Agriculture-related Activities Research Articles

Emerging Challenges for Sustainability of Farmer Producers Organizations (FPOs) and the Implicative Strategies

The concept of Farmers Producers Organizations (FPOs) has been embraced to solve the problems faced by majority of small and marginal farmers of the country, through collectivizing themselves as business performing organizations across various stages of agriculture related supply and value chain activities. From 2002 onwards, such organizations were promoted by various development departments, by making them to register under Companies Act. Through a research study, the best practices of such FPOs were documented during 2016-2020. These FPOs started serving the broadbased needs of their producer members such as input supply, output procurement, custom hiring facilitation and overall technological backstopping. But performance of many of these organizations were not so successful on a long run due to many emerging challenges. Through focus group discussions and telephonic survey with the offi ce bearers of the FPOs, some of the emerging challenges of the FPOs were delineated such as failure to strike business partnership with input companies, failure to initiate market tie-up with big companies, managing operational costs during the initial years, non-adoption of innovative marketing strategies, lack of experience in branding and profi t making business process, lack of adequate technical manpower, failure to arrange credit and crop insurance facilities for the producer members etc. This paper discusses about such emerging challenges and derive implicative strategies to be recommended for practicing towards eff ective management of FPOs.

Impact of Covid-19 on Coastal Fishing and Stakeholders' Response Strategies in Benin, West Africa

Gnansounou, S.C.; Abdul-Kareem, R.; Castro Gbedomon, R.; Valère Salako, K.; Apollinaire Mensah, G., and Glèlè Kakaï, R., 2022. Impact of Covid-19 on coastal fishing and stakeholders' response strategies in Benin, West Africa. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(2), 279–288. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal fishing is of immense importance in Benin in terms of livelihoods and seafood provision. Yet it is a vulnerable sector that can quickly become unstable, particularly in the presence of external shocks. This study focused on the impact of Covid-19 outbreak on coastal fishing in two coastal communities in Benin and examined the effectiveness of the response strategies put in place by stakeholders. Data were collected following the exploratory sequential mixed method. The approach included in-depth interviews (n = 16) and quantitative surveys (n = 200). The weekly frequencies of fish collection before and during the pandemic were collected and analysed as count data using a Generalized Linear Model with Poisson error distribution. Information on stakeholders' responses and their alternative livelihoods were also collected and analysed using simple likelihood of probability. Findings showed a large disruption of fish collection due to the pandemic, with less educated fisherfolks and those with underlying health conditions more affected (p = 0.030 and p < 0.001, respectively). More than half (60%) of the surveyed fisherfolks declared that they do not have any alternative livelihoods to sustain their lives in the wake of the pandemic, whereas 15% were engaged in Cyperus articulatus collection, 12% in commercial motorbike riding, 8% in fuel-wood collection, and 5% in agriculture-related activities. Furthermore, 88% of the respondents indicated that they received no help from any stakeholder, whereas 12% agreed that they received face masks. This study provides baseline information to trigger research and field actions to strengthen the fishery industry in Benin in order to withstand disasters like Covid-19. It also makes some suggestions to be considered for small-scale fishery sustainability following the current and future pandemics.

Farmers Response on Agricultural Service Delivery in New Federal System of Nepal

The objectives of the study were to assess the farmer’s satisfaction with agricultural services and the local government’s performance in delivery of agricultural services under the new federal system of Nepal. The responses of 300 farming households covering three local levels (100 farming households from each municipality) were collected during 2019 and 2020 to analyse responses. Based on the information obtained, a relative importance index (RII) was developed by using 16 parameters that were considered as performance variables in a Likert-type scale. Results showed that about one tenth of the respondents were highly satisfied; about two fifth were satisfied, and nearly half of the respondents were moderately satisfied with the agricultural services at local level. The RII analysis revealed that local governments are effective in providing agricultural services that are relevant to the farmers resulting in increased access to services along with implementation of agricultural related activities. Other positive changes include the timeliness of service delivery by the local level governments, which have also become more accountable in terms of service delivery. On the other hand, the respondents have felt lower levels of agreement related to the capacity of the local staff, the institutional mechanisms, and participatory planning and financial resource allocation for agricultural services. Thus, from a policy perspective, the findings suggest there is a strong need for strengthening local staff capacities, the formulation of appropriate policies, and the establishment of institutional mechanisms to ensure farmer’s participation at the local level planning process, and the prioritization of resource allocation to the agriculture sector to achieve improved agricultural service delivery and greater farmer satisfaction.

Evidence of Climate variability by the Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Temperature in the City of Sokoto

Temperature is crucial in observing changes occurring in the environment, such as climate change. Climate change is caused by the emission of excessive greenhouse gas and has been acknowledged as the main cause of various environmental impacts such as an increase in the flood scenario, frequent droughts, increasing wildfires, and heatwaves in various parts of the world. Temperature behaviour which has been studied in the city of Sokoto was used as a yardstick to check for the presence of variance in climate. Temperature data were gotten from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) that spanned thirty-one years (1980–2010) was used for this study. ANOVA and the Mann Kendall trend test were used to analyze the data used. The ANOVA findings revealed that the maximum and minimum temperatures differed significantly between the months. The Mann-Kendall trend test results suggest an increasing trend in maximum temperature and a declining trend in minimum temperature in the annual statistics. The monthly trend was made up of both increasing and decreasing trends. The city of Sokoto being located in the region of the Sahel savannah has very sensitive to minor changes in climate variance, hence this result will help in the planning of agriculture-related activities such as planting time, type of crops to plant, type of animals to be reared, types of animal diseases to provide vaccines for, etc.

Web-Based Irrigation Monitoring and Control System

In Uganda, as well as other developing countries, the increasing population stimulates the agricultural-related activities such as irrigation. Irrigation is basically done by humans and generally requires exhaustive physical efforts and involves exposure to errors during irrigation. Despite the advances in the irrigation and its wide spreading applications, irrigation remains majorly manual. Since irrigating is a difficult process especially when irrigating a big piece of land, it is necessary to simplify the process, thus web based system in irrigating was introduced and existing implementations have limitations such as irrigating at wrong hours, continued wastage of water, so prevent all this, a new system that uses a web control to remotely irrigate from a distance has been developed ,therefore main objective of this project is to design and develop a web based irrigation monitoring and control system since it is observed that this method is more reliable and efficient compared to the existing methods. The developed system is able to automatically receive the moisture levels from the field, responds to the different commands sent by the user to do the irrigation and the user is also able to switch on and off the pump.

Employment and Livelihoods among Tribal in India

The present article attempts to explore one of the most pertinent issues of livelihood among tribals in India. In this context, the following two key issues have been examined: (a) whether tribal people are still engaged primarily in agriculture or forestry related activities for their livelihood or they have moved to non-farm and industrial activities over the years and (b) whether the government affirmative action like reservation policy has helped the tribal people in joining more government/public/formal sector jobs. This article is based on analysis of last two decades secondary data from National Sample Surveys (NSS) and Census of India. On the basis of the analysis of the data it has been observed that the participation of tribals in public sector or formal sector jobs has increased over the years, which may be due to various affirmative actions by the governments’ reservation policy. However, the human capital base of tribals is still much below the other social groups. Another important fact has been revealed through probit regression analysis that the government reservation policy is exclusionary in effect. Maximum benefits have been derived by those who are highly educated and those who belong to high income group. These issues need urgent policy interventions for creating better livelihood conditions for the tribal population particularly for those who are relatively less benefitted which may need further investigation.

COVID-19 and food security in Malaysia: implications on smallholding agriculture

Over the last two decades, the world has been confronted with several outbreaks of infectious diseases. Ebola, influenza A (H1N1), SARS, MERS, Zika and most recently, COVID-19, have had a serious global impact on economic instability, local and global public resources and above all, people's health. As the effect of COVID-19 is significant to the world market, it has also indirectly impacted the agricultural sector and hence has significantly exposed the strengths and limitations of the farming systems in terms of resiliency, production and food security which offers important lessons for policymakers. Hence, this study was conducted to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemics on the agricultural industry especially the smallholders who are more vulnerable during or postpandemic due to the lack of resilient supply networks, low periphery of market access and limited production. In doing so, a survey was conducted, which began in May 2020, consisting of online questions that contain information about the impact of COVID-19 on the smallholding sector and the challenges faced by smallholders including crops, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture in Malaysia. A total sample of 217 smallholders or farmers from several states in Peninsular Malaysia was obtained within the Movement Control Order (MCO) period and later extended to the Conditional MCO (CMCO). Almost 86% of respondents answered that COVID-19 had heavily affected agriculturerelated activities in Malaysia. Using a principal component analysis, our findings reveal four major issues or challenges those farmers faced during the MCO/CMCO namely income, uncertainties of supply and price, logistics and marketing activities.

CONSTRAINTS FACED BY FARM WOMEN IN AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS AND ALSO IN DECISION MAKING AND SEEK THEIR SUGGESTIONS FOR BETTER PARTICIPATION

India is a country of great tradition, where social customs and norms exert a firm grip over the behavioral patterns of individuals. Women constitute one of the most important and dynamic but deprived and long neglected sections of the Indian society. For the present study Prayagraj district is selected by purposive sampling because the participation of women in agriculture is comparatively more than the other districts of Uttar Pradesh. There are 20 blocks in the selected district out of that, Kaudihaar block is selected by purposive sampling because maximum numbers of women are engaged in agriculture. One hundred twenty farmers were selected from 8 villages. Data were collected by using pre-tested schedule and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Lacks of family support, lack of knowledge, dominance of male members in the family are the constraints faced by farm women. Farm women faced major constraints in decision making process about various agriculture related activities were: social/cultural norms and lack of self confidence in decision. Empowerment of women in developing countries like India will lead the nation to a breaking issue of humanist thinking for globalization. The major suggestions offered by farm women to overcome the constraints were more technical guidance regarding scientific farming should be given to farm women and training should be imparted at village level.

COVID-19 induced lockdown effects on agricultural commodity prices and consumer behaviour in India – Implications for food loss and waste management

Distortion in distribution and consumption of agricultural commodities is a result of disruptive shocks in prices and food value chains leading to a significant food loss as well as waste. We investigated the COVID-19 induced lockdown effects in India through an interrupted time series analysis coupled with a survey result of 729 consumers, 225 farmers and synthesis of the literature evidence on food loss as well as food waste. Our article complements the literature inventory on COVID-19 by estimating and tracking the effects on prices and consumer behaviour apart from discussing the implications for food loss and waste. Prices post-lockdown shot up immediately and significantly for chickpea (4.8%), mung bean (5.2%), and tomato (78.2%) corroborating the loss in highly perishable product – tomato – owing to its spiked price. We find no structural break in prices due to lockdown implying that lockdown-induced price change was not sufficient to alter the long-run price movement, and the prices of the major commodities reverted to the pre-lockdown levels. The pandemic induced lockdown did restrict the access to food markets and a majority of consumers (75.31%) experienced a price increase across COVID zones of different intensity of incidence leading to food loss along supply chain and wastage at consumers end. Consumers’ livelihood affected from moderate (59.53%) to severe (3.3%) with 92 per cent reporting a change in shopping behavior. The Kruskal-Wallis test on consumption behavior change indicated a significant shift among the consumers reporting altered income, mostly in the downside, post-lockdown. Despite the relaxation for agricultural related activities during the lockdown, farmers reported disruption in disposing their winter produce barring wheat, bolstered by a record state procurement in 2020. The paper affirms that the pandemic has caused a significant price change and unprecedented panic purchase that led to the food wastage but subsided soon exhibiting the resilience in Indian agriculture. We strongly recommend for promoting the capacity and collective resilience of small-scale production systems through institutions, policies and reforms. Contract farming, farmer producer organizations, creation and functioning of social safety nets to overcome income, production and price shocks, access to digital national markets and capacity building on food waste management practices will insulate vulnerable section as well as reduce the loss of food across supply chain.

Clinical, epidemiological and climatic factors related to the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in northeastern Brazil.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with a wide distribution in the Americas. Brazil is an endemic country and present cases in all states. This study aimed to describe the occurrence, the underlying clinical and epidemiological factors, and the correlation of climatic variables with the frequency of reported CL cases in the municipality of Caxias, state of Maranhão, Brazil. This is a retrospective and descriptive epidemiological study based on data extracted from the Brazilian Information System of Diseases Notification, from 2007 to 2017. Maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and relative air humidity data were provided by the Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. A total of 201 reported autochthonous CL cases were analyzed. The predominance of cases was observed in males (70.1%). The age range between 31 and 60 years old was the most affected, with 96 cases (47.9%). Of the total number of registered cases, 38.8% of the affected individuals were engaged in agriculture-related activities. The georeferenced distribution revealed the heterogeneity of disease occurrence, with cases concentrated in the Western and Southern regions of the municipality. An association was detected between relative air humidity (monthly mean) and the number of CL cases per month (p = 0.04). CL continues to be a concerning public health issue in Caxias. In this context, there is a pressing need to strengthen measures of prevention and control of the disease through the network of health services of the municipality, considering local and regional particularities.

Potential of Mushroom technology as a social enterprise – The way forward

Mushroom cultivation began in India in 1952. Since then this industry has been oscillating between the myths of earning millions overnight and the ground realities of growing a non-conventional crop. The concept, which branched off as a lesser-known shoot of mycology, has taken unusually long to establish itself in India. Although mushroom science has the inherent subjective capability of a great impact on nutrition, agricultural waste management and environment cleansing; yet has been immensely underexploited in India. Social entrepreneurship is a novel movement gaining momentum around the world. It is a novel concept of modern business model which can find sustainable solutions to social, economic and environmental issues. It is a concept which believes in engaging in profitable commercial activities for mutual social and community gain. It works on the principle “Together wewin”, hence community takes precedence over individuals. Social enterprises have a strong character of creating jobs and making a socially just and inclusive business model. This is the ultimate objectiveof any scientific organization or scientific technology more so of public institutions like ICAR. Mushroom technology can be a very successful social enterprise in the Indian context where agricultural crop residues to the tune of 98 million tons/annum is burnt, where millions of youth are unemployed, where there is rampant undernourishment and ever increasing threat of climate change. A majority (53%) of social enterprises in India are focussed on skill development, followed by 30% on education, 28% in agriculture-related activities, 26% in financial and clean energy,22% in healthcare, 17% on farm livelihood, 16% food & nutrition and 14% sanitation & water.There is a need to initiate mushroom technology based social enterprise which can reduce air pollution by using crop residues to grow mushrooms rather than burn, can create employment in rural unskilled sector, can help in enhancing nutrition, bring diversity to food plate and empower women. Although sporadic examples are available in India, there is a need to increase the number of such enterprises, integrate it with government programs and develop a model in partnership with public institutions who are the technology generators.

Decadal-scale spatiotemporal changes in land use/land cover of El Potosi Basin at semi-arid northeast Mexico and evolution of peat fire between 1980-2020 CE

We estimated decadal-scale changes to the land use/land cover in one of the many drought-prone agricultural basins (El Potosi Basin) of northeast Mexico by using the temporal satellite images of Landsat Multi spectral scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) for 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 CE. Increase in land without shrub and permanent uncultivated (fallow) land, and reduction in coverages of the agricultural land and forest over the last four decades reflected the intensities of water scarcity caused from global warming as well as the agriculture related anthropogenic activities. Enhanced aridity led to 136-fold surge (ca. 2.5–340 km2) in abandonment of cultivated areas covering almost half of the basin. Absence of cropland in 2010 CE reflected the severe drought of early 21st Century but augmentation in usages of groundwater reestablished the agriculture a decade later in ca.15.7 km2. Over the last four decades, the subsurface fire from combustion of peat covered ca.17.4 km2 mostly at expenses of lands with and without shrub and agriculture land. Our temporal and spatial land use/land cover assessments might be helpful for private and government agencies to evaluate the short-term impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities in order to mitigate their effects in this water scarce region.

Impact-Losses, Reboot-Gain and Agricultural Effect during COVID-19 Pandemic

The emerging infectious diseases are increasing in frequency exerting significant impact on human health and severely threatening global economy. Now at present, the whole globe is facing the challenges evolved owing to Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic, which has set the clock backwards on the developmental progress of several nations including India and pauses the global economy owing to repeated lockdowns. The agricultural sector owing to its diverse output (crops, horticulture, dairying, fisheries, etc.) only showed positive growth in Indian GDP (gross domestic product) despite various challenges faced by this sector especially labour shortage, transportation, marketing, etc. The central as well as several state governments also issued supportive steps to favour agricultural related activities and provided incentives to farmers to unlock growth. Still, there is necessity to support and promote digital platforms to scale up on an emergency basis and provide an outlet for the farmers’ produce immediately. The government should think to build storage facilities on villages’ level as well as brought policies to support pricing (minimum support price) for other nutritious cereals like sorghum and millets.

SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING RASPBERRY PI

In India most of people is doing work related agriculture directly or indirectly. An economy of India is mostly affected by agriculture related activities. To check water level of well, farmer have to go to farm and start water pump. Sometimes he has to go in night. If fire is spread in farm how farmer can know? If he know about it, he cannot do anything about it because many plants burned .In this project, we will make one smart irrigation system which will notify farmer on his registered mobile device and email address, if the soil is dry and it need watering, using soil moisture sensor and also notify by glowing bulb and start motor which is attached with main controller. System is also measuring the water level of well and notify the farmer two times a day. For fire detection we used flame detection sensor and if fire is there in farm system will notify the farmer and also buzzer will blow. The aim of this project is to develop a smart irrigation monitoring system using raspberry pi. Focus area will be parameters such as temperature and soil moisture. This system will be a substitute to traditional farming method. We will develop such a system that will help a farmer to know his field status in his home or he may be residing in any part of the world. It proposes an automatic irrigation system for the agricultural lands. Currently the automation is one of the important role in the human life. It not only provide comfort but also reduce energy, efficiency and time saving. Now the industries use automation and control machine which is high in cost and not suitable for using in a farm field. So here it also to design a smart irrigation technology in low cost which is usable by Indian farmers.Raspberry pi is the main heart of the whole system. An automated irrigation system was developed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. Automation allows us to control appliances automatically. The objectives of this project were to control the water motor automatically, monitor the plant growth using webcam and we can also watch live streaming of farm on android mobiles by using wifi.

Estimating groundwater inputs from Sankarabarani River Basin, South India to the Bay of Bengal evaluated by Radium (226Ra) and nutrient fluxes

Sankarabarani river basin gains significance due to presence of major industrial, agricultural, urban development and tourist related activities has influenced the water quality in the estuarine environment. Investigations about river water quality has been attempted but not more studies focus about the evaluation of groundwater discharge a significant process that connects groundwater and the coastal seawater have been attempted. For the present study, radium (226Ra) a naturally occurring isotope was measured at three locations and used as effective tracers for estimating the groundwater discharge along with nutrient inputs to the Bay. Groundwater samples representing north east monsoon (December, 2017) has been collected during tidal variation in three locations (Location A- away from the coast towards inland, Location B-intermediate between Location A and the coast and Location C-at the estuary). 226Ra mass balance calculated groundwater fluxes irrespective of tidal variations were 2.27×108 m3/d, 2.19×108 m3/d and 5.22×107m3/d for A, B and C locations respectively. The nutrients like Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved inorganic Phosphate (DIP) and Dissolved Silica (DSi) were found to be influencing the coastal groundwater by contributing fluxes to the sea of about 679.33 T mol/day. The study suggests increasing radium and nutrient fluxes to the Bay altering the coastal ecosystems would result in surplus algal blooms creating hypoxia.

Pandemic Led Food Price Anomalies and Supply Chain Disruption: Evidence from COVID-19 Incidence in India

Distortion in distribution and consumption of agricultural commodities is a result of disruptive shocks in prices and food value chains leading to a significant food loss as well as waste. We investigated the COVID-19 induced lockdown effects in India through an interrupted time series analysis coupled with a survey result of 729 consumers, 225 farmers and synthesis of the literature evidence on food loss as well as food waste. Our article complements the literature inventory on COVID-19 by estimating and tracking the effects on prices and consumer behaviour in the long-run apart from discussing the implications for food loss and waste. Prices post-lockdown shot up immediately and significantly for chickpea (4.8%), mung bean (5.2%), and tomato (78.2%) corroborating the loss in highly perishable product – tomato – owing to its spiked price. We find no structural break in prices due to lockdown implying that lockdown-induced price change was not sufficient to alter the long-run price movement, and the prices of the major commodities reverted to the pre-lockdown levels. The pandemic induced lockdown did restrict the access to food markets and a majority of consumers (75.31%) experienced a price increase across COVID zones of different intensity of incidence leading to food loss along supply chain and wastage at consumers end. Consumers’ livelihood affected from moderate (59.53%) to severe (3.3%) with 92 per cent reporting a change in shopping behavior. The Kruskal-Wallis test on consumption behavior change indicated a significant shift among the consumers reporting altered income, mostly in the downside, post-lockdown. Despite the relaxation for agricultural related activities during the lockdown, farmers reported disruption in disposing their winter produce barring wheat, bolstered by a record state procurement in 2020. The paper affirms that the pandemic has caused a significant price change and unprecedented panic purchase that led to the food wastage but subsided soon exhibiting the resilience in Indian agriculture. We strongly recommend for promoting the capacity and collective resilience of small-scale production systems through institutions, policies and reforms. Contract farming, farmer producer organizations, creation and functioning of social safety nets to overcome income, production and price shocks, access to digital national markets and capacity building on food waste management practices will insulate vulnerable section as well as reduce the loss of food across supply chain.

IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURE MONITORING SYSTEM USING FUZZY LOGIC

India, Agriculture take place a essential role today. The Indian economic growth is also badly affected by Agriculture, as about 61.5% of total population is directly or indirectly is always depend upon the agricultural related activities. Dealing a various type of application in modern information technology era. This type of system activities will solve a series of problems faced by today farmers situation. The main aim of the project is to implement the automation in agricultural system, where it increases the efficiency in farming effective water irrigation, motion monitor around the field and fertility of soil. Corresponded data are collected from the sensor nodes and data are analyzed each session for irrigation scheduling using fuzzy logic in order to optimize the water usage. Comparing of those Mamdani-type FIS and Sugeno-type FIS was also done for water irrigation. The Fuzzy logic is implemented using NodeMCU micro controller. The captured image from the camera can be sent to mobile through ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. This system also used to check whether the plant is affected by any disease from its grain image using image processing techniques and tested using MATLAB.

農村活性化に向けたワークショップの意義とその効果 : 広島県における「6次産業化ワークショップ」の取組を事例として

農村活性化に向けたワークショップの意義とその効果 : 広島県における「6次産業化ワークショップ」の取組を事例として

Feasibility analysis of an off-grid photovoltaic-battery energy system for a farm facility

Renewable energy plays a very important role in the improvement and promotion of environmental sustainability in agricultural-related activities. &#x0D; This paper evaluates the techno-economic and environmental benefits of deploying photovoltaic (PV)- battery systems in a livestock farmhouse. &#x0D; For the energy requirements of the farm to be determined, a walkthrough energy audit is conducted on the farmhouse. The farm selected for this study is located in southern Nigeria. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Hybrid Optimization Modeling for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software was adapted for the purpose of the techno-economic analysis. It is found that a standalone PV/battery-powered system in farmhouse applications has higher economic viability when compared to its diesel-powered counterparts in terms of total net present cost (TNPC). A saving of 48% is achievable over the TNPC and Cost of Energy with zero emissions. The results obtained show &#x0D; the numerous benefits of replacing diesel generators with renewable energy sources such as PV-battery systems in farming applications.

Determinants of Farming Households’ Credit Accessibility in Rural Areas of Vietnam: A Case Study in Haiphong City, Vietnam

The role of agricultural sectors in the economic development of a country is undeniable, especially in developing and least-developed ones, ensuring food supply, increasing national income, export earnings and poverty reduction. Vietnam is known as an emerging market, depending directly on agriculture-related activities for their livelihood, in which the issue of rural credit access still remains a confounding problem. The paper focuses on identifying the determinants of credit access in rural areas of Vietnam using Haiphong city as a case study, including formal and informal credit. The paper uses data collected from a survey of 180 rural households in a district of Haiphong city. The probit and linear regression models are applied to investigate the factors that determine household credit accessibility, i.e., the household’s decision to borrow and borrowing amounts. Results of this analysis reveal the different significant determinants of formal and informal credit market access. Group membership and connection are found to have significantly strong impacts on formal credit accessibility while informal credit access is strongly influenced by agriculture income and dependency ratio. The implications of these findings for enhancing formal credit accessibility and decreasing the dependence on informal markets are discussed.