macroprudential measures have been implemented. The aim of this research is to compare the effects of the package of economic measures implemented in the EU-27 countries and the Republic of Serbia in 2020 according to several criteria, starting from factors which had the impact on the amount of economic aid package to assessing short-term effects on economic activity, labour market and public debt. The results of the research showed that the financial value of the economic aid package in 2020 reflects, above all, the economic capacity and relative wealth of the country, rather than the depth of the crisis that the countries faced. A positive interdependence was found between the financial amount of the economic measures package and the amount of public debt as a percentage of GDP, while a negative interdependence was found between the change in unemployment rate and the volume of economic package aid as a share of GDP. Based on the available data, it is still not possible to determine the positive statistical impact of the economic package aid on economic growth. Such findings are also expected because the measures were primarily tailored to preserve the liquidity of the economy and employment. Besides, a certain period of time is needed for the measures to take effect, which may explain the discrepancy between the amount of aid and the depth of economic activity in 2020. The data showed that the Serbian economy, unlike the Eurozone, recorded moderate debt growth and adequate capitalized banking sector is resistant to credit risk growth.

Measures supporting the Russian economy in the pandemic

The author presents the Russian government’s measures to support businesses in the current Corona pandemic. These measures concern tax concessions, but also interest reductions for concessionary loans, direct subsidies, facilitated loans or postponements of restrictive measures. Various of these measures have a specific focus on SME or on individual branches or the Russian industry. The article describes both the aid packages of 2020 and more recently enacted measures. The author also deals with some proposals for future measures concerning investments in Territories of Advanced Socio-Economic Development and tax reductions for the gastronomy and catering industry.

Verteilungsfolgen der Corona-Pandemie: Staatliche Sicherungssysteme und Hilfsma\xdfnahmen stabilisieren soziales Gef\xfcge

The coronavirus crisis has had a distinct impact on the labour market. The lockdown has led to job losses, especially in the catering and tourism industries. Certain sectors have also been affected by short­term work. This also has consequences for the income situation of affected households. It is evident that households with incomes that were already lower before the crisis are more affected by income losses during the crisis. However, the federal government’s economic stimulus and crisis management aid package is certainly effective at stabilising jobs and averting social hardship. However, men benefit from this comparatively more than women.

Das Konjunkturpaket der Bundesregierung und seine Auswirkungen auf Frauen und M\xe4nner

The coronavirus crisis has had a distinct impact on the labour market. The lockdown has led to job losses, especially in the catering and tourism industries. Certain sectors have also been affected by short­term work. This also has consequences for the income situation of affected households. It is evident that households with incomes that were already lower before the crisis are more affected by income losses during the crisis. However, the federal government’s economic stimulus and crisis management aid package is certainly effective at stabilising jobs and averting social hardship. However, men benefit from this comparatively more than women.