Agricultural Water Supply Research Articles

Wildfire and climate change amplify knowledge gaps linking mountain source-water systems and agricultural water supply in the western United States

Agricultural production in the western United States relies on water supplies from mountain source-water systems that are sensitive to impacts from wildfire and a changing climate. The resultant challenges to water supply forecasting directly impact agricultural producers and irrigation managers who rely on snowmelt and streamflow forecasts for crop selection and irrigation scheduling. To date, much research has focused on source-water system processes and agricultural production separately, but in this short communication we highlight a substantial need for new research connecting these disparate systems to improve forecasting accuracy. We identify key knowledge and data gaps regarding the functioning of source watersheds and their contributions to agricultural water resources with associated uncertainties in the context of wildfire and changing climate. In doing so, we encourage researchers, resource managers, and agricultural producers to consider the interdependency of water supply source and sink relationships through improved observations, monitoring, and modeling to ensure sustainable food production in the western US.

From the peaks to the plains: Investigating the role of elevation in governing drought dynamics over the Indus river basin

Drought is referred as a natural calamity which negatively affects various sectors especially water resources, food security and the economy of the country. High altitude regions as compared to low-lying areas, are more vulnerable and sensitive to changing climate. In order to comprehend the entire drought phenomena, analyzing drought trends with respect to elevation for different time scales is of great significance. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to investigate the spatiotemporal variation of meteorological droughts and to explore the relationship between elevation and drought dynamics over the Indian extent of Indus river basin, which is an important drainage system of the Indian sub-continent as far as agricultural productivity and water supply is concerned. Heterogeneity of the elevation spread over the basin ranging from 93 to 8489 m, makes it suitable for exploring the elevation relationship with drought characteristics. For this purpose, gridded monthly precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature data of 0.120 × 0.120 spatial resolution (1956 grids) for a time period of 42 years (1979–2020) is utilized to study the drought characteristics. Drought events are identified based on Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Computation of SPEI-annual and SPEI-seasonal (pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) is done on the basis of climatic water balance, connecting to the droughts. Modified Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope method have been used to detect significant trends in the region. Results show that the trends in the drought indices have very high heterogeneity across different seasons. Overall, 13% (14%) grids show drying (wetting) trends for annual SPEI time series analysis. However, seasonally, it is found that monsoon and post- monsoon seasons have larger areas in the basin with wetting trends. Moreover, the pre-monsoon season has a larger area with drying trends. The study region has experienced 0%–10% and 0%–5% severe and extreme drought frequency respectively, over the time period 1979–2020. A relationship between drought and elevation is observed, depicting wetting trend is associated with elevations up-to around 2000 m with decreasing rate of wetting whereas, for the altitudes from 2000 to 6000 m drying trends prevails. However, a lesser rate of drying is observed for the higher elevations above around 4000 m as compared to altitudes between 2000 and 4000 m. The plausible causes of this certain behavior of SPEI trend with elevation is determined by further analysis of the trend of meteorological parameters (precipitation and PET) which were utilized for the computation of SPEI. Both precipitation and PET trends are found to be responsible for the SPEI trends along the elevation gradient.

Characterization and Productivity of Alluvial Aquifers in Sustainability Oasis Areas: A Case Study of the Tata Watershed (Southeast Morocco)

Groundwater from alluvial aquifers is a critical source of water supply for rural agriculture, particularly in semi-arid and arid regions. Effective management of these aquifers requires an understanding of the factors that influence their water resources. In this study, we present a case study of the Tata watershed in southeastern Morocco, where the economy is heavily dependent on agriculture and relies exclusively on groundwater. We demonstrate the importance of integrating geological, hydrogeological, and geophysical methods to characterize the aquifer and evaluate groundwater productivity. Analysis of 64 data wells tapping into the aquifer revealed significant disparities in flow yields, ranging from 0.05 to 15.50 L per second. The highest yields were found between depths of 12 and 43 m, which correspond to the alluvium and the altered and fractured part of its substrate. The maximum alluvial thickness of 57 m was determined using geo-electrical prospecting. A piezometric map was created to define the recharge zones, which correspond to the lateral contributions of the bordering Georgian limestones, and infiltration of both rain and surface water along the Tata wadi. Since 1987, there has been a continuous drop in groundwater level, which can be attributed to the increase in irrigated areas following financial incentives provided by the Moroccan government to the agricultural sector. A proposal has been made for the construction of a recharge dam to enable the recharge of the alluvial aquifer. This development is expected to serve a dual purpose by mitigating the deleterious impacts of flooding and facilitating the gradual water infiltration of the alluvial aquifer. This case study provides insights into the hydrodynamics of the aquifer and establishes a simplified model of its functioning. These findings have important implications for the management of alluvial aquifers in similar regions.

Irrigation Scheduling for Maize under Different Hydrological Years in Heilongjiang Province, China.

Appropriate irrigation schedules could minimize the existing imbalance between agricultural water supply and crop water requirements (ETc), which is severely impacted by climate change. In this study, different hydrological years (a wet year, normal year, dry year, and an extremely dry year) in Heilongjiang Province were calculated by hydrological frequency methods. Then, the single crop coefficient method was used to calculate the maize ETc, based on the daily meteorological data of 26 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1960 to 2020. Afterward, the CROPWAT model was used to calculate the effective precipitation (Pe) and irrigation water requirement (Ir), and formulate the irrigation schedules of maize in Heilongjiang Province under different hydrological years. The results showed that ETc and Ir decreased first and then increased from west to east. The Pe and crop water surplus deficit index increased first and then decreased from west to east in Heilongjiang Province. Meanwhile, the average values of the Ir in were 171.14 mm, 232.79 mm, 279.08 mm, and 334.47 mm in the wet year, normal year, dry year, and extremely dry year, respectively. Heilongjiang Province was divided into four irrigation zones according to the Ir of different hydrological years. Last, the irrigation quotas for the wet year, normal year, dry year, and extremely dry year were 0~180 mm, 20~240 mm, 60~300 mm, and 80~430 mm, respectively. This study provides reliable support for maize irrigation practices in Heilongjiang Province, China.

The conflicts of agricultural water supply and demand under climate change in a typical arid land watershed of Central Asia

Study Region. The Bosten Lake basin. Study Focus. The irrigated agriculture distributed in arid/semi-arid areas is of great significance for. food security and sustainable development. However, the shortage of water resources. limits agricultural development in these areas, and the water distribution pattern under. climate change is also uncertain. In this research, the Bosten Lake basin was selected. as the study area, and the monthly agricultural water supply (AWS) and demand. (AWD) in the historical and future periods were evaluated. New Hydrological Insights for the Region. Supported by the hydrological model and evapotranspiration model, the AWS and. AWD of the watershed were first evaluated, and 37 GCMs under CMIP6 were used to. expand the study to future periods, a novel downscaling scheme consisting of IDW and. BMA is used to increase the reliability of the results. The supply and demand of. agricultural water in the future scenarios within the region are revealed. In the. forthcoming future (the 2030 s), the watershed will maintain the warming and wetting. trend in the historical period. In the long-term future (the 2060 s), agricultural water. scarcity will become more severe, especially under the high emission scenario. (ssp585). The adaption strategies to address climate change have also been. proposed, and efficient water conveyance is highly recommended. This study is. expected to provide a reference for water resources management in arid/semi-arid. watersheds.

CFD Investigations of Water Supply and Distribution Systems of Ancient Old and New World Archaeological Sites to Recover Ancient Water Engineering Technologies

New to archaeological studies is the field of paleohydrology characterized by the use of modern hydraulic engineering and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of ancient urban and agricultural water supply and distribution systems. Examples are presented in nine chapters of CFD investigations of old and new world archaeological sites (several of which are World Heritage sites) using FLOW-3D CFD software to bring forward new discoveries revealing the depth of ancient water engineers’ knowledge and creativity not previously noted in the archaeological literature. As modern analysis methods reveal technical details of ancient water systems, equivalent ancient technologies exist that were used in the design and operation of ancient water systems, albeit in formats, texts, and origins yet to be discovered. The nine chapters to follow present brief summaries of ancient sites’ water systems and the use of CFD and modern hydraulic engineering methods to discover the water engineering knowledge base used by ancient water engineers. Results are new revelations unknown in the current literature of ancient sites. Paleohydrology studies presented serve to add a further dimension to the history of ancient new and old world archaeological sites by bringing forward added details of water engineering projects accomplished by ancient engineers.

Forecasting Long-Series Daily Reference Evapotranspiration Based on Best Subset Regression and Machine Learning in Egypt

The estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), a crucial step in the hydrologic cycle, is essential for system design and management, including the balancing, planning, and scheduling of agricultural water supply and water resources. When climates vary from arid to semi-arid, and there are problems with a lack of meteorological data and a lack of future information on ETo, as is the case in Egypt, it is more important to estimate ETo precisely. To address this, the current study aimed to model ETo for Egypt’s most important agricultural governorates (Al Buhayrah, Alexandria, Ismailiyah, and Minufiyah) using four machine learning (ML) algorithms: linear regression (LR), random subspace (RSS), additive regression (AR), and reduced error pruning tree (REPTree). The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) was used to gather daily climate data variables from 1979 to 2014. The datasets were split into two sections: the training phase, i.e., 1979–2006, and the testing phase, i.e., 2007–2014. Maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and solar radiation (SR) were found to be the three input variables that had the most influence on the outcome of subset regression and sensitivity analysis. A comparative analysis of ML models revealed that REPTree outperformed competitors by achieving the best values for various performance matrices during the training and testing phases. The study’s novelty lies in the use of REPTree to estimate and predict ETo, as this algorithm has not been commonly used for this purpose. Given the sparse attempts to use this model for such research, the remarkable accuracy of the REPTree model in predicting ETo highlighted the rarity of this study. In order to combat the effects of aridity through better water resource management, the study also cautions Egypt’s authorities to concentrate their policymaking on climate adaptation.

Freshwater competition among agricultural, industrial, and municipal sectors in a water-scarce country. Lessons of Pakistan's fifty-year development of freshwater consumption for other water-scarcecountries

Agriculture, industry and municipal water supply compete over scarce freshwater. This study calculated sectoral blue water footprints (WFs) in water scarce Pakistan between 1971 and 2020. Agriculture dominates blue WFs, industry contributed 0.5–1.4%, municipal WFs 0.5–1.7%. Manufacture (cloth and yarn) and electricity production (hydropower) dominated blue industrial WFs. Agricultural crop and livestock production tripled using the same amount of blue water, but industrial and municipal WFs increased with increasing production/population, the blue industrial WF by a factor of 3.3, municipal WFs by a factor of 3.6. Pakistan's water scarcity depends on environmental flow requirement (EFR) definitions. Volumetric government definitions generate low water scarcity allocating almost all water to society. Higher EFR's generate moderate to severe scarcity. Efficient agriculture leaves more water for industry and municipal supply, increasing crop output and decreasing sectoral competition. Policy might support improved water infrastructure. Pakistan's lessons are relevant for other water scarce countries.

Deep Ensemble-Based Approach Using Randomized Low-Rank Approximation for Sustainable Groundwater Level Prediction

Groundwater is the most abundant freshwater resource. Agriculture, industrialization, and domestic water supplies rely on it. The depletion of groundwater leads to drought. Topographic elevation, aquifer properties, and geomorphology influence groundwater quality. As the groundwater level data (GWL) are time series in nature, it is challenging to determine appropriate metrics and to evaluate groundwater levels accurately with less information loss. An effort has been made to forecast groundwater levels in India by developing a deep ensemble learning approach using a double-edge bi-directed long-short-term-memory (DEBi-LSTM) model approximated with a randomized low-ranked approximation algorithm (RLRA) and the variance inflation factor (VIF) to reduce information loss and to preserve data consistency. With minimal computation time, the model outperformed existing state-of-the-art models with 96.1% accuracy. To ensure sustainable groundwater development, the proposed work is discussed in terms of its managerial implications. By applying the model, we can identify safe, critical, and semi-critical groundwater levels in Indian states so that strategic plans can be developed.

Spatio-temporal suspended sediment fingerprinting under different land management practices

Understanding spatio-temporal suspended sediment dynamics is more important in large watersheds due to the decisive role of local source apportionment in sediment transport and yield. The Talar River with a large mountainous watershed in northern Iran, which plays a vital role in water supply for agriculture and drinking, recently has faced quality degradation. The current study explores the relative contribution of suspended sediment sources using geochemical tracers and fingerprinting techniques in high and low flow periods along this river. Soil samples were collected from four major land uses including rangeland, forest, rainfed agriculture, and irrigated agriculture, as well as riverbanks and riparian zones along the main river. Furthermore, suspended sediment was sampled at four sampling points along the main river in two seasons. Land use apportionment in suspended sediment yield was calculated using an unmixing model included in a newly developed package (FingerPro) in high flow and low flow, separately. The fingerprinting results showed a highly spatio-temporal dynamic for sediment source contribution along the main river in high and low flow periods. Natural land uses (forest and rangeland) in upstream reaches and agricultural land uses and riverbank sources in downstream reaches showed higher contributions to suspended sediment yield. The mean contribution of various land uses for both high and low flow periods indicated substantial contributions from forest (34%–41%) and riverbanks (31%–33%). The significant difference in sediment geochemical properties for the two flow seasons highlights the important role of the prevailing climatic-hydrologic condition on river sediment. Moreover, this issue indicates that sediment source contributions and transfer mechanisms are highly dynamic in Talar River watershed. The current study outcomes provide essential knowledge to create a robust strategy for mitigation of river sediment pollution.

Geochemical characteristics, mechanisms and suitability for sustainable municipal and agricultural water supply of confined groundwater in central North China Plain

Confined groundwater is a prior water resource for urban and rural water supply in arid and semiarid regions. A total of 53 groundwater samples were collected from a typical region of the Central North China Plain to get hydrogeochemical insights into the development and utilization prospects of confined groundwater in arid regions. The results show the confined groundwaters are with mainly fresh hydrochemical facies of HCO3-Na and mixed HCO3-Na·Ca. The toxic elements including F, I, Fe exceed the drinking water permissible limits and potentially pose non-carcinogenic risks to all populations. High Fluoride is mainly responsible for the potential health risk, and followed by high iodine. For irrigation, confined groundwater of the study area may cause potential sodium, magnesium hazard and permeability issues to soil in long-term agricultural practice. The hydrochemistry of confined groundwater is dominantly governed by natural water-rock interactions including evaporates dissolution, silicate weathering and ions exchange. The high fluoride and iodine originate from geogenic sources rather than anthropogenic inputs. This research suggests although confined groundwater has good quality regarding the salinity, the geogenic toxic substances may damage its quality for drinking. Anthropogenic influences on confined groundwater chemistry are limited, but should be concerned for sustainable development of confined groundwater.

Community Agricultural Reservoir Construction and Water Supply Network Design in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, Using Adjusted Variable Neighborhood Strategy Adaptive Search

Agricultural sectors all over the world are facing water deficiencies as a result of various factors. Countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) in particular depend on the production of agricultural products; thus, drought has become a critical problem in such countries. The average water level in the lower part of the Mekong River has been decreasing dramatically, resulting in the wider agricultural area of the Mekong watershed facing a lack of water for production. The construction of community reservoirs and associated water supply networks represents a strategy that can be used to address drought problems in the GMS. This study aims to solve the agricultural community reservoir establishment and water supply network design (CR–WSND) problem in Khong Chiam, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand—a city located in the Mekong Basin. The CR–WSND model is formulated using mixed-integer programming (MIP) in order to minimize the cost of reservoir construction and water irrigation. An adjusted variable neighborhood strategy adaptive search (A-VaNSAS) is applied to a real-world scenario involving 218 nodes, and its performance is compared with that of the original variable neighborhood strategy adaptive search (VaNSAS), differential evolution (DE), and genetic algorithm (GA) approaches. An improved box selection formula and newly designed improvement black boxes are added to enhance the quality beyond the original VaNSAS. The results reveal that the quality of the solution from A-VaNSAS is significantly better than those of GA, DE, and VaNSAS (by 6.27%, 9.70%, and 9.65%, respectively); thus, A-VaNSAS can be used to design a community reservoir and water supply network effectively.

Application of NSGA-II and fuzzy TOPSIS to time–cost–quality trade-off resource leveling for scheduling an agricultural water supply project

Application of NSGA-II and fuzzy TOPSIS to time–cost–quality trade-off resource leveling for scheduling an agricultural water supply project

Artificial intelligence models for prediction of monthly rainfall without climatic data for meteorological stations in Ethiopia

Global climate change is affecting water resources and other aspects of life in many countries. Rainfall is the most significant climate element affecting the livelihood and well-being of the majority of Ethiopians. Rainfall variability has a great impact on agricultural production, water supply, transportation, the environment, and urban planning. Because all agricultural activities and subsequent national crop production hinge on the amount and distribution of rainfall, accurate monthly and seasonal predictions of this rainfall are vital for agricultural planning. Rainfall prediction is also useful for governmental, non-governmental, and private agencies in making long-term decisions and planning in numerous areas such as farming, early warning of potential hazards, drought mitigation, disaster prevention, and insurance policy. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been widely used in almost every area, and rainfall prediction is one of them. In this study, we attempt to investigate the use of AI-based models to predict monthly rainfall at 92 Ethiopian meteorological stations. The applicability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models in predicting long-term monthly precipitation was investigated using geographical and periodicity component (longitude, latitude, and altitude) data collected from 2011 to 2021. The experimental results reveal that the ANFIS model outperforms the ANN model in all assessment criteria across all testing stations. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients were 0.995 for ANFIS and 0.935 for ANN over testing stations.

Development of agricultural water supply and sanitation using information technologies

The problem of digitalization of agricultural water supply and sanitation is considered. The processes of development of information technologies and the features of their implementation in the activities of construction participants and organizations providing water supply and sanitation in agriculture have been studied. An approach to the creation of an effective system for managing the life cycle of agricultural water supply and sanitation facilities using information technology is proposed. The implementation of the results of the study will help improve the quality of water supply and sanitation services in agriculture and provide conditions for the growth of agricultural production.

HYDRO-GEOCHEMICAL AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER FROM SEDIMENTARY FORMATION IN THE MIDDLE BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA

Nasarawa State in Nigeria, is host to several mineral deposits. The groundwater resources in the State plays an important role in the socio-economic life of the people in terms of domestic, industrial and agricultural water supply. The effect of climate change, on the surface and groundwater resources, couple with the anthropogenic and geogenic activities on the quality of the various groundwater sources remained uncertain. Two hundred (200) water samples were collected randomly from boreholes and hand-dug wells from five locations (20 each) in Nasarawa South: Keana, Obi, Lafia and Awe Local Government Areas of the State, referred to as Middle Benue trough. 100 samples were collected during peak of dry season and another 100 during peak of rainy season. Cations, anions and heavy metals were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); with aim of determining their concentrations in relation to suitability within the tolerance limit. The results revealed that heavy metals such as lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), Magnesium (Mg) and arsenic (As) have concentrations above World Health Organization (WHO 2017) and SON (2015) standards. The high concentrations are mostly associated with the Baryte and Lead-zinc mineralization present in Keana / Awgu formations in the Middle Benue Trough. Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and iron (Fe2+) have their concentrations within World Health Organization (WHO 2017) drinking water permissible limits. The cations and anions present in the groundwater in the study areas had varying levels in terms of physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. In some areas bacteriological contamination rendered water sources unfit for human consumption, but suitable for agricultural purposes. Therefore, regular monitoring of the water sources in the affected areas are highly recommended.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ МЕЛИОРАТИВНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ

Purpose: analysis of indicators of water resources (WR) use for withdrawal and losses in federal institutions of the reclamation industry. Materials and methods. Materials for analysis of water resources use indicators were provided according to a specially developed table 48 by federal state budgetary institutions “Department of Land Reclamation and Agricultural Water Supply” (FSBI). The data were analyzed in the context of federal districts (FD) and some FSBI. Results. It has been determined that, in general, in the Russian Federation in 2021, the volume of water withdrawal into water management systems (WMS) according to the FSBI amounted to 17.6 km³, the volume of losses was 4.4 km³ (25 % of the volume of water withdrawal). The main withdrawal and losses of WR (99 %) took place in three FD: North Caucasus, Southern and Volga FD. The North Caucasian FD is the leader in water withdrawal, its share in the total volume of water withdrawal is 62.5 %, or about 11 km³. Among the FSBI in terms of water withdrawal, the leading position is occupied by five FSBI: Kubanmeliovodkhoz, Department of the Ministry of Meliovodkhoz of the Republic of Dagestan, UEBSK, Stavropolmeliovodkhoz, Rostovmeliovodkhoz. In total, in 2021, they carried out the withdrawal of 12.3 km³ (70 % of the total volume of withdrawn WR). The largest volume of losses was noted in the North Caucasian FD – 2.5 km³. In the context of the FSBI, the largest losses occur at the Minmeliovodkhoz of the Republic of Dagestan and Kubanmeliovodkhoz, which amounted to 0.95 and 0.89 km³ in 2021, or 42 % of the total losses. Compared to 2020, there was an increase in losses by 12 and 41 %, respectively. According to FSBI, the largest share of losses from the volume of water withdrawal was noted in Astrakhanmeliovodkhoz and amounted to 35 %. Conclusions. To increase the efficiency of WR use, it is necessary to focus on the analysis of WMS operation in the North Caucasus and Southern FD, in particular, by the largest water users: FSBI “Minmeliovodkhoz of the Republic of Dagestan” and “Kubanmeliovodkhoz”, primarily with the aim of reducing losses when supplying WR to consumers.

Оценка антропогенной нагрузки на водные ресурсы и эффективности их использования: обзор методологических подходов

Anthropogenic pressure as a measure of quantitative measurement of human impacts on water resources is subject to evaluation in modern scientific research. The relevance of such a study is related to the quantitative limitation and qualitative transformation (pollution) of water bodies. There are two main methodological approaches - geographical and hydrological. The first one is characterized by taking into account to a greater extent indirect impacts on water bodies, the second one - direct and indirect (diffuse runoff). Types of impacts that make a significant contribution to the transfor-mation of natural water bodies (channel regulation, irrigated farming, flow diversions, industrial, municipal and agricultural water supply, drainage of marshes and wetlands, forest cutting and planting, urbanization, etc.) are described. The peculi-arities of use and reliability of the applied indicators in assessments of anthropogenic load are discussed. Available data and initial information for water use efficiency assessment are summarized.

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ВОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В МЕЛИОРАТИВНОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

Purpose: to determine the structure of the water resources use, withdrawn from water sources by federal state budgetary institutions of land reclamation and agricultural water supply, and the technical condition of reclamation facilities operated by them. Methods. The analyzed data for 2019–2021 were received from federal state budgetary institutions and processed by the employees of the Federal State Budget Scientific Establishment “RSRILIP”. The data were analyzed in the context of federal districts. Results. In the course of research, the main indicators of the structure of water resources use for reclamation purposes by state reclamation systems, as well as quantitative and qualitative characteristics of water management systems and waterworks (HS) were considered. An analysis of the distribution structure of water resources withdrawn from natural water bodies, as well as an analysis of the water resources distribution supplied for irrigation in 2021 was carried out in the context of federal districts. The dynamics of the technical condition of waterworks was determined on the results of the survey by the supervisory authorities. It has been found out that nowadays a significant proportion of waterworks (37 %) is characterized by a limited operating, inoperative and marginal (emergency) technical condition with a tendency to increase by 2021 compared to 2019. Conclusions. The current situation in the reclamation complex indicates a high depreciation of the reclamation waterworks HS fund, which is the cause of significant losses of water resources. To overcome the current situation, an increase in objective surveys is required to obtain conclusions on technical condition of all hydraulic structures using uniform evaluation criteria and instrumental methods based on quantitative and qualitative indicators, using unified forms of acts that would confirm these conclusions and minimize the impact of the human factor on conclusions on the reclamation facilities conditions.

Анализ возможности проектирования системы автоматического управления технологическим процессом водораспределения с использованием ПИД-регуляторов при управлении по верхнему бьефу в Донском магистральном канале

Purpose: to analyze the issues of development and application of an automatic control system for the technological process of water distribution in the Donskoy main channel (DMC) using proportional-integral differential PID controllers and a control scheme for the upstream. The urgency of this purpose is justified by the fact that effective management of water level in channel is of great importance for agricultural production and water supply to adjacent territories. The analysis of the main components of the control system, including PID controllers and the upstream control scheme is performed. The possibility of using these components for effective control and regulation of water level in the channel is considered. Materials and methods. A detailed analysis of the factors that must be taken into account when designing an automatic control system of water in a channel using PID controllers has been carried out. An algorithm for controlling water level in the upstream channel using PID controllers is proposed. Results. Measures for the water distribution management system development and implementation in the Donskoy main channel are proposed. It is stated that when designing a control system, the configuration of the channel and the measures to ensure a uniform distribution of water along its entire length should be taken into account, considering the unsteady water motion in the Donskoy main channel. The results of the analysis show that the automatic control system using PID controllers and the upstream control scheme has the potential to control the water level in the DMC effectively. Conclusions. Based on the analysis carried out, it was concluded that it is possible to design an automatic water control system in the DMC using PID controllers and a control scheme for the upstream successfully. Further research and development can contribute to the optimization of water distribution management and increase the efficiency of agricultural production in the region.