Russian Agro-industrial Complex Research Articles

Fuel and lubricants saving issues when using self-propelled agricultural machinery

The agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia is one of the main consumers of petroleum products. The volume of work in agriculture, the loading of equipment during fi eld and transport work, impose increased requirements on the quality of fuels and lubricants. The article presents generalized material related to the economical use of fuels and lubricants from domestic and foreign sources, using information on the quality and range of oils used in the AIC of Russia.

Современное состояние и тенденции развития сельскохозяйственной потребительской кооперации

Today, small forms of management in the Russian agro-industrial complex occupy a significant share in the structure of producers for certain groups of agricultural raw materials and food. Institutional transformations that have taken place over decades in the agro-industrial complex have shown the viability of such a form of organization as agricultural cooperation. The advantages that determine the competitiveness of cooperation include reducing transaction costs, economies of scale, increasing the share of rural producers in the final price of products, etc. Modern socio-economic trends dictate new conditions for the formation of food chains and the participation of economic entities in them. In this connection, there is an urgent need to analyze trends in the development of agricultural consumer cooperation. This will make it possible to determine strategic directions for development and justify relevant measures of state support for both small business forms themselves and the cooperative form of their organization. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze and substantiate the development trends of the institution of agricultural consumer cooperation, as the most important component of ensuring food security in Russia in modern conditions. Achieving this goal involves the use of general scientific methods of cognition (historical and logical, comparative and system-structural) and traditional methods of economic analysis. The trends in the development of the Institute of Agricultural Consumer Cooperation have been studied. A comprehensive analysis of the competitive advantages and weaknesses of small business forms in the agro-industrial complex was carried out. The potential for growth of the institution of agricultural consumer cooperation in the conditions of transformation of the socio-economic space has been identified. The experience of supporting agricultural cooperatives in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was studied. Measures of state support for the development of this institution that are relevant to current trends in economic development are substantiated. The results of the study and the conclusions drawn on their basis will be useful for supporting management decisions in the field of development of the agro-industrial complex, increasing the efficiency of planning and implementing state support for the small business sector in the agro-industrial complex

Export potential of the agro-industrial complex of the Novosibirsk region: prospects and opportunities for development

Every year, the agro-industrial complex of Russia is actively developing and increasing its production capacity. This is especially noticeable when analyzing the export of agro-industrial products abroad. It is worth noting that in recent years, Russia has significantly increased sales of agricultural products, which has made it possible to achieve record levels of income from its exports. The Novosibirsk region is one of the most important regions of Russia, which specializes in the production of agro—industrial products, and also plays an important role in logistics in the supply of agricultural exports abroad, which determines the topic of the study. As part of the research, the author sought to analyze the export potential of the Novosibirsk region, as well as to identify its advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of the development of the agro-industrial complex.

Organizational and economic transformations in the agro-industrial complex of the region as part of the implementation of the federal project

Relevance. The agro-industrial complex is one of the key sectors of the country's economy and includes such areas as: agriculture (livestock and crop production), processing of agricultural raw materials, production of fertilizers, chemicals, and feed. The agro-industrial complex works closely with enterprises involved in the transportation, storage, and processing of agricultural products, as a result, any changes in the agro-industrial complex affect the country's economy.The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the implementation of the federal project of the Russian Federation “Development of industries and technical modernization of the agro-industrial complex” (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Project) on structural changes in the agro-industrial complex.Objectives: consideration of the objectives of the Federal project, its financial support for 2022-2024, analysis and assessment of economic and statistical indicators, identification and consideration of current problems within the framework of the project.Methodology. The information base of the study consisted of official regulations, works of domestic researchers in the field of agriculture, collections of articles with collective authors, articles from magazines, statistical data, official websites of relevant departments and ministries.Results. There are many problems in the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex, but there are also many promising areas for its development. These prospects are determined primarily by state policy in the field of supporting agriculture, the goal of which is the development of Russian farmers and increasing their role in the domestic and foreign markets.Conclusions. A promising direction for the development of the agro-industrial complex is the revision of the entire financing system in order to provide business executives with funds for the purchase of mineral fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, materials, and high-quality feed in the volumes necessary for efficient production. Also requiring attention are such pressing issues as increasing wages for agricultural workers, which will attract young specialists to the village and, thereby, resolve the issue of shortage of qualified personnel.

Обеспечение экономической безопасности российского агропромышленного комплекса на основе диверсификации структуры экспортных поставок продовольствия

the article presents the results of a study of the processes of ensuring economic security of the Russian agro-industrial complex based on diversification of the structure of food export supplies. The statistics of income from exports of agricultural products of the countries of the world are analyzed. An analysis of the structure of US agro-industrial exports by type of product was carried out. The parameters of the world market for rapeseed and its processed products have been determined.

ЦИФРОВОЕ СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО: ОПЫТ РОССИЙСКИХ РЕГИОНОВ

The article is devoted to certain aspects of digitalization of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the regional context. The task of increasing the efficiency of agricultural activities and the transition to import-substituting food production is key in modern conditions of sanctions pressure and trade restrictions. One of the effective solutions to this task is the large-scale digitalization of the agro-industrial sector in all regions of Russia. The article reveals the most popular digital solutions currently used by Russian agricultural enterprises. Among them are precision agriculture, precision animal husbandry, agricultural robotization, artificial intelligence, and drone technologies. Precision agriculture and precision animal husbandry are considered in the context of individual regions. It is proved that the leading positions in the field of application of precision farming elements belong to such Russian regions as the Krasnodar Territory, the Voronezh Region and the Belgorod Region. Krasnodar Region is also one of the leaders in the use of digital elements in the livestock sector. Along with it, the leading regions for the use of precision livestock farming solutions are the Udmurt Republic, the Altai Territory, and the Sverdlovsk Region. As a result of the study, it was concluded that an increasing number of agricultural enterprises use digital solutions in their practice. This, on the one hand, allows agricultural producers to receive additional benefits associated with increased productivity and efficiency, and on the other hand, creates new problems in terms of high costs for the introduction of digital technologies and a shortage of qualified IT agri-specialists. Each agricultural enterprise has to independently find a compromise between the possible benefits and costs of digitalization.

Анализ социально-экономического развития агропромышленного комплекса России

The article presents the main results of the analysis of the dynamics of the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the context of tightening economic sanctions by unfriendly countries against the Russian Federation, as well as identifies areas for improving the mechanisms of state support for agribusiness aimed at developing this area of economic activity and ensuring food security in Russia. The relevance of the topic of the publication is beyond doubt, since the socio-economic development and effective functioning of the agro-industrial complex determine the ability of the state to provide citizens with high-quality food, solve a number of social and demographic problems, as well as ensure Russia's food security in difficult foreign policy and foreign economic conditions.

Provision of the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex with Human Resources Based on State Information Systems in The Field of Education

Provision of the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex with Human Resources Based on State Information Systems in The Field of Education

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ «СЕЛЬХОЗРЕЦИКЛИНГ» В АПК РОССИИ

The analysis of the state of this type of activity carried out in the paper showed the feasibility of forming a national system for the disposal of decommissioned products. To date, the process of recycling of material-intensive products, including agricultural machinery, mostly takes place spontaneously, causing environmental and economic damage. (Research purpose) The research purpose is outlining the possibilities of developing the "Agricultural recycling" system in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, including agricultural machinery, livestock and other types of waste. (Materials and methods) It was determined that one of the most important conditions for the creation of the "Agricultural Recycling" system, in addition to financial aspects (recycling fee), is the active participation in the project of manufacturers of agricultural machinery, their dealers and specialized enterprises in the engineering sector of the agro-industrial complex, which will intensify the process of deploying production facilities for the collection and processing of recycled agricultural machinery and its components. (Results and discussion) It was noted that at present the creation of a recycling system is hindered not so much by the technology of various types of recycling works, as by the lack of a concept for creating a unified waste management system for production and consumption, in which the waste disposal system should take its place along with other industry systems. No less important factors hindering the creation of a Unified Waste Management System as a whole and a Unified Equipment Recycling System are the issues of organizing waste disposal processes, interaction between participants in the recycling system, regulatory, legislative and financial support for the functioning of this system. (Conclusions) The paper identifies the main factors influencing the possibility of developing the "Agricultural recycling" system in the Russian agro-industrial complex in the next two to three years.

Current state and problems of staffing in the agro-industrial complex of Russia

Staffing is a key factor in the effective functioning of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of Russia. Proper management of human resources contributes to the sustainable development of the industry and increases its competitiveness. The article analyzes the main problems of staffing in the agro-industrial complex, such as the shortage of qualified specialists, low level of personnel training, labor migration and aging personnel. To successfully solve these problems, measures have been proposed, including the development of a continuing education system, increasing wages, improving working and living conditions in rural areas, as well as strengthening interaction between agricultural enterprises and educational institutions. Particular attention is paid to government support and the creation of favorable conditions for attracting young specialists. Recommendations have been developed to improve the personnel situation aimed at ensuring sustainable development of the Russian agro-industrial complex.

Technologies of the future agro-industrial complex in the aspect of complexity theory

The article is devoted to the problem area of the Russian agro-industrial complex – the complexity of the emerging set of technologies. The focus is on complexity theory, implemented within the framework of synergetics. The range of issues discussed are includes: prerequisites for the formation of complexity theory in agricultural science; creation of a generalized concept of the agricultural technologies complexity; architecture of the complexity of production, processing and food technologies as a whole; features of the mathematical apparatus for modeling agro-industrial complex technological complexes; an emergent effect that arises from the interaction of heterogeneous technologies that have a common goal; designing the complexity of connected technologies; the pace of the combined technologies development; technological requirements for the output parameters of processes throughout the entire technological chain; features of the design of complex technologies with a quantitative assessment of their level of complexity; consideration of a complex technological system as an object of synergetics. Particular attention was paid to the dialectical development of complexes of modern innovative technologies as the theoretical basis for the entry of the Russian agro-industrial complex into the Sixth technological order.

Ecosystem approach то digitization of the agricultural industrial complex

The theoretical foundations of the ecosystem approach to the digitalization of the Russian agro-industrial complex are considered. The hypothesis of this study was the assumption that the digital ecosystem is a higher level of cooperation in the agro-industrial complex, involving the unification of all participants on a digital platform and with the help of digital technologies. Digital ecosystems meet all the requirements of the sixth technological order and allow agricultural producers to move to it at a faster pace. It is shown that digital ecosystems accelerate the process of introducing digital technologies into the agro-industrial complex (its digitalization), thereby contributing to the effective functioning of ecosystems, i.e. these are interrelated categories. It is proposed to understand the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex as “the mass introduction of digital technologies, the increase in the use of digital and/or computer technologies in the economic activities of an individual agro-industrial complex enterprise, a household or the agricultural sector of the economy as a whole." and the “digital ecosystem of the regional agro-industrial complex” is a set of organizational and economic tools, promoting the construction of mutually beneficial production relations between subjects of the region’s agro-industrial complex using a digital platform to increase the share of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in the regional market for agricultural products, and ultimately, to ensure the sustainability of the rural economy through the creation of new cooperative ties.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА СУБЪЕКТОВ МАСЛОЖИРОВОГО ПОДКОМПЛЕКСА РЕГИОНОВ СИБИРСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА В УСЛОВИЯХ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОЭКСПОРТА

The paper is devoted to the current problem of the export and raw materials model of development of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of state support for subjects of the oil and fat subcomplex of the regions of Siberia and assess its impact on the development of export activities. Objectives of the study: analysis of trends in the development of the oil and fat subcomplex in the regions of the Siberian Federal District (SFO) and characterization of the current state of export activities; assessment of the impact of state support on the development of production and export of oil and fat subcomplex products in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The study presents a ranking of the Siberian Federal District entities by the level of export potential of the agro-industrial complex; a strategic portfolio analysis of the agroexport of the Siberian Federal District for 2019–2021; the dynamics of sown areas, gross harvest of oilseeds and spring rape, production of vegetable oils and their fractions, export of oil and fat products of the entities of the Siberian Federal District. Using the example of the Krasnoyarsk Region, current measures to support oilseed production are considered and an assessment is made of the impact of government funding on the efficiency of oilseed production. A conclusion is made about the dependence of the efficiency of small-scale production on budget financing of the sub-sector. The main attention is paid to the need to develop processing and deep processing of oilseeds in the regions of Siberia. Measures are proposed to support the development of the oil and fat subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of the Siberian Federal District in a number of areas, as well as strengthening their financial support. According to the authors, the organization of high-tech production facilities in the oil and fat industry will make it possible to fully realize the export potential of the oil and fat subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of the regions of Siberia.

К ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ МОДЕЛИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ФУНКЦИО-НИРОВАНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО ТРАКТОРА В СОСТАВЕ МТА ПРИ РАБОТЕ НА АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ВИДАХ ТОПЛИВА

The development of the Russian agro-industrial complex provides for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of energy machines while simultaneously reducing energy and labor costs. A promising direction for saving diesel fuel and improving the environmental performance of mobile agricultural machinery is the use of alternative motor fuel. In modern agricultural machines, this will be reflected, first of all, in the parameters of the working process and its flow in the engine, as well as in the indicators of power, fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of its operation, which, to one degree or another, will lead to changes in the indicators characterizing the operational properties of a machine-tractor unit. The functioning of the engine as a model can be presented in the form of a multi-level and multidimensional system in which the control flows will be indicators of the work process (effective power, indicator pressure, the amount of fresh charge entering the cylinders, etc.), fuel supply parameters (cyclic supply, fuel injection pressure, fuel temperature, etc.), which depend on the physicochemical and operational properties of the alternative fuel. The proposed model provides for the determination of the rational composition of the fuel, technical solutions for adapting the fuel system for the effective supply of alternative fuel to the engine cylinders with the required indicators, as well as determining their influence on the parameters of the operational efficiency of the tractor as part of machine-tractor unit. The obtained numerical values of the parameters of the diesel operating process and fuel supply, depending on the physical-chemical properties of the alternative fuel used, make it possible to determine the performance indicators of the tractor as part of machine-tractor unit and evaluate the efficiency of its operation on various alternative types of fuels, in comparison with using petroleum diesel fuel.

Theory behind an innovative non-disassembly repair technology for assembles in marine, railway, and motor transport, as well as industrial equipment in the Arctic

Tribological compositions on the basis of layered silicates and, specifically, serpentine have been known for over thirty years. Their effectiveness is confirmed by successful application in many industries, in agriculture, on sea and river vessels, on railroads, in mining equipment, on passenger and goods vehicles, as well as by tests conducted at many leading industrial research institutes and universities of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The article presents the theoretical aspects of the technology for applying friction geomodifiers related to innovative nanotechnologies, which enable a significant improvement in the operating characteristics of new, as well as worn-out, expensive equipment containing friction assemblies.The use of the proposed technology for restoring worn-out equipment components under harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic seems particularly feasible and economically justified.

Участие колхозов в аграрном комплексе России: история и современная практика

The article considers the agricultural co-operative as a historically established form of collective farming in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. Attention is paid to different forms of agricultural activity. Legislative regulation of collective farms’ activity is studied. The authors have analysed and summarised the practice of courts of general jurisdiction regarding issues related to disputes over the rights to land plots as part of the shares of their members. The analysis of law enforcement practice shows that the protection of property rights depends on the correct substantive legal qualification of relations and, accordingly, the formulation of claims. Statistical data were used to cover the topic of the study. The study contains proposals to amend the current legislation in order to resolve the controversial issues raised by the authors.

Regulatory Support as a Tool for the Government Management of Digital Transformation in the Russian Agroindustrial Complex

The article deals with the possible increase of the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex and its main, strategically important sphere - agriculture - through the large-scale introduction of digital technologies that contribute to the growth of labor productivity, quality and production efficiency and ultimately to the sustainable development of the industry. Ensuring the effectiveness of this direction of development is possible only with appropriate regulatory support which is the main criterion for the quality of agricultural policy.

Методы анализа безопасности электроустановок в человекомашинных системах

Increasing the intensification of agricultural production and Improving the quality of life of the rural population is a priority in the development of the agricultural sector of the country's economy. In this regard, the problem reducing man-made threats of accidents and injuries to people, fires, as well as increasing the reliability and safety of electrical installations, including electrical networks and technological electrical equipment is currently important and timely. This problem is especially acute as a result of the aging of the industry's fixed assets. The electric power park of the Russian agro-industrial complex mainly consists of exhausted electrical equipment, the wear of which exceeds a critical level (~ 70%): The state of technological safety of electrical installations today cannot be considered satisfactory. Every year, more than 4,500 people die in the public utility sector alone, about 30 thousand become disabled, while the countryside accounts for about 70% of the total number of electrical injuries. Fires caused by electric current as a result of short circuits and damage to the insulation of electrical wiring also pose a serious threat. The current situation poses a threat to the national security of the country, which necessitated the inclusion of the problem of technological safety in the list of critical technologies approved by the President of the Russian Federation in 2002. Keywords: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION, RISK, HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEM, SOFT COMPUTING, DAMAGE, SIMULATION MODELING, EXPERT SYSTEM

Models for increasing productivity based on the integrated application of agricultural digital twins

The operating conditions of the Russian agro-industrial complex today are characterised by unfair competition in global markets and objective transformation processes. Changes in agricultural production technologies and the digitalisation of all production areas require a restructuring of the work of farming organisations. At the same time, the indicated structural changes at the level of agricultural producers should be based on an analysis of objective production and economic indicators: yield and profitability. The purpose of the study is to model the process of increasing the yield of grain crops due to the use of digital twins in various areas of agricultural production. Research objectives: to identify models for the use of digital twins in the production of grain crops; develop introductory methodological provisions for creating a digital twin of agricultural specialisation; outline the current and future role of digital twins in agricultural production. Scientific novelty and practical significance of the research results: models for the use of digital twins of agricultural specialisation at the stages of the production process and infrastructure sectors for its support have been developed; conceptual provisions of methodological recommendations for the development of digital twins of agricultural specialisation have been formulated; the current and future significance of digital twins in the process of increasing grain yields has been determined, as well as the prospects for their use in the agricultural sector.

Развитие инструментов экономического механизма в АПК России

The article is devoted to the issues of improving the tools of economic regulation in the agro-industrial complex of Russia in the context of modern challenges and threats. The authors emphasize that state support for the agro-industrial complex includes a whole system of existing mechanisms and tools. Despite the fact that the agri-food sector is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy, in recent years there has been the decrease in the profitability of agricultural producers, the increase in price imbalances between various sectors of the AIC, the decrease in investment activity, insufficient efficiency of agricultural insurance and the low stimulating role of taxation. The article notes that at present the role of the state in the formation of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of agriculture is significantly increasing. In this regard, the authors have proposed the set of tools for an economic mechanism aimed at forming sustainable and dynamic trends in the development of the country’s agri-food sector in order to ensure its extended reproduction.