Agro-climatic Zones Research Articles

Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) are Influenced by Different Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Biofertilizers

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (Kharif) seasons of 2013 to 2015 at Agriculture Research Station (Irrigation crops), Anand Agricultural University, Thasra.The farm is located in hot semi-arid eco-region with medium deep black soils and geographically situated at 22.400 latitude, 73.120 longitude and 32.4 m above the mean sea-level.To study the response of different levels of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Biofertilizers on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under middle Gujarat Agro climatic zone III, 12 treatment combinations consisting three levels of Nitrogen, two levels of Phosphorus and two levels of Biofertilizer were tried in factorial randomized block design with four replications. The three-year experimental results revealed that different treatments for nitrogen levels were found significant for most of the growth and yield contributing characters, while for phosphorus and bio-fertilizer found non-significant. In pooled data the N level N3 (120 kg N ha-1) gave significantly higher grain yield of 5508 kg ha-1and was found significantly superior over N level of 80 kg (N1 ). The result revealed that the potential production and profit from the rice crop could be secured by applying120 kg Nitrogen ha-1 only to get higher yield in middle Gujarat Agro climatic zone III.

Genetic diversity of the chemical composition and pod production of Prosopis juliflora trees grown in Saudi Arabia

This investigation was conducted to evaluate pod and chemical component traits and the genetic diversity of Prosopis juliflora genotypes at two locations. The selected locations were in the middle (Qassim region) and western (Jeddah region) areas, representing two agro-climatic zones of Saudi Arabia. The measured pod characteristics included production, weight, length, filling period, and chemical composition. A wide range of variations in pod yield and chemical traits were observed in the different agro-climatic regions. The results revealed that the mean values ranged from 9.5 kg tree−1 (Jeddah) to 14.2 kg tree−1 (Qassim) for pod yield, 3.1 g pod−1 (Qassim) to 3.7 g pod−1 (Jeddah) for pod weight, and 14.8 cm (Qassim) to 16.6 cm (Jiddah) for pod length. The results of genetic diversity indicated that Prosopis genotypes in each location were distributed in three different clusters in the two regions at 60 Euclidean distances. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the two components (PC1 and PC2) explained 25.03 % and 20.03 % of the overall variance, respectively, which is over 45 % of the variability. The heatmap revealed that genotypes Q20, Q21, and Q24 at the Qassim location and genotypes J1, J6, and J7 at the Jiddah location exhibited positive and significant correlations with pod yield. It can be concluded that superior Prosopis genotypes (Q20, Q21, Q24, J1, J6, and J7) were identified with good traits (pod yield, pod-filling period, and protein %) in each location and may be used in the future for the selection of elite genotypes.

Development of daily gridded Penman-Monteith reference crop evapotranspiration data for Karnataka State, India

ABSTRACT Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) estimates are often unavailable at fine spatial resolutions due to the lack of dense climatic networks. The present study was taken up to develop a methodology for obtaining a gridded Penman-Monteith (PM) ET0 dataset for Karnataka State, India, through spatial interpolation of estimates obtained at climate stations. Three interpolation techniques, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Kriging, and Point-Based Sentinel Hospitals Area Distance (P-BSHADE), were employed to derive PM ET0 estimates. Considering the historical climate records of 67 stations located in Karnataka State for the period of 2006–2016, the interpolation methodologies were evaluated using a cross-validation procedure. Results showed that the performance of IDW was better with significant error reduction at validation sites. Subsequently, the IDW algorithm was used to derive daily PM ET0 values at 0.25° × 0.25° grids over the Karnataka State, India. Finally, the comparative analysis of developed PM ET0 gridded data product against three global ET0 products indicated the developed gridded ET0 to be most accurate across different agroclimatic zones. Web links of the developed product have been created in an effort to share the data on ET0, which is a critical input in a variety of studies in earth sciences.

Genetic Variability Analysis, Correlation Coefficient and Path Coefficient Analysis of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) Varieties in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat, India

Identification of genotypes better suited for particular region and their improvement is of immediate task to exploit their full potential. The improvement can be brought out after confirming the association among the most important growth with quality attributes. Hence, varietal evaluation becomes necessary to find out suitable variety for a particular region. Experiment was conducted with 20 different decorative types of dahlia varieties at Jambuvadi Farm, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh which falls under South Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone during 2021-22. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for eleven characters in dahlia viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, stem girth, days taken to first bud initiation, diameter of flower, stalk length, vase life, anthocyanin content, chlorophyll content and flower yield which indicated the existence of variability in the experimental material. The estimates of genotypic (σ2g) and phenotypic variances (σ2p) of each character were carried out.

Economic Analysis of drip fertigation, Organic product for rice-fallow-greengram (Vigna radiata L.) in Western Agroclimatic Zone of Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Rice fallow pulse cropping system was familiarized in Tamil Nadu. There is reduction in yield due to inappropriate management of pest, disease, weed, fertilizer and nutrient management moreover cultivated as rainfed/ mixed cropping system. However, succeeding crop is sown without any preparatory cultivation in the stubbles of the previous crop. It minimizes the labour and fuel cost. The present study investigated the economic analysis of drip fertigation, Organic product for rice-fallow-greengram. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Wetland farms of Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2019-21. There are thirteen treatments in randomized block design with replicated thrice which is imposed with fermented fish waste and fermented egg product applied through drip at vegetative stage and peak flowering stage. Result: The field experiment result revealed that the application drip fertigation @ 125% RDF, 100% PE with FFW (2 times) (T11) recorded higher net return (₹ 48,958 and ₹ 33,402 during summer 2020 and Kharif 2021, respectively).

Distribution of phosphorus and potassium in selected rice cultivated soils and their accumulation in rice grains under farmer-managed field conditions in Sri Lanka

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food in Sri Lanka and phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are major nutrients for the rice plant. However, the variation of P and K contents (mg kg−1) in rice soils and rice grains as affected by agro-climatic zones (ACZs), water source used (i.e., major irrigation, minor irrigation and rain-fed) and cropping systems adopted (i.e., fallow, vegetable, perennials, other field crops) by Sri Lankan farmers are not well elucidated, and are thus investigated in the present study. A total of 200 rice soil and 230 rice grain samples across the country were collected from farmer fields, representing different ACZs, water sources used, and cropping systems adopted using a stratified random sampling approach. The total and available P and K contents in rice soil, and the P and K contents in rice grains were determined. The plant-available P contents in soil were similar among ACZs, water sources, and rice-based cropping systems. Exchangeable K content was higher in rice fields where vegetables were cultivated in the previous season. Grain P and K contents were similar among the water sources used and rice-based cropping systems. Grain P content was the lowest in the Low country Wet zone. Soil available-P and total-P contents (r = 0.29, p < 0.0001), and grain P and K contents were positively correlated (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001). The knowledge generated in the present study is important in P and K nutrient management in rice cultivation in the country.

Pre breeding for yield associated parameters and biotic stress resistance in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) under southern Chhattisgarh agroclimatic zone

Pre breeding for yield associated parameters and biotic stress resistance in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) under southern Chhattisgarh agroclimatic zone

Assessment of Growth Performance of Casuarina equisetifolia Clones in Tropical Region of Jabalpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India

Casuarina equisetifolia L., commonly known as the Casuarina or Australian Pine, is a fast growing, evergreen tree native to the coastal regions of Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands and can be useful in carbon sequestration and in afforestation programme in tropical forest. An experiment was laid out at Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur (M.P.) India with an aim to assess the growth performance of Casuarina equsetifolia clones namely IFGTB CH-1, IFGTB CH-2, IFGTB CH-3, IFGTB CH-4, IFGTB CH-5, IFGTB CH-6, IFGTB CH-7, IFGTB CH-9, IFGTB CH-10 in tropical region of Madhya Pradesh comes under Kaymore plateau and Satpura Hills agroclimatic zone of the state. The results revealed that the clone IFGTB CH-5 produced the maximum volume per m3 followed by the Clone IFGTB CH-2 and IFGTB CH-4 because of the highest survival percentage among the all clones and maximum carbon stock was found in clone IFGTB CH-5 (0.044 tonnes) followed by CH-2 (0.028 tonnes), CH- 4 (0.026) and minimum carbon stock was found in CH-1 (0.016). Thus, Clone CH-5 is recommended for this region under afforestation programmes due to its fast growth within a short period of 2 years, quick pulpwood yield and maximum carbon sequestration.

Determination of Lipids and Fatty Acids in Green Coffee Beans (Coffea arabica L.) Harvested in Different Agroclimatic Zones of the Department of Quindío, Colombia

The objective of this work was to quantify and characterize the lipid fraction of coffee beans grown in different agroclimatic zones of the department of Quindío, seeking to provide coffee growers with useful information about the coffee produced on their farms and the ability to determine coffee quality and sensory attributes. The lipid extraction process was carried out using two different methods: Soxhlet and Soxtec. The bias was established through concordance analysis using the Bland–Altman test to determine the correlation between the two extraction methods. The final results were compared for each agroclimatic zone, and no significant differences were found between the values for average lipid content of the coffee, which varied between 12.01% and 12.90%. When characterizing the profile of fatty acids present in the lipid fraction of coffee using the technique of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, it was evidenced that the major acids present in the green coffee bean were linoleic acid and palmitic acid, with an average content between 39.83–40.83% and 36.92–37.90%, respectively, and that these fatty acid contents presented statistically significant differences in areas with higher elevations, higher relative humidity and less sunlight (zones 3 and 4). Stearic acid presented differences in all of the agroclimatic zones.

EFFECT OF KORRA (Setaria italica) CROP RESIDUES INCORPORATION ALONG WITH MICROBIAL CONSORTIA ON HUMIC ACID, FULVIC ACID CONTENT IN SOIL AND PERFORMANCE OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum)

The field experiment was conducted on the clay soils of Agricultural Research Station, Amaravathi, Guntur between rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 to find out the influence of crop residues on soil biological activity, growth and yield of chickpea under rainfed agro-climatic condition ofKrishna zone. The korra crop residue was incorporated in the soil 45 days before sowing of chickpea either alone or in combination with microbial consortia and starter dose of N and P fertilizers as decomposition accelerators. Humic acid and fulvic acid assayed at different crop growth stages of chickpea got significantly increased by the application of crop residue along with microbial consortia. The drymatter accumulation at different growth stages and grain yield of chickpea were significantly influenced by the treatments. Among the treatments, the highest drymatter accumulation and grain yield of chickpea were recorded with 100 percent RDF(20:50:0:40) and was at par with the treatment T7, which received crop residue @1.5 t ha-1+ Microbial consortium@2 kg t-1+ urea 3 kg t-1 + SSP 15 kg t-1 of residue incorporated to soil during both the years of the experimentation. There was a significant positive correlation between humicacid and fulvic acid content with drymatter production of chickpea.

Watershed Management a Approach of Soil Water Conservation in Dry Zones of West Bengal

Watershed management is rudimentary concept of integration of water management and livelihood. In dry and arid zones of West Bengal (Agro climatic zone VII), the districts like Purulia, Bankura, West Midnapore, Birbhum have the issues of severe water crisis, crop failure, and lack of irrigation water, soil erosion. Purulia receives an annual rainfall of 1200 cm but most but the condition of the top soil is degenerative and total top soil is eroded with water and water retention is minimal. Thus, it can be concluded that rainfall is surely not the issue for the water crisis. Now here is a ground breaking initiative of developing the watershed management programme for effective soil water conservation and also for the rejuvenation of six major rivers of South West Bengal. There are certain structures for example the 30-40 model which can slows down the speed of the run-off, prevent top soil loss and along with this certain water harvesting structures and plantation to secure food fodder and fuel crisis of marginal individuals of these regions. In this paper discussion have been made regarding the formulation of strategies of Watershed development and its field level implementation at Hura Block as this is our intensive block of the project. Vigorous technological use like estimation of run off and development of models complying with the run off standards are analyzed in the paper. Furthermore, the cropping techniques that have been performed to develop the watershed and promote soil conservation has also be critically analyzed in the research paper.

Impact of Cluster front-line Demonstrations on Productivity and Economics of Groundnut in Southern Transition Agro Climatic Zone (Zone-7) of Hassan District, Karnataka, India

Groundnut is a important commercial legume cum oilseed crop growing in Hassan district of Karnataka and there is a notable yield gaps found between the farmers and demonstration plots due to non adoption of improved agronomic technological practices and use of local varieties. Integrated crop management (ICM) practices in groundnut under cluster front-line demonstration were conducted by ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hassan during Summer seasons of 2018-19 to 2022with active participation of 250 groundnut growers with a objective of practicing improved agronomic practices over a 100 ha area in 5 consecutive years.The highest groundnut pod yield was achieved in demonstration plots with an mean of 1842.8kg/ha as compared to farmers practices with an mean of 1254.80kg/ha; which was 22.24 per cent higher yield as compared to farmers practices. The demonstration plots average mean of extension gap, technology gap and technology index were calculated as 281.20 kg/ha, 564 kg/ha, 26.75 per cent, respectively. The higher mean net returns of 62592.60/ha with B:C ratio of 2.35 was exhibited in improved agronomic practices demonstrated plot as compared to local practices (Rs.43897.60/ha). So it’s concluded that improved agronomic technological practices have high potential to increase the groundnut productivity through cluster front-line demonstration.

Variability of pH and EC of Selected Rice Cultivated Soils of Sri Lanka

Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) are two major chemical properties affecting nutrient availability and rice grain yield. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the variation of pH and EC in the topsoil layer (0-15 cm) of rice fields as affected by major water source used for rice cultivation, rice-based cropping system adopted and rice growing soil orders in different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) in Sri Lanka. A total of 998 soil samples were collected from lowland rice fields. Both pH and EC were measured in 1:5 soil: water extracts. The pH of soil samples was in the range of 3.0-7.7 with a mean value of 5.0. Moreover, 75% of the soil samples had pH values below the optimum range for rice cultivation (5.5-7.0). Values of pH observed in Dry Zone soils were higher (5.2) than those in Wet Zone (4.4). Soil EC values ranged between 1.0 - 3,100 μScm−1 with a mean value of 148.5 μScm−1. Soil EC was similar among climatic zones (P>0.05). Upcountry Intermediate zone recorded the highest soil EC than that in other ACZs (P<0.05). Moreover, 73%, 22%, 3%, 2% and 0.1% of soil samples recorded EC values in the ranges of less than 150 (non-saline), 150-400 (slightly saline), 400-800 (moderately saline), 800-2000 (highly saline) and more than 2000 (very highly saline) μScm−1, respectively. Considering micro (e.g. paddy track) and macro (e.g. ACZ) scale spatial heterogeneity in soil pH and EC, appropriate site-specific strategies need to be adopted to improve soil pH and EC to suit sustainable rice crop production.

Role of Agrometeorological Advisory Services in Enhancing Food Security and Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change

Abstract Providing knowledge inputs to farmers is critical to reduce their vulnerability and enhance resilience against climate change. In developing countries such as India, where small holdings and rain-fed agriculture are predominant, knowledge inputs become even more critical. The India Meteorological Department has provided integrated agrometeorological advisory services (AAS) to farmers since 2008. In this paper, we estimate the scale of access to AAS and its impact on crop yields in 1000 households across 10 villages in two agroclimatic zones in India. We find evidence suggesting that access to AAS can have a significant impact on crop yields in the kharif (June–September) season, whereas other inputs are more important in the case of rabi (winter) crops. Specifically, the yields of pigeon pea, soybean, and pearl millet are higher by 233, 98, and 318 kg ha−1, respectively, for AAS beneficiaries. For the entire study area, this translates to a value addition of $9.66 million for these three crops in one season. Our results show that AAS can be an important contributor to meeting the developmental goals of enhancing food security in dry-land agriculture and building resilience against climate change. Significance Statement In the era of climate change, with rapidly increasing weather and climatic variability, protecting the incomes of small farmers and ensuring they have the capacity to adapt and build resilience to the growing impacts of climate change is an urgent necessity. We have studied the impact of knowledge services such as the agrometeorological advisory services of the India Meteorological Department on crop yields for major crops in dry agroclimatic zones in India. The study shows that large public programs like the agrometeorological advisory services that bring science to people in meaningful ways can contribute significantly to meeting developmental goals and building resilience against climate change.

Performance Of Marvel Grass Varieties Under Different Levels Of Nitrogen In Irrigated Condition Of The Middle Gujarat Agroclimatic Zone Of Gujarat

Main Forage Research Station, ICAR Unit 9, Anand Agricultural University located in the middle agroclimatic zone of Gujarat India, has different Agroclimatic zone with a different agricultural pattern. Most of the farmers are doing agriculture as a first enterprise and dairy as a second one. The demand for fodder is higher in the different zone of Gujarat state. To improve cultural practices and reduced the shortfall of fodder with highly nutritive fodder these studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of the level of nitrogen on different marvel grass varieties in middle Gujarat. Continuous three years of experimentation on marvel grass, results revealed that marvel grass varieties did not show significant effects on growth, yield attributes, and yield as well as quality parameters. A perusal of experiment data revealed that application of 60 kg N/ha (30 kg N/ha at the time of transplanting or immediately after cutting and 30 kg N/ha at 30 DAS/ 30 Days after each cutting) noted higher growth parameters (height and several tillers per meter row length) also reported higher total green fodder yield and quality of marvel grass as well as higher net return and benefit-cost ratio.

Assessing the impact of temperature and rainfall on mustard yield through detrended production index

The present study was conducted aiming to evaluate the individual and combined impact of temperature and rainfall on mustard yield through detrended production index for five districts of West Bengal viz., Hooghly, Nadia, Burdwan, Mursidabad and South 24 Parganas. The crop data and weather information were collected from various stations of those five locations. The selected study areas belong to different agroclimatic zones of the state, namely old alluvial zone, new alluvial zone and coastal saline zone. Mustard growing season in these districts starts from middle of October and continues upto middle of January (Rabi season). The detailed information on yield for 18 years (1997 to 2014) was collected from Government of West Bengal and weather data were collected from India Meteorological Department. The entire growing season of mustard was divided into vegetative and reproductive stages for convenience of the study. Although a definite trend among them existed. Moreover, when all the five locations are considered, overall increase in the year-wise yield was significant with R2 value 0.63. Some R square had poor values. Higher values of R2 indicated the significance of technological trend in case of Hooghly (R2 = 0.46), Nadia (R2 = 0.65) and South 24 Parganas (R2 = 0.73) districts where as it was not significant for Burdwan and Mursidabad. A gradual decrease in yield was observed with temperature increment from 0.50C to 2.00C. The results indicated a reduction of 0.36%, 0.72%, 1.01% and 1.4% in mustard yield in 0.50C, 10 C, 1.50C and 20C increased temperature condition, respectively. Declined yield of mustard will be 908 kg ha-1 in the study location at 20C more temperature condition. Yield reduction is more if higher temperature coincides with the vegetative stage. Time of sowing should be adjusted so that vegetative stage can escape the high temperature period. But all other required management practices should be performed along with the mentioned one. Otherwise several other biotic and abiotic stresses may lower down the yield too. Thus, the results of this work strongly support the idea of engaging DPI to evaluate the impacts of prime weather parameters on crop production and generate yield forecasting models based on that

Agroclimate zone analysis for the suitability of rice plantation in Donggala District

As one of the supporting districts for regional food security, the productivity of food crops in Donggala Regency needs to be continuously improved. Climate type information is closely related to business development in agriculture, especially rice plants. This study aims to determine the type and distribution of agro-climatic zones for rice land suitability in Donggala Regency. This study uses the climate classification method according to Oldeman by calculating the number of wet months and dry months for one year which is then mapped using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method. The data used in this study are rainfall data for 10 years (2011-2020) from 15 points of BMKG rain observation posts as well as the Planting Calendar for rice plants from the Ministry of Agriculture. The results showed that Donggala Regency has 3 Oldeman climate types, namely type A in Rio Pakava District with the suitability of continuous rice cultivation but low production, B in Banawa Selatan and Sojol Districts with the suitability of continuous rice planting with high production when harvested during drought season. Type E in the Districts of Central Banawa, Banawa, Tanantovea, Labuan, Sindue, Sindue Tobata, Sindue Tombusabora, Balaesang, Balaesang Tanjung, North Sojol and Dampelas which is too dry, so that only one planting period of crops is possible. In areas with climate type E it is recommended to optimize irrigation to meet the water needs of rice plants. The agro-climate zone map made using the IDW interpolation method can describe the distribution of climate types as a whole, especially in areas where there are no rain gauge posts such as in Pinembani District.

Characterization, Production and Reproduction Performance of Southern Odisha Goats

Background: The native goat populations in southern Odisha viz. Narayanpatna, Malkangiri and Ganjam were characterized phenotypically in the present study. Ganjam goats stood apart from other populations due to their large, pointed horns and stature. Odisha state has 30 districts and 10 different agro-climatic zones. Methods: The present study area is under North Eastern ghat and Eastern ghat high land agro climatic zones. An extensive management system is used to raise all the goats with a flock size varying from 6 to 45. The body weight was recorded from birth to 12 months at an interval of 3 months. Result: The average adult body weight from these 3 goat populations was 17.39±0.20, 16.31±0.17, 16.39±0.20 kg for Ganjam, Malkangiri and Narayanpatna goats, respectively revealing that Ganjam goats were heavier than the other two populations. The average age at sexual maturity and kidding interval was recorded as 318.24±5.24 and 312.06±1.28 days, 236.76±6.23 and 223.21±0.88 days, 218.34±4.28 and 218.22±0.76 days for Ganjam, Narayanpatna and Malkangiri goats, respectively revealing that Ganjam goats had significantly higher estimates than other two types. Males of all goat types were found to have higher body weight than the female counterparts beyond 3 months of age and found to be conspicuous at later age. This information on the physical characterization and production potentials may be helpful in developing further breed improvement strategies and breed registration.

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY WITHIN POPULATIONS OF ALTERNARIA PORRI (ELLIS) CIF., THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF ONION PURPLE BLOTCH DISEASE IN BURKINA FASO

Onion production in Burkina Faso remains limited due to certain devastating diseases such as purple blotch caused by Alternaria porri.This disease causes significant yield losses and is difficult to control with chemicals.This difficulty could be linked to genetic, pathogenic and/or pathogenicvariability within populations of A. porri.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the morphological variability of Alternaria porri populations occuring in Burkina Faso with a view to better define appropriate methods in controlling the disease. Thus, fiftyisolates of A. porri, obtained from diseased onion leaves collected in the different agroclimatic zones, were morphologically characterized.Multivariate analyses were carried out on the data collected using XLSTAT 2016.7.02 software. These analyses revealed variability of A. porri in its morphological aspects such as colony color, radial growth and micropropagules production.All of the characterized isolates were grouped into three classes. Class 1 with 34 individuals, characterized by weak radial growth but high production of micro propagules. The second class composed of four isolates, is characterized by individuals with strong mycelial growth and a low capacity for the production of micro propagules.A third class, composed of twelve isolates, is characterized by intermediate individuals in terms of growth and production of micro propagules.However, this clustering into classes did not align with the geographic origin of the isolates. A pathogenicity study should be carried out with representatives of the three classes in order to understand whether this observed morphological variability is linked to the virulence of the fungus.

Geospatial characterization of climate-smart agroforestry in two contrasting physiographic zones of Rwanda

Efficient use of rich natural resources notably land, is one of the most important indicators of economic progress. The unmatched population growth with production has triggered increased demand for food. Nations have prioritized sustainable agriculture as a coping strategy. Climate-smart agroforestry (CSAF) can be one of the options to increase productivity, income, and food security, and stabilize the environment. CSAF denotes a practiced farming system of combining trees with crops or animals (AF) evolved in practices to enhance productivity and feed the food-insecure people while coping with the adverse effects of climate change. This study investigates the land suitability for CSAF in the Bugesera and Rulindo regions of Rwanda. Nine variables were considered for investigation in the study viz. elevation, slope, soil type, rainfall, temperature, LU/LC, distance from roads and trade centers, and landslide risks. The analysis used two commonly known techniques (AHP and GIS) integrated to classify and sort out the suitable land for CSAF practices and development. Results identified three CSAF suitability zones, ranging from 1,662.82 ha (1.60 %) as highly suitable and 90,123.78 ha (86.62 %) as moderately suitable to 12,262.50 ha (11.78 %) less suitable zones in Bugesera. In Rulindo, suitability zones range from 709.92 ha (9.69 %) as highly suitable and 6,514.56 ha (88.92 %) as moderately suitable to 102.24 ha (1.39 %) less suitable land for CSAF. Results further showed that the available means suitable land for CSAF are 34,683.03 ha in Bugesera (34,683.03 ± 48,304.71) and 2,442.24 ha in Rulindo (2,442.24 ± 3,539.79). Land suitability scores for CSAF largely varied across sites (F = 1.33, p = 0.31). Cross-validation using ground-truthing information (field visit and collection of GPS-based ground coordinates of random locations of actual CSAF) mostly supported the generated CSAF suitability maps (nearly 91 % of ground-based locations supported the model output). This study integrates GIS with AHP to plan CSAF farming and scaling up. In sites such as Bugesera and Rulindo where investigations on CSAF are scanty, these results reveal the extent of CSAF farming in the targeted areas. They can provide direction for future land use modifications, better land stewardship, and cost-effective solutions in study areas, and other agroclimatic zones. Moreover, this study will pave the way for further studies on the potential CSAF and possibly required interventions for the assessed areas.