Agricultural Water Use Research Articles

Can the use of magnetized water affect the seedling development and the metabolite profiles of two different species: Lentil and durum wheat?

Seedlings of durum wheat and lentil were utilized to investigate the efficiency of magnetic water on growth and metabolic epicotyl profile. Tap water was passed through a magnetic device with a flow rate of max. 12900 - 13200 Gauss (G). Seeds and plantlets were grown on sand-free paper soaked by magnetized water, with unmagnetized tap water used in a control group. The growth parameters were collected at three time points (48, 96, and 144 hours after treatment), the same times at which metabolomic analysis was conducted on seeds, roots, and epicotyls. Although the effects varied with the species, tissues, and time point considered, compared with tap water (TW), the use of magnetized water treatment (MWT) led to higher root elongation in both genotypes. On the contrary, epicotyl length was not affected by treatment both in durum wheat and lentil. The results indicate that the use of magnetized water in agriculture can be considered a sustainable technology to promote plant development and quality with reduced and more efficient water usage, leading to cost-saving and environmental protection.

Optimized border irrigation delays winter wheat flag leaf senescence and promotes grain filling.

Border irrigation is still the main irrigation method in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC), and the suitable irrigation border length for water saving and high yield under traditional irrigation is still unclear. Therefore, a 2-year traditional border irrigation experiment (2017-2019) was conducted on the HPC. Four border lengths were tested: 20m (L20), 30m (L30), 40m (L40), and 50m (L50). These treatments were given supplementary irrigation at jointing and anthesis. An exclusively rainfed condition formed the control treatment. Compared with other treatments, the activities of superoxide dismutase antioxidant and sucrose phosphate synthetase, and the contents of sucrose and soluble proteins after anthesis were higher in the L40 and L50 treatments, while the content of malondialdehyde content was lower. Therefore, the L40 treatment effectively delayed the decrease in the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, promoted grain filling, and achieved the highest thousand-grain weight. Compared with the L40 treatment, the grain yields of the L20 and L30 treatment were significantly reduced, while the water productivity of the L50 treatment was significantly reduced. These findings suggest that 40m was the optimal border length for both high yield and water saving in this experiment. This study provides a simple and low-cost water-saving irrigation method for winter wheat in the HPC under traditional irrigation, which can help alleviate the pressure of agricultural water use.

Mapping Vegetation Index-Derived Actual Evapotranspiration across Croplands Using the Google Earth Engine Platform

Precise knowledge of crop water consumption is essential to better manage agricultural water use, particularly in regions where most countries struggle with increasing water and food insecurity. Approaches such as cloud computing and remote sensing (RS) have facilitated access, process, and visualization of big geospatial data to map and monitor crop water requirements. To find the most reliable Vegetation Index (VI)-based evapotranspiration (ETa) for croplands in drylands, we modeled and mapped ETa using empirical RS methods across the Zayandehrud river basin in Iran for two decades (2000–2019) on the Google Earth Engine platform using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (EVI2). Developed ET-VI products in this study comprise three NDVI-based ETa (ET-NDVI*, ET-NDVI*scaled, and ET-NDVIKc) and an EVI2-based ETa (ET-EVI2). We (a) applied, for the first time, the ET-NDVI* method to croplands as a crop-independent index and then compared its performance with the ET-EVI2 and crop ET, and (b) assessed the ease and feasibility of the transferability of these methods to other regions. Comparing four ET-VI products showed that annual ET-EVI2 and ET-NDVI*scaled estimations were close. ET-NDVIKc consistently overestimated ETa. Our findings indicate that ET-EVI2 and ET-NDVIKc were easy to parametrize and adopt to other regions, while ET-NDVI* and ET-NDVI*scaled are site-dependent and sensitive to image acquisition time. ET-EVI2 performed robustly in arid and semi-arid regions making it a better tool. Future research should further develop and confirm these findings by characterizing the accuracy of VI-based ETa over croplands in drylands by comparing them with available ETa products and examining their performance using crop-specific comparisons.

Evaluation of Water Resources Utilization Efficiency Based on DEA and AHP under Climate Change

In the context of climate change, the problem of water scarcity is becoming increasingly serious, and improving the efficiency of water resources use is an important measure to alleviate this problem. The evaluation of water resources utilization efficiency has become the basis of water resource management. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are widely used in the evaluation of water resources utilization efficiency. However, one of these methods is mostly used for evaluation, which cannot reflect the influence of both objective and subjective factors. Therefore, in this study, we propose a water resources utilization efficiency index (WEI) to evaluate the water resources utilization efficiency of each region in the Tumen River Basin (TRB), combining both DEA and AHP methods. Firstly, the DEA-CCR model was used to quantify domestic, agricultural and industrial water use efficiency in the TRB. The DEA-BCC model was used to analyze the main influences on water use efficiency in each sector. Secondly, the WEI was constructed by assigning weights using the AHP model based on the importance of each water use sector. The results show that the WEI values for most areas within the TRB trended upwards between 2014 and 2019. In particular, domestic water use efficiency ranged from 0.294 to 0.775, while agricultural and industrial water use efficiency ranged from 0.039 to 0.054 and 0.031 to 0.375, respectively. Technical efficiency is the main factor influencing water use efficiency in TRB. This study could provide a basis for water resource management and mitigation of water scarcity in the context of climate change.

Effect of Magnetized Brackish Water Drip Irrigation on Water and Salt Transport Characteristics of Sandy Soil in Southern Xinjiang, China

Xinjiang is short on freshwater resources and rich in ones. The unregulated use of brackish water for agriculture leads to the aggravation of secondary salinization in soil; however, magnetization can improve the quality of brackish water. To evaluate the effects of magnetized brackish water drip irrigation on the water and salt transport characteristics of sandy soil in southern Xinjiang, China, a field plot experiment was carried out in which irrigation water was treated using one or two water magnetization events at different magnetization intensities. Water was treated at five magnetization intensities: 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 5000 Gs, while unmagnetized water was used as the control. The results showed that the magnetization of brackish water used in drip irrigation decreased the water transport rate and increased the water holding capacity of the root layer soil. Magnetized irrigation water enhanced the leaching of soil salt and reduced the rate of salt accumulation. Compared with the control, the salt content of the magnetized water-irrigated soil decreased by 15.0%~33.7%, and the salt storage in the magnetized water-irrigated soil decreased by 44.99%~86.78%. The lowest rate of salt accumulation (4.96%) was observed at a magnetization intensity of 3000 Gs. Magnetized water irrigation changed the composition and proportions of soil ions, and Na+, Cl−, and SO42− leaching from the soil increased. The effect of magnetizing the irrigation water twice was greater than that of one magnetization event. Magnetizing the water twice at an intensity of 3000 Gs led to the largest decrease in the relative percentage contents of Na+ and Cl−, which were 80.90% and 82.36%, respectively. The magnetization intensity had a significant effect on the soil carbon and nitrogen contents, which showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as the magnetization intensity rose. The total carbon content after irrigation with magnetized water increased by 13.48%~63.35%, and the total nitrogen content increased by 11.73%~147.96%. The magnetization treatment of irrigation water can therefore reduce the risk of soil salinization and reduce salinity stress on crops in arid regions, providing a new method for alleviating the shortage of freshwater resources in Xinjiang and a means to use brackish water safely while improving salinized soil.

Ecological restoration exacerbates the agriculture-induced water crisis in North China Region

The North China Region (NCR), a typical grain base and highly populated area in China, is a well-recognized global groundwater funnel. Severe water shortage has been threatening and limiting sustainable development in the region over the past decades. Previous studies have reported the depleted water resources in the NCR and attributed the major driver to intensified agricultural water use, hardly considering the effects of the large-scale implementation of ecological restoration (ER) programs. As terrestrial water storage (TWS) is a critical indicator for measuring and evaluating regional water resources, understanding its spatial and temporal dynamics and responses to ER programs is significant for sustainable water management in the NCR. Here, we examine the interannual variations and trends of TWS in the NCR during 2002–2016 by using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data and the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. We find the significantly (p < 0.01) decreasing TWS (-8.9 mm/yr) and identify a hotspot with the most rapid depletion (-12.7±0.45 mm/yr) in the western NCR, where interannual variations and spatial patterns of TWS depletion are consistent with those of ER-induced greening. Attribution analyses of TWS depletion by considering precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff suggest increasing evapotranspiration induced by afforestation as the major driver for TWS depletion in the ER regions. Our study highlights ER is posing a new threat to water security in the NCR, and taking ecological water usage into account would be necessary for the synergy of food, water, and ecological securities and regional sustainable development.

The persistent impact of drought stress on the resilience of summer maize.

Crop resilience refers to the adaptive ability of crops to resist drought at a certain level. Currently, most of the research focuses on the changes in root or photosynthesis traits of crops after drought and rehydration. Still, the persistence effect (drought period (T2) - rehydration period (T3) - harvest period (T4)) of drought stress on crops and quantitative estimation of resilience is still unclear. Field experiments were conducted in this study to determine the persistence effects on above-ground and below-ground growth indicators of summer maize at different levels and durations of drought. Next, an evaluation method for integrated resilience of summer maize was proposed, and a quantitative assessment of integrated resilience was made by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and resilience index calculation. The results showed that the resilience of summer maize decreased with increasing drought levels, which persisted until harvest. Although summer maize resilience was strong after rewatering under light drought (DR1), declined after sustained rewatering. At the same time, production had decreased. However, a specific drought duration could improve the resilience of summer maize under light drought conditions. In particular, leaf biomass and root growth in the 30-50cm layer could be enhanced under long duration light drought (LDR1), thus improving summer maize resilience and yield. Thus, under water shortage conditions, a certain level and duration drought could improve the resilience and yield of summer maize, which would persist until harvest. Clarifying the persistent effects on the growth indicators of summer maize and quantitatively evaluating the resilience of summer maize could improve agricultural food production and water use efficiency.

Factors Influencing Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture: A Case Study of Shaanxi, China

Enhancing agricultural water use efficiency can support Shaanxi Province’s transition to a sustainable agricultural economy. Using the data envelopment approach (DEA), we evaluated the water use efficiency in agriculture of various cities in the Shaanxi Province of China. Moran’s I and Dagum Gini coefficients were used to reveal spatial and temporal characteristics of agricultural water use efficiency. Furthermore, the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was used to investigate the effects of the agricultural economy, level of water-saving irrigation, cropping structure, environmental factors, and water supply structure on agricultural water use efficiency. The findings demonstrate that the average agricultural water use efficiency from 2011 to 2020 is low (0.796) in Shaanxi Province. Spatially there is considerable variation in water use efficiency between cities, with some highly efficient and some with very low efficiency. There is a strong negative spatial correlation between cities, with high efficiency cities tending to be adjacent to low efficiency cities. Moreover, the spatial differences in agricultural water use efficiency have increased over time, with the most significant increase within the northern region and between the north and central areas. Each influencing factor has a different impact from year to year and from city to city. Overall, the level of water-saving, the level of agricultural economics, the structure of the water supply, and environmental factors primarily have a negative influence. In contrast, the planting structure primarily has a favorable function. Therefore, to support the coordinated growth of agricultural water use efficiency, Shaanxi Province should improve its city-to-city cooperation and exchange of water use technology and experience, as well as develop differentiated water use measures appropriately for the development of each city according to local conditions.

Evolutionary Trends, Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of the Green Efficiency of Agricultural Water Use in China Based on WF-GTWR Model.

Improving the green efficiency of agricultural water use is a key way to promote the sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources and sustainable development of economy and society. This work calculated and analyzed the evolution trend, regional differences and driving factors of the green efficiency of agricultural water use in China from the perspective of the water footprint. The results show that the green efficiency of agricultural water use in China shows a fluctuation trend of first declining and then rising from 1997 to 2020, after which the average efficiency dropped from 0.538 in 1997 to 0.406 in 2009, and then rose rapidly to 0.989 in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of about 3.6%. From a regional perspective, the green efficiency of agricultural water use in the eastern region was the highest (0.594), above the national average (0.538), followed by the western region (0.522), with the central region in last (0.491), with significant regional differences. The spatial differences in the green efficiency of available agricultural water in China shows a fluctuating downward trend. The Gini coefficient fluctuated from 0.271 in 1997 to 0.182 in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of about -1.4%. The main source of this regional difference was super-variable density, followed by the difference between the eastern and the central regions. The influence of urbanization level, water-saving level and agricultural trade on the green efficiency of agricultural water use was always positive and the influence of industrialization level was always negative; among them, the urbanization level, water-saving level and industrialization level had a greater impact on Northeast China, and agricultural trade had a greater impact on Southeast China. Therefore, this work puts forward relevant policy recommendations.

Investigation of Irrigation Water Requirement and Evapotranspiration for Water Resource Management in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Water scarcity and water quality degradation are exacerbated by climate change in all countries, including Pakistan. The use of water in agriculture is one of the most predominant resources, so reducing consumption and improving resource management is of utmost importance. In the past few decades, excessive irrigation has led to severe water scarcity and reduced water quality. This study determined the irrigation requirements for cotton, rice, and wheat, using the CROPWAT model in Southern Punjab (Multan District). In the study area, evapotranspiration ranged from 1.8 to 10.24 mm/day, while effective rainfall ranged from 2 to 31.3 mm. Rice, cotton, and wheat each required 996.4, 623.3, and 209.5 mm of irrigation, respectively. Among rice, cotton, and wheat, the total net irrigation was 72.4, 67.8, and 44.1 mm, respectively, while the total gross irrigation was 103.5, 99.8, and 63 mm. The CROPWAT model showed a moderately useful result for identifying irrigation needs in Southern Punjab. The study emphasizes the need for groundwater harvesting and water management technologies to implement a water management system that reduces water shortages.

Effect of Irrigation Management and Water Quality on Soil and Sorghum bicolor Payenne Yield in Cape Verde

Treated water use for agriculture will promote sustainable irrigation development and food sovereignty. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) compared to drip irrigation (DI) and of reclaimed water (RW) versus conventional groundwater (CW), to produce forage sustainably in a warm arid region. A sorghum experiment was conducted in a field on Santiago Island (Cape Verde). A forage yield of 200 t fresh matter·ha−1·year−1, irrigated by RW, was obtained. Considering Cape Verde regulations, it is possible to irrigate sorghum using a drip system and RW without adding fertilizers. Soil fertility (OM and Ntot) increased, while risk parameters (EC, nitrate, and Na) returned to their initial values after the rainy season. The best irrigation water use efficiency was obtained by RWSDI (200 L·kg−1 DM) compared to RWDI, which needed 34% more water. According to the results, a high nitrate elimination rate in treatment plants might not be desirable if agricultural reuse is planned to irrigate high-N-demanding species. Establishing new salinity tolerance levels under reuse conditions with SDI, and irrigating in rainy months to promote the lixiviation of salts in arid regions are also necessary.

Phenology-Based Remote Sensing Assessment of Crop Water Productivity

The assessment of crop water productivity (CWP) is of practical significance for improving regional agricultural water use efficiency and water conservation levels. The remote sensing method is a common method for estimating large scale CWP, and the assessment errors in CWP by remote sensing originate mainly from remote sensing inversion errors in crop yield and evapotranspiration (ET). The phenological period is the important factor in crop ET and yield estimation. The crop coefficient (Kc) and harvest index (HI), which are closely related to different phenological periods, are considered during the processes of crop ET and yield estimation. The crop phenological period is detected from enhanced vegetation index (EVI) curves using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and Sentinel-2 data. The crop ET is estimated using the surface–energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) model and Penman‒Monteith (P-M) equation, and the crop yield is estimated using the dry matter mass–harvest index method. The CWP is calculated as the ratio of the crop yield to ET during the growing season. The results show that the daily ET and crop yield estimated from remote sensing images are consistent with the measured values. It is found from the variation in daily ET that the peaks appear at the heading period of wheat and maize, which are in good agreement with the rainfall and growth characteristics of the crop. The relationship between crop yield and ET shows a negative parabolic correlation, and that between CWP and crop yield shows a linear correlation. The average CWPs of wheat and maize are 1.60 kg/m3 and 1.39 kg/m3, respectively. The results indicate that the phenology-based remote sensing inversion method has a good effect on the assessment of CWP in Lixin County.

Recent Decline of Irrigation‐Induced Cooling Effect Over the North China Plain in Observations and Model Simulations

AbstractIrrigation over the North China Plain (NCP) has been demonstrated to lower temperature by altering the surface energy budget. During past decades, the concurrence of irrigated area variation and reduced irrigation intensity prompted our investigation into whether there has been a temporal change in irrigation cooling effect over the NCP, which is largely unknown. Using historical observations in 1979–2018, we detect a shift in the cooling effect occurring around 1995, when the expansion of irrigated area was going to slow down and water‐conserving irrigation technology was boomingly introduced. After this time, the accelerated process of cooling effect (−0.0045°C year−1) switches to a decelerated one (0.0089°C year−1). Regional climate simulations also show a pronounced slowdown in irrigation‐induced cooling with the rate of 0.0081°C year−1. The irrigation‐induced cooling is expected to be weaker with the persistent reduction in agricultural water use and contribute to a more rapid warming.

Remote sensing techniques for water management and climate change monitoring in drought areas: case studies in Egypt and Tunisia

ABSTRACT This study focused on monitoring the water status of vegetation and soil by exploiting the synergy of optical and microwave satellite data with the aim of improving the knowledge of water cycle in cultivated lands in Egyptian Delta and Tunisian areas. Environmental analysis approaches based on optical and synthetic aperture radar data were carried out to set up the basis for future implementation of practical and cost-effective methods for sustainable water use in agriculture. Long-term behaviors of vegetation indices were thus analyzed between 2000 and 2018. By using SAR data from Sentinel-1, an Artificial Neural Network-based algorithm was implemented for estimating soil moisture and monthly maps for 2018 have been generated to be compared with information derived from optical indices. Moreover, a novel drought severity index was developed and applied to available data. The index was obtained by combining vegetation soil difference index, derived from optical data, and soil moisture content derived from SAR data. The proposed index was found capable of complementing optical and microwave sensitivity to drought-related parameters, although ground data are missing for correctly validating the results, by capturing drought patterns and their temporal evolution better than indices based only on microwave or optical data..

A New Procedure for Combining UAV-Based Imagery and Machine Learning in Precision Agriculture

Drone images from an experimental field cropped with sugar beet with a high diffusion of weeds taken from different flying altitudes were used to develop and test a machine learning method for vegetation patch identification. Georeferenced images were combined with a hue-based preprocessing analysis, digital transformation by an image embedder, and evaluation by supervised learning. Specifically, six of the most common machine learning algorithms were applied (i.e., logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, random forest, neural network, and support-vector machine). The proposed method was able to precisely recognize crops and weeds throughout a wide cultivation field, training from single partial images. The information has been designed to be easily integrated into autonomous weed management systems with the aim of reducing the use of water, nutrients, and herbicides for precision agriculture.

Contribution of cryosphere to runoff in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and arid region based on environmental isotopes

Abstract. As the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and arid region, the Qilian Mountains are important ecological barriers and source regions of inland rivers in northwest China. In recent decades, drastic changes in the cryosphere have had a considerable impact on the formation process of water resources in the Qilian Mountains. In this study, 2164 environmental isotope samples were used to quantify the runoff components of 11 major rivers in the Qilian Mountains and investigate the influence of cryosphere changes on mountain runoff. The results show that the mountain runoff primarily originates in the cryosphere belt, which contributes approximately 82 %, 71 %, and 80 % to the Hexi inland water system, the upper stream of the Yellow River system, and the Qinghai inland river system, respectively. The maximum contribution ratio of glacier and snow meltwater to runoff occurred in May. The contribution of supra-permafrost water to runoff gradually increased from May and reached approximately 40 % in some rivers in October. Cryosphere degradation in the Qilian Mountains after the 1990s has caused a rapid increase in runoff, changes in the peak runoff time, and an increase in winter runoff. These changes in the hydrological processes bring opportunities and challenges to managing inland river water resources, and various adaptive measures to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages have been proposed. The findings from the environmental isotope analysis provide insights into understanding water resources and realizing the nexus of life, agriculture, industry, and ecological water use.

Комплексная оценка пригодности водных ресурсов для орошения

Assessment of the suitability of water resources for irrigation purposes using various approaches. The closure of the North Crimean Canal system has led to an increase in water scarcity in the Republic of Crimea. As a result, limited usable water resources have been used for irrigation purposes. For a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of this type of anthropogenic activity, it is necessary to assess the quality of water in terms of its negative impact on plants, soil, elements of irrigation systems and irrigation techniques. The article provides a brief description of the most widely used approaches in world and domestic practice to analyze the suitability of water resources for irrigation purposes. Based on them, on the example of specific water management facilities whose resources are used or are planned to be used for irrigation, a comprehensive assessment of water quality was carried out. As a result of the study, it was found that the analysis of the suitability of water resources for irrigation purposes, based only on the assessment of their chemical composition, does not always allow us to get an unambiguous answer to the question whether they should be used for irrigation, since this is further influenced by a number of factors: the amount of precipitation, the volume of irrigation norms, the method of irrigation, the type of soil and others. However, its results contribute to the justification of actions aimed at reducing / preventing the negative consequences of the use of water in agriculture that does not meet the quality requirements.

Regional Characteristics and Impact Factors of Change in Terrestrial Water Storage in Northwestern China From 2002 to 2020

This article characterized the linear trends and interannual signals of terrestrial water storage (TWS) and meteorological variables including precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ET) over the arid Northwestern China (NWC). The relative impaction of P, ET, and human water utilization (HU) on TWS variation among the 10 watersheds of NWC (i.e., 5 watersheds in Xinjiang, 3 watersheds in Hexi Corridor, and 2 watersheds in Qinghai) were then investigated. The result indicated that groundwater storage (GWS) was the main contributor to the TWS variation and matched well with TWS in spatial features or watershed-scale variations. The entire NWC presented growth trends for P (0.05 cm/year) and ET (0.22 cm/year) and decline trends for TWS (−0.19 cm/year) and GWS (−0.20 cm/year). The watersheds in Qinghai province where mainly affected by natural factors showed the increasing TWS/GWS trend. The watersheds in Xinjiang and Hexi Corridor, which had strong impact from human activities generally showed the declining TWS/GWS trends, but Xinjiang showed more intensive declining trend than Hexi Corridor. The analysis of HU indicated that water sustainable management and water-saving technologies had effectively kept down the tendency of TWS/GWS declining in the watersheds in Hexi Corridor, however, they were not sufficient to address the water shortage caused by farmland expansion, slight P growth, and high ET growth in Xinjiang. Groundwater use, as the main source to compensate for the increase in HU (especially agricultural water use), exacerbated TWS/GWS loss in Xinjiang. This article provides valuable information for the water management over the arid NWC.

Effects of economic and climatic factors on agricultural water use in arid regions

Effects of economic and climatic factors on agricultural water use in arid regions

THE ORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASES OF SOIL-BASED WASTEWATER PRETREATMENT

In recent years, increasing anthropogenic loads on the environment, especially pollution of surface water by return water has complicated the ecological situation in the region of the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea region, worsened the sanitary conditions of life and health of people. A complicated situation has developed with wastewater separation of the cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the next 20 years, when volumes of sewage will increase 1.5-2.0 times, industrial methods of treatment can not provide protection of watercourses, because of the large amount of residual pollutants discharged even with treated effluents. In this regard, the study of main sources of surface water pollutants and development of scientifically-based principles of agricultural use of return water (sewage and collector-drainage water) in the lower reaches of the Syrdarya River acquire special urgency. This approach solves not only issues of water bodies protection from pollutants, but also irrigation water saving, providing irrigation fields with elements of mineral fertilizers, increasing soil fertility and yield of agricultural and forestry crops. There are many attempts in domestic and foreign science to create a scientific concept of rational and reasonable use of wastewater and collector-drainage water (CDW) in agriculture and forestry. However, it is not possible to transfer in conditions of Syrdarya river lower reaches because of natural-climatic peculiarities of the region