Agro-waste Ash Research Articles

Roles of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) on the strength, cost analysis and CO2 emission of lightweight concrete: Comparison with aluminum-based aerated concrete

This work investigated the effects of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) as pore-forming agent and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as sand replacement (0-100% by weight) on the strength, economic feasibility, and CO2 emissions for lightweight concrete production. The product properties were compared with the traditional aerated concrete (with aluminum powder), which aimed to shed light on the use of SAPs and POFA for manufacturing a more sustainable lightweight concrete. The use of POFA to replace sand increased the cost of production by approximately 1-7% and CO2 emissions by approximately 3-12% due primarily to the transportation of the POFA from the oil palm fuel power plant, which could be avoided if produced on site of or near the power plant. The use of SAPs in the preparation of the lightweight concrete led to a reduced compressive strength compared to the aerated concrete, especially in the autoclaved samples, calculated as 15-33% for 28 days and 44-56% for autoclaved curing, possibly due to a collapse of the porous structure under high temperature and pressure. These drawbacks could be eliminated if the natural SAPs in the form of fine particle size were treated with Ca2+ in agro-waste ash so as to facilitate and enhance the pozzolanic reaction during the curing phase. The fossil-based SAPs could then be replaced with the organic-based ones, which would be a more sustainable construction material for a lower-carbon society. However, further investigations into other aspects of these materials should be conducted.

Enhancing the durability of sustainable concrete: a study on ternary blended agro-waste ash incorporating rice husk ash and sugarcane bagasse ash

Enhancing the durability of sustainable concrete: a study on ternary blended agro-waste ash incorporating rice husk ash and sugarcane bagasse ash

Comparison of environmental impacts of traditional geofoam and modified geofoam made with silicon-rich agro-waste ash and recycled EPS composites

Comparison of environmental impacts of traditional geofoam and modified geofoam made with silicon-rich agro-waste ash and recycled EPS composites

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PALM KERNEL SHELL ASH BLENDED CEMENT CONCRETE

Chemical and agricultural process industries generate substantial amounts of industrial by-products annually, leading to environmental pollution and escalating waste disposal expenses for the industry. As environmental awareness grows and landfill space becomes scarce, there is a rising interest in researching waste materials utilization. Exploring alternative methods, instead of disposal aims to minimize pollutions impact on the environment. The application of pozzolanic materials in construction works is on the rise, and this trend is anticipated to persist in the coming years, driven by the depletion of natural materials essential for manufacturing construction materials such as cement. This study investigates the utilization of agro-waste ash as a supplementary cementitious material SCM, specifically palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as a substitute material for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete. Specimens containing 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as replacement for cement in the concrete were prepared at a water/binder ratio of 0.65. The results showed that the samples incorporating binary blends of cement with 5 – 15% PKSA illustrated better strength properties at ages above 28 days of hydration than that of control sample without PKSA. The compressive strength obtained were 26.76MPa, 26.81MPa and 27.16MPa at 60 days, and 29.80MPa, 30.0MPa and 31.41MPa at 90 days for 5 – 15% replacement levels respectively. The tensile strength values obtained were 4.5MPa, 4.5MPa and 4.7MPa at 60 days and 5.2MPa, 5.2MPa and 5.4MPa at 90 days for 5 – 15% replacement levels...

Feasibility assessment of rice straw ash as a supplementary cementitious material

This paper discusses the feasibility of an agro-waste ash viz., rice straw ash (RSA) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Locally available rice straws were burnt in an uncontrolled manner to prepare the rice straw ash, in order to use in the study. Experiments were conducted to study the pozzolanic activity of ash at different replacement levels. The influence of processing such as sieving is also studied. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of both control and blended concretes were evaluated using compressive strength test and split tensile strength test. The test results point to the fact that the properties of binder as well as concretes are adversely affected by the addition of RSA. This is because the ash was prepared by uncontrolled burning of agro-waste. Thus, the current study re-emphasizes the importance of controlled burning of the agro-waste in order to tap their potential as SCM. This also proves the importance of simple processing techniques like sieving to enhance the properties of blended concrete.

A Review on Selected Durability Parameters on Performance of Geopolymers Containing Industrial By-products, Agro- Wastes and Natural Pozzolan

The applications of geopolymers as cementitious systems are becoming an alternative source of cement daily. The use of potentially suitable aluminosilicate inorganic waste materials incorporated with agro-industrial waste in the production of suitable geopolymer binders has been reported. Calcined clay and some agro-waste ash, such as coconut shells, are examples of aluminosilicate materials that exhibit strong pozzolanic activity because of their high silica-alumina composition. The pozzolanic reaction is primarily caused by the amorphous silica present in properly burned agricultural waste and clay. Based on a variety of available literature on concrete and mortar including geopolymers synthesized from agro-industrial waste, a critical review of raw materials and the mechanism of synthesis of the geopolymer has been outlined in this work. Additionally, the durability characteristics of agro-industrial waste geopolymer concrete and mortar, including resistance to chloride, corrosion, sulfate, acid attack, depth of carbonation, water absorption, thermal resistivity, Creep and drying shrinkage, are briefly reviewed.

Experimental investigation on tobacco waste ash for sustainable development

The enormous use of cement in construction leads to an effect on the environment. For 1 ton of cement production, nearly 1 ton of CO2 is released into the atmosphere. The production of Portland cement reached about 90 million tons globally in 2021(U.S. Geological Survey, 2022). To reduce the content of cement, various supplementary cementitious materials were used. Amongst supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), the usage of agro-waste ash appears as an exciting solution. Tobacco waste ash is one material that is suitable to replace with cement. Nearly per year, 1723.87 tons of tobacco waste were produced. In this investigation, tobacco waste ash is partially replaced by 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of cement. The mechanical and durability properties include compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS) were tested and compared with OPC concrete. It is concluded that mix containing 10% TWA exhibited higher strengths than compared to OPC concrete.

Experimental investigation on mechanical and wear behavior of agro waste ash based metal matrix composite

In the present study, the mechanical and wear properties of the aluminum composite reinforced with the groundnut shell ash (GSA) and hemp fiber ash (HFA) wereinvestigated. Reinforcementswere addedalong with the matrix material AA6063 in different percentages of weight to prepare hybrid composites by stir casting method. The hybrid composites were subjected to Micro tensile, hardness, wear, microstructure, salt spray analysis. It was found that on increasing the weight percentage of GSA, there is a reduction in the hardness value, tensile strength, and specific strength of the composite. Itcan beovercome by replacing GSA with HFA in the composite. With the addition ofGSA + HFA content, it was found that the hardness decreased with an increase in HFA content. The wear properties show positive results when these reinforcementswere addedas compared with those of the pure AA6063.

Agro-waste ash and mineral oxides derived glass-ceramics and their interconnect study with Crofer 22 APU for SOFC application

In this study, silicate glass-ceramic is synthesized from wheat straw ash (WSA) using melt-quench technique. X-ray diffraction is done to confirm the nature of the as-quenched samples. Inductive coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are performed to evaluate the exact chemical composition of the as-prepared samples. Similar composition is also melted using conventional mineral oxides for comparison with WSA sample. The WSA sample shows good thermal stability in temperature range of 300–900 °C. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of WSA sample is more or less in the required range for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) application. The powder of WSA derived glass-ceramic is used to form the diffusion couple with the interconnect (Crofer 22 APU) for interfacial study. The excellent adhesion with the smooth and porosity-free interface is formed between glass-ceramic and Crofer 22 APU, when WSA is used as a sealant as compared to the mineral based glass-ceramics. Semi-coherent interface does not show any delimitation or separation even after five thermal cycles. The micro hardness (384 HV) of the interface is indicated good bonding between interconnect and glass-ceramic.

Agricultural wastes preparation, management, and applications in civil engineering: a review

The incineration of agricultural wastes (agro wastes) as a fuel, solid fuel, and/or for the same purposes, resulting in landfilled ash that in most cases makes an environmental problem due to disposal. These landfilled most of the time contain valuable elements such as silica and alumina which are promising alternatives to be used in value-added engineering products. With this regard, the optimal use of these wastes has always been a concern for researchers, and the utilization of them for different purposes is an effective way of management. Although in recent years, the beneficial use of agro waste ashes has been considered by many researchers in different engineering fields, according to the preparation conditions and activation techniques, different kinds of ashes are produces. Therefore, according to the composition of final product, various applications are considered including wastewater treatment, additive for cement industry, and alkali-activated materials, as an additive for production of glass, silicate, pure silica, silicon carbide, refractory materials, as filler in thermoplastics and rubbers, reinforcing agent, and adsorbent in polymer composites and epoxy thermostable polymers, for producing advanced materials such as Silicon nitrite (Si3N4) and magnesium silicide (Mg2Si), and many more. The present paper surveys the preparation steps and techniques for activation of rice husk ash as one of the most used agro waste ash and its applications in engineering fields.

A Survey on Effect of Agro Waste Ash as Reinforcement on Aluminium Base Metal Matrix Composites

In the present day availability of agricultural waste products is very huge quantity. Most of the industries prefer Metal matrix composite (MMC) due to their density, high strength to weight ratio, hardness, corrosion resistance, fatigue and creep resistance. Hence they are widely used in structural applications along with aerospace and automobile industry, marine, sports, electronic and automation industries. In the present paper a study is focused on the mechanical, tribological and corrosion behavior of the metal matrix composite using different agro waste ash which is easily available. Agro waste ash like Rice Husk, groundnut shell, bamboo leaf, coconut shell can be used as reinforcement and applicable for various applications like automotive, structural components. From this current study, it’s clearly identified that addition of agro waste ash as reinforcement with Aluminium improves the properties of metal matrix composite. Aluminium metal with such reinforcement materials has shown a high specific strength, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, also it will increase hardness, satisfactory levels of corrosion resistance.

Tobacco waste ash: a promising supplementary cementitious material

According to the European Cement Association, CEMBUREAU, in 2015, the global cement production was 4.6 billion tons. Traditional cement production emits approximately 1 ton of CO2 per ton of cement, which represents almost 80% of the total CO2 emissions of concrete and approximately 6% of the world’s emissions. Among supplementary cementitious materials, the use of agro-waste ash emerges due to its reduced CO2 emissions, chloride diffusion, and materials cost, in addition to its greater compressive strength. In Colombia, the disposal of agro-wastes, such as tobacco waste, is an environmental and economic concern. In this study, ash obtained from tobacco waste (TWA) was studied as a sustainable partial replacement for cement in hydraulic concrete. The TWA was reduced to a particle size of less than 75 μm and was characterized by X-ray florescence. A central composite design was used to study the influence of the ash replacement percentage of cement and the water/binder (w/b) ratio on the compressive strength at 28 days. The results show that it is possible to replace 10% of the cement with TWA using a 0.5 w/b ratio and obtain a 51% higher compressive strength than the control mixture at 28 days. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated an improvement of 86% in the 7-day compressive strength when TWA was used.

Effect of Agro-Waste Ash on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Polymer Concrete

This paper focuses on addition of fillers in epoxy resin and aggregate for polymer concrete (PC) preparation. For the preparation of PC, two kinds of fillers, i.e. rice husk ash and broom stem ash were used. According to experimental results, addition of fillers had a positive impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the PC. In the PC sample with rice husk ash, with the filler/aggregate ratio of 0.075 and 18.4% polymer, maximum compressive strength of 86.41 Mpa was obtained; while the compressive strength of the polymer concrete without filler was 71.2 Mpa. The PC sample with broom stem ash, with the filler/aggregate ratio of 0.12 and 23% polymer showed the maximum flexural strength.