Agricultural Environment Monitoring Research Articles

Power Balance AODV Algorithm of WSN in Agriculture Monitoring

WSN (wireless sensor networks) is a kind of energy-constrained network, which has been widely used in precision agriculture environment monitoring. However, power balance is not taken into account in traditional routing algorithms. In this paper, a novel Power Balance Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (PB-AODV) routing algorithm is proposed on cross-layer design to solve the problem of power balance. The main idea of our proposed algorithm is that, routing path is established by the received signal strength indication (RSSI) value in the route discovery process of PB-AODV. The optimal transmitting power which can be computed by RSSI value, power threshold and node’s surplus energy is encapsulated into route reply packet (RRP). Thus, the sender node can adaptively adjust its transmission power to save energy with the RRP. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for load balancing, and increases the WSN’s lifetime about 14.3%.

Design of Agricultural Greenhouse Environment Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things Technology

In order to provide the environment for the growth of a crop monitoring program, design a monitoring system. In accordance with three-tier structure of the Internet of Things ,the structure of system is built by the way of using aware interactive layer, network transport layer, application service layer. By using Things technology the function of monitoring and controlling the agricultural greenhouse air temperature and humidity, light intensity and other environmental data is implemented. The data that sensors have collected is processed by Bayes filtering and sent to the monitoring terminal platform to display. The simulation results show that reliability of data through the Bayes filtering is enhanced. By making the MATLAB software simulation experiment the results show that the system is running well, the communication is normal, and after the filtering process the monitoring data curve is smoother, reducing data errors.

Agricultural Environment Monitoring System Based on Nx5883 Wireless Remote Control Terminal

According to the demand of the present agricultural environment on-line monitoring, a design scheme based on Nx5883 wireless remote control terminal is proposed for agricultural environment monitoring system. The monitoring system consists of background detection server and remote detection terminal; it can real-timely monitor the environment variables such as temperature, humidity and sunlight which can influence crop growth. Firstly the system framework is given, secondly the hardware is designed. Whats more, the function application and work process is given. Because of using the wireless data transmission, the system solved the existent problems in upgrade and expanding. Because the monitoring system has the advantages of low-power, low-cost, agile expanding and so on, it will possess a wildly application foreground.

Using GIS and Geostatistics to Optimize Soil Phosphorus and Magnesium Sampling in Temperate Grassland

Soil sampling design is an important issue for agricultural management and environmental monitoring. In this study, a total of 537 soil samples were collected based on a 30 × 30–m grid from a permanent dairy farm in southeastern Ireland. Five different subsample experiments at lower densities based on the original data set were performed to study the optimal soil sampling design for soil P and Mg using geostatistics and a GIS (geographical information system). Soil P ranged from 1.3 to 35.7 mg L, with a CV value of 0.68. Soil Mg ranged from 134.7 to 685.2 mg L, with a small CV value of 0.28. Soil P followed neither a normal nor a lognormal distribution. Box-Cox transformation was applied to achieve normality. On the other hand, soil Mg followed a normal distribution, as did its subdata. For soil P, an omnidirectional spherical model was used to describe the spatial autocorrelation. For soil Mg, a nested model (an exponential model combined with a Gaussian model) was used to fit the variograms. Further soil P interpolated maps revealed that soil grid sampling interval could increase to 90 m without a significant loss of spatial information, whereas soil Mg sampling interval could increase to 120 m, confirming that soil Mg had much stronger spatial structure than soil P. According to this study, a grid of 90 × 90 m was recommended for soil sampling, which was confirmed in other practical grassland farms. The spatial structure information was very useful to optimize soil sampling design for practical grassland management.

Development of an Agricultural Data Middleware to Integrate Multiple Sensor Networks for an Farm Environment Monitoring System

th , 2012; Revised: March 6 th , 2013; Accepted: March 7 th , 2013 Purpose: The objective of this study is to develop a data middleware for u-IT convergence in agricultural environment monitoring, which can support non-standard data interfaces and solve the compatibility problems of heterogenous sensor networks. Methods: Six factors with three different interfaces were chosen as tar get data among the environmental monitoring factors for crop cultivation. PostgresSQL and PostGI S were used for database and the data middleware was implemented by Python programming language. Based on hierarchical model design and key-value type table design, the data middleware was developed. For evaluation, 2,000 records of each data access interface were prepared. Results: Their execution times of File I/O interface, SQL interface and HTTP interface were 0.00951 s/record, 0.01967 s/record and 0.0401 s/record respectively. And there was no data loss. Conclusions: The data middleware integrated three heterogenous sensor networks with different data access interfaces.

Soil erosion and phosphorus losses under variable land use as simulated by the INCA‐P model

AbstractWe describe the calibration and application of the Integrated Catchment Phosphorus model (INCA‐P) to determine the key factors controlling run‐off, sediment and phosphorus (P) losses from a small catchment in southeast Norway. The INCA‐P model was parameterized for five land use categories: forest, grassland, urban areas and agricultural areas with and without autumn tillage. Monitoring data from the Norwegian Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Program were used for model calibration at the outlet of the catchment (Skuterud). Available measurements and local expert knowledge were used as reference data on sediment and P loss specific to land uses. We successfully applied the INCA‐P model to Nordic conditions: the Nash–Sutcliffe (N‐S) statistic, calculated for the calibration period, was 0.82, 0.71 and 0.67 for run‐off, sediment and P losses, respectively. For the validation period, the sediment and P losses were slightly overestimated. Scatter plots of observed versus modelled values of run‐off, sediment and total P losses indicated that in some cases, the INCA‐P model did not adequately represent extreme situations. It is likely that the modelled system behaves in a different way under moderate and large rainfall events, and the model does not represent these. We applied the model to five land use change scenarios to evaluate the possibilities for reducing particle‐bound P loads at the catchment outlet. Our results indicate that land use change can lead to more significant reduction in particle and P losses than changes in agricultural practices. The most favourable scenario for freshwater ecosystems would be afforestation: changing half of the agricultural areas to forest would reduce sediment and P losses by 44 and 40%, respectively. Changes in agricultural practice could also improve the situation, especially by reducing areas with autumn tillage to a minimum.

Design of Agriculture Environment Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

With the development of agricultural modernization, agricultural environment protection, sensor technology, MEMS, wireless communications, Wireless Sensor Networks have been paid great attention in industry field and our daily life, this paper designs an agricultural environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks, and gives the hardware design of sensor nodes and the flowchart of software. In order to meet requirements of agricultural environment monitoring signals, MSP430F149 is chosen as the microprocessor, and CC2420 module acts as the wireless communication module. The system can real-timely monitor agriculture environmental information, such as the temperature, humidity and light intensity.

Climate change and runoff from agricultural catchments in Norway

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of extreme weather conditions on runoff, nutrient, and soil loss from agriculture‐dominated catchments at different locations in Norway.Design/methodology/approachFour catchments have been selected to study the potential effects of climate change on runoff and nutrient loss. The catchments are part of the Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Programme in Norway (JOVA) and represent different climatological conditions, agricultural production systems/practices, and soil types. Different characteristics were calculated on the basis of existing measurements and evaluated with respect to climate change.FindingsIn four selected catchments, climate change is predicted to lead to an increase in runoff. Under similar land use and tillage methods, this will most likely lead to an increase in nutrient and soil loss. Milder winters as a consequence of climate change might lead to extreme runoff conditions and severe erosion, caused by a combination of frozen soil, snowmelt, and intense rainfall. Existing large diurnal variations in discharge have to be taken into consideration in the future design of hydrotechnical implementations. Information about the potential effects of climate change on runoff generation, the magnitude of the different hydrological flow paths, and their potential effects on nutrient and soil loss processes is necessary in choosing the right mitigation measures.Originality/valueLong time series on runoff and water quality (such as those collected in small agriculture‐dominated catchments as part of the Agricultural Environmental Monitoring Programme in Norway (JOVA)) are rare, but indispensable in evaluating the potential effects of climate change on nutrient and soil loss.

Design and Implementation of Agricultral Greenhouse Environmental Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things

During agricultural production, some information (such as temperature,humidty,wind, rainfall and PH of soil) is obtained by manual measurement method,which exists many problems,for example time-consuming, laborious problem.In this paper, the agricultural greenhouse environmental monitoring system is designed based on the Internet of Things,which realized remote realtime monitoring of the environmental information in greenhouse,combining with the Internet,wireless network and mobile network.A wireless sensor network is established for collecting environmental information such as temperature and humidity by using ZigBee protocol.Finally,the collected environmental information is accessed into the internet and mobile network through the control center .The monitoring system can realize the short message warming and real-time monitoring of agriculture enviromental information.

Applications of wireless sensor network in the agriculture environment monitoring

With the development of sensor technology, MEMS,wireless communications and the wide application of wireless sensor, Wireless Sensor Networks have been paid great attention in industry field and our daily life. In order to realize agricultural modernization and agricultural environment protection, this paper designs an agricultural environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks, and gives the hardware design of sensor nodes and the flowchart of software. Experiments have proved that the system is low power consumption and has stable running and high precision, which can realize remote real-time monitoring for unattended agriculture environment monitoring.

Design of ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks Nodes for Agricultural Environmental Monitoring

Design of ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks Nodes for Agricultural Environmental Monitoring

Study on an Agricultural Environment Monitoring Server System using Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper proposes an agricultural environment monitoring server system for monitoring information concerning an outdoors agricultural production environment utilizing Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology. The proposed agricultural environment monitoring server system collects environmental and soil information on the outdoors through WSN-based environmental and soil sensors, collects image information through CCTVs, and collects location information using GPS modules. This collected information is converted into a database through the agricultural environment monitoring server consisting of a sensor manager, which manages information collected from the WSN sensors, an image information manager, which manages image information collected from CCTVs, and a GPS manager, which processes location information of the agricultural environment monitoring server system, and provides it to producers. In addition, a solar cell-based power supply is implemented for the server system so that it could be used in agricultural environments with insufficient power infrastructure. This agricultural environment monitoring server system could even monitor the environmental information on the outdoors remotely, and it could be expected that the use of such a system could contribute to increasing crop yields and improving quality in the agricultural field by supporting the decision making of crop producers through analysis of the collected information.

통합 센서 모듈을 이용한 농업 환경 모니터링 시스템 개발

In this paper, we propose the Agricultural Environment Monitoring System based on Sensor Network which can collect information of crop cultivation environment and monitor it in real-time by using various environment sensors. Existing wireless sensor nodes, based on the sensor network, require extra conversion/control module depending on the characteristics. To solve this problem, we developed an integrated sensor module which can integrate various kinds of sensors used to obtain the necessary information for the area under crop cultivation. In addition, we developed sensor networks monitoring system which is suitable for an integrated sensor module. To verify the operating status of the proposed system, an integrated sensor node is installed in the test environment so that it can sense information of the environment and monitor it in real-time.

Selected examples of profitable applications of remote sensing for resources inventories and monitoring

The Remote Sensing Centre of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography in Warsaw has been operating since 1976. It has multi-disciplinary character; carries out scientific research, elaborates technologies of remote sensing investigations, applies remote sensing methods for solving various practical problems, coordinates national activities in this field, developes and disseminates remote sensing knowledge at both national and international levels offering various types of specialized training. The authors discuss the role of remote sensing investigations in the process of development planning. Examples of projects executed at the Remote Sensing Centre and concerning topographic and land use mapping, geological investigations, agricultural crop area determination, forest research, environmental monitoring and studies of climatic conditions in urban environment are described and extensively discussed in the paper. The authors emphasize these areas of the application of remote sensing and these interpretation techniques which are of potential interest for the developing countries.

Sketch of the Geology of the Salinas Valley, California

Previous articleNext article FreeSketch of the Geology of the Salinas Valley, CaliforniaEdward Hoit NutterEdward Hoit Nutter Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Geology Volume 9, Number 4May - Jun., 1901 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/620913 Views: 227Total views on this site Citations: 3Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Prudentia Zikalala, Isaya Kisekka, Mark Grismer Hydrological processing of salinity and nitrate in the Salinas Valley agricultural watershed, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193, no.S1S1 (May 2021).https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08811-3Andrew B. Gray, Gregory B. Pasternack, Elizabeth B. Watson, Jonathan A. Warrick, Miguel A. Goñi The effect of El Niño Southern Oscillation cycles on the decadal scale suspended sediment behavior of a coastal dry-summer subtropical catchment, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 40, no.22 (Aug 2014): 272–284.https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3627A.B. Gray, J.A. Warrick, G.B. Pasternack, E.B. Watson, M.A. Goñi Suspended sediment behavior in a coastal dry-summer subtropical catchment: Effects of hydrologic preconditions, Geomorphology 214 (Jun 2014): 485–501.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.03.009