Agricultural Quarantine Research Articles

PROSEDUR LAYANAN KARANTINA HEWAN OLEH STASIUN KARANTINA PERTANIAN KELAS 1 AMBON PADA WILAYAH KERJA BANDARA PATTIMURA AMBON

Animal Quarantine Services are regulated in Law Number 21 of 2019 concerning Quarantine of Animals, Fish, and Plants. This law aims to prevent the entry of new pests, diseases, and nuisance organisms into Indonesia's territory, as well as prevent their spread from one area to another. Animal quarantine service procedures at the Ambon Class 1 Agricultural Quarantine Station in the Pattimura Ambon airport work area implement 8 quarantine measures namely: Examination, Isolation, Observation, Treatment, Detention, Rejection, Destruction, and Release. The eight quarantine measures are intended for all animals, Materials of Animal Origin (BAH) and Products of Animal Origin (HBAH), and other objects brought from outside and within the work area of Pattimura Airport. and some of the documents that must be completed during the inspection of incoming and outgoing domestic goods. The conclusion drawn from this activity is that the animal quarantine service procedure at the Class 1 Agricultural Quarantine Station Ambon Pattimura Airport work area has been carried out in accordance with the 8th quarantine measures and No problems were found on any carrier media.

Optimal sampling strategy for probability estimation: An application to the Agricultural Quarantine Inspection Monitoring program.

Imported agricultural pests can cause substantial damage to agriculture, food security, and ecosystems. In the United States, the Agricultural Quarantine Inspection Monitoring (AQIM) program conducts random sampling to estimate the probabilities that cargo and passengers arriving at ports of entry carry pests. Assessing these risks accurately is critical to enable effective policies and operational procedures. This study introduces a pathway-level analysis with an objective function aligned with AQIM's goal, offering a new perspective compared to the current container-by-container approach, which relies on heuristics to set inspection rates. We formulate an optimization model that minimizes the mean squared error of the probability estimates that AQIM obtains. The central decision-making tradeoff that the model explores is whether it is preferable to sample more arriving containers (and fewer boxes per container) or more boxes per container (and fewer containers), given limited resources. We first derive an analytical solution for the optimal sampling strategy by leveraging several approximations. Then, we apply our model to a numerical case study of maritime cargo sampling at the Port of Long Beach. Across a wide range of parameter settings, the optimal strategy samples more containers (but fewer boxes per container) than the current AQIM protocol. The difference between the two strategies and the accuracy improvement with the optimal approach are larger if the pest statuses of boxes in the same container are more strongly correlated. We recommend that AQIM record box-level (beyond only container-level) inspection data, which could be used to estimate this correlation and other modelparameters.

Analysis of Swallow Nest Nitrite Levels and Export Volume Projections: A Statistical Approach to Quality Improvement and Global Market Development

The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is impacting public health and living systems. Edible Bird's Nest (EBN), one of the variants of Swallow's Nest (SBW), is recognized as a medicinal food. The potential of SBW as a therapeutic agent is gaining attention due to its ability to inhibit viral hemagglutination activity. This study provides information on the prediction of SBW demand in the coming year so that it can contribute to determining Indonesia's SBW export performance. Net weight data (tons) of SBW export time series were obtained for 10 years from 2012 to 2022 in 10 countries, namely: Hong Kong, China, Singapore, USA, Vietnam, Canada, Taiwan, Thailand, Japan, and Cambodia, combined with laboratory examination on nitrite levels conducted at the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center, Indonesia. This study shows the minimum limit on nitrite levels in SBW exports and the need for SBW exports in the next four years. One of the requirements for SBW exports is the minimum limit of nitrite levels. The ARIMA method has been implemented to forecast SBW export demand in 10 countries for the next four years. SBW export demand in the next four years is expected to decline. The findings make a significant contribution as a source of information for decision-makers involved in SBW export activities.

“A Coquettish, Hitchhiking Bug”: The Rise and Fall of Pestina, Symbol of Invasive Pests and Agricultural Quarantine

“A Coquettish, Hitchhiking Bug”: The Rise and Fall of Pestina, Symbol of Invasive Pests and Agricultural Quarantine

Ecological disparities of swiftlets in coastal areas and cities and management of swiftlet nests in supporting export activities. Case Study: Bangka-Belitung Province, Indonesia

Swiftlet’s nests have become a part of Indonesia’s superior export commodity. Indonesia is the largest swiftlet nest-producing and exporting country in the world, contributing 85% of the global demand. Bangka Belitung Province region produces good quality swiftlet nests. This research was used to analyze various factors driving the disparities in production and quality of swiftlet nests between coastal and city areas and to alayze the management of swiftlet nests in supporting export activities. This research is a case study in Bangka Belitung Province. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method and a comparative case study. The results showed that the factors causing disparities in nest production and yields between coastal and urban areas were geographical location, agro-climate, building feasibility, building structure, food vegetation, and swiftlet-calling techniques. Export management is carried out by fulfilling export requirements, grading, back-up marketing, waste management, and drawing up regional regulations. Therefore, a synergy is needed between the central government, local governments, breeders, the Agricultural Quarantine Center, and exporting companies to monitor and maintain the quality and quantity of swiftlet nests so that they become a source of regional income for the Bangka Belitung Province and national income.

A time series analysis of monthly issuance of plant import permits in Nigeria

An import permit is issued by the National Plant Protection Organization of each country, known in Nigeria as the Nigeria Agricultural Quarantine Service (NAQS), to allow the importation of pest-free plants and prevent the introduction of quarantine pests or check the entry of regulated non-quarantine pests of imported plant commodities. Issuance of import permits at the Post-Entry Quarantine, Surveillance and Diagnostic Station (PEQDS), Ibadan is mostly for germplasm materials mainly used for cultivation, which poses a high risk of pest introduction. Thus, this study investigated the statistical components of the issuance of import permits at the PEQDS using the Time Series approach to determine the peak period of collection essential for planning phytosanitary activities to mitigate the introduction of foreign pests. The dataset of the monthly issuance of import permits from January 2012 to July 2022 was analysed. From the preliminary study, we observed that the series exhibit seasonal and stationary components with no definite trend pattern, hence we modelled the series using a Seasonal Autoregressive Moving Average (SARIMA) model. Several models were estimated and the best model (SAR(12)) for forecasting the future import permit collectionwas selected based on the forecast accuracy measures. The forecasted values indicated the highest issuance of import permits in May and September, each year and showed a fluctuating movement over time in the future. To further prevent pest incursion and facilitate trade, NAQS needs to operate round-the-clock surveillance, keep its staff on high alert and adequate facilities operational for more effective activities. Other factors responsible for low and fluctuating issuance of import permits should also be investigated.

The Effect of The Determination of Plant Quarantine Installations and Inline Inspections On The Acceleration of Agricultural Commodity Exports In The Working Area of The Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center

This research aims to determine the impact of establishing plant quarantine facilities and inline inspection on export acceleration at the Surabaya Plant Quarantine Center. The study employs a quantitative approach and collects data from agricultural export companies operating in regions that implement plant quarantine measures and inline inspection. The analysis method used in this research is the Kruskal-Wallis test to evaluate the relationship between the establishment of plant quarantine facilities and inline inspection and export acceleration. The results of the analysis indicate a significant influence of establishing plant quarantine facilities and inline inspection on export acceleration. Export companies registered with effective Plant Quarantine Facilities and inline inspection demonstrate an improvement in their ability to meet plant quarantine requirements and enhance efficiency in inline inspections. This positively impacts the export process, including reducing delays and increasing the confidence of international trading partners. This research provides a better understanding of the role of plant quarantine facilities and inline inspection in driving ean xport acceleration in the agricultural sector. The practical implications of this study emphasize the importance of enhancing plant quarantine infrastructure and implementing effective inline inspection systems to promote agricultural export growth. Moving forward, efforts should be made to improve coordination among relevant agencies in the implementation and supervision of plant quarantine and inline inspection regulations to achieve optimal outcomes in enhancing the export performance of the agricultural sector.

Export Improvement Strategy in West Nusa Tenggara: Policy Stakeholder Perspective

The purpose of this study is to examine export policies in West Nusa Tenggara Province from the standpoint of each stakeholder. The authors conducted extensive interviews with respondents using a qualitative approach. Bank Indonesia representatives from West Nusa Tenggara, Mataram Fish and Agriculture Quarantine Center, Bappeda NTB, and Mataram Customs and Excise were among those who participated in this study. Furthermore, the author employs a literature review approach to investigate the role of the central government in regulating export policy in greater depth. They have all taken steps to improve export services, it can be concluded. Each party's actions range from policy development to training, guidance, and assistance in improving services. Furthermore, all stakeholders play an important role in assisting export-based business actors from the pre-production stage to the end of post-production.

Customer Satisfaction And Electronic Service Quality On Online Quarantine Check Applications

This Study Aims To Measure The Model Of Increasing Customer Satisfaction Through Electronic Service Quality And Influenced By Customer Trust. Data Collected From 100 Users Of Plant Quarantine Services At The Plant Quarantine Center Class 1 Semarang Achmad Yani Airport Working Area Semarang Were Processed Using The Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (Sem-Pls) Modeling Technique. The Results Showed That Electronic Service Quality Positively And Significantly Influenced Customer Trust Of Plant Quarantine Service Users At The Plant Quarantine Center Class 1 Semarang Achmad Yani Airport Working Area Semarang. Customer Trust And Electronic Service Quality Variables Have A Significant Positive Effect On Customer Satisfaction. This Research Contributes To Helping The Plant Quarantine Center Class 1 Semarang Achmad Yani Airport Working Area At Home And Abroad By Providing Appropriate Strategies To Understand The Customer Satisfaction Of Plant Quarantine Service Users Of The Plant Quarantine Center Class 1 Semarang Achmad Yani Airport Working Area. This Strategy Is Then Expected To Boost The Increase In Customer Satisfaction Of Plant Quarantine Services At The Agricultural Quarantine Center Class 1 Semarang Achmad Yani Airport Working Area Semarang. The Novelty Of This Research Lies In The Fact That It Is The First To Empirically Use The Electronic Service Quality Model Through The Online Quarantine Inspection Request By Integrating Customer Trust To Analyze The Customer Satisfaction Of The Plant Quarantine Service Of The Agricultural Quarantine Center Class 1 Semarang Achmad Yani Airport Working Area.

Two heat shock cognate 70 genes involved in spermatogenesis regulate the male fertility of Zeugodacus cucurbitae, as potential targets for pest control

The melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an agricultural quarantine pest threatening fruit and vegetable production. Heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70), which is a homolog of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), was first discovered in mice testes and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. In this study, we identified and cloned five Hsc70 genes from melon fly, namely ZcHsc70_1/2/3/4/5. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these proteins are closely related to Hsc70s from other Diptera insects. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that ZcHsc70_1 and ZcHsc70_2 are highly expressed in Z. cucurbitae testes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization further demonstrated that ZcHsc70_1 and ZcHsc70_2 are expressed in the transformation and maturation regions of testes, respectively. Moreover, RNA interference-based suppression of ZcHsc70_1 or ZcHsc70_2 resulted in a significant decrease of 74.61% and 63.28% in egg hatchability, respectively. Suppression of ZcHsc70_1 expression delayed the transformation of sperm cells to mature sperms. Meanwhile, suppression of ZcHsc70_2 expression decreased both sperm cells and mature sperms by inhibiting the meiosis of spermatocytes. Our findings show that ZcHsc70_1/2 regulates spermatogenesis and further affects the male fertility in the melon fly, showing potential as targets for pest control in sterile insect technique by genetic manipulation of males.

Acceptance of The SAKTI Financial Management Government Application Systems in Indonesia Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model

This study aims to test and measure the factors that can increase the acceptance of SAKTI at the North Sumatra Agricultural Quarantine Center based on the UTAUT framework. The findings processed 35 respondent data from the survey method and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) with path coefficient. The results showed that social influence and facilitating condition variables strongly influence the acceptance of SAKTI. The existence of adequate computers, internet networks, and government obligations has resulted in SAKTI being increasingly accepted by work units in managing finances. Improving the quality of tools that support the use of SAKTI and the influence of related agencies can be a solution for the government to increase the acceptance of SAKTI.

Juridical Analysis of the Application of Criminal Sanctions for Violations of the Importation and Export of Plants (Research Study of the Batam Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center)

Positive legal norms related to Animals, Fish, and Plants are required to provide legal certainty in preventing the entry, exit, and spread of quarantine plant pests. One way to safeguard quarantine measures is by imposing sanctions on offenders in the field of quarantine. The application of sanctions for violations of Law Number 21 of 2019 includes both administrative and criminal penalties. The issues in this study revolve around the legal regulation of the import and export of plants, the application of criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants at the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center in Batam, and the obstacles or challenges to imposing criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants, along with their solutions at the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center in Batam. This research aims to understand and analyze the legal regulation of the import and export of plants, to comprehend and analyze the application of criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants at the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center in Batam, and to identify the factors hindering the imposition of criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants, as well as to analyze their solutions at the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center in Batam. This study employs normative legal research using literature as the primary source material for analysis. The research results indicate that the application of criminal sanctions for violations of the import and export of plants in Batam is often not in accordance with the regulations stipulated in Law Number 21 of 2019.

Detection of the presence of bacteria causing grain rot disease (Burkholderia glumae) in some rice seed producers in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

One of the constraints in rice production is grain rot disease caused by Burkholderia glumae, which can be carried by seeds grain. An observation to determine the presence of B. glumae in different grain yield classes of seeds was conducted by taking samples derived from several seed producers in South Sulawesi. This research was carried out by first taking seed samples at the South Sulawesi Agricultural Technology Study Center (BPTP), Tungro Research Workshop, South Sulawesi Main Seed Center (Balai Benih Induk), PT. Sang Hyang Seri, PT. Pertani and PT. Harmoni were then tested at the Agricultural Quarantine Laboratory of Makassar. Based on the observations, it was concluded that all samples in the sowing seed class tested positive for B. glumae, supported by an average percentage of disease incidence of 25.13%, namely foundation seeds from the Balai Benih Induk, as well as foundation seeds and stock seeds from AIAT.

Identification and Percentage of Disease Pathogen Attacks on Primary Palm Oil Crops

The aim of this research is to identify and determine the percentage of diseases caused by fungi in oil palm seedlings. The purposive sampling method and the objects observed were fungi that cause disease in oil palm seedlings microscopically at the Jambi Class 1 Agricultural Quarantine Laboratory. The results of the research found that Curvularia sp disease had a percentage of attacks in nursery one (f?) of 25%, while the intensity of attacks in nursery one (f?) was 5%, in nursery two (f?) the percentage of attacks was 25% while the intensity of attacks in nursery two (f?) 6%, and in the third nursery (f?) the attack percentage was 10%, while the attack intensity in the third nursery (f?) was 2%. The percentage of attacks by Pestalotiopsis sp in nursery one (f?) is 20%, while the intensity of attacks in nursery one (f?) is 4%, in nursery two (f?) the percentage of attacks is 5%, while the intensity of attacks in nursery two (f?) is 1%, and in nursery three (f?) attack percentage was 20% while the attack intensity in the three (f?) nursery was 4%. From this research, it was concluded that two diseases were found in oil palm seedlings, namely Curvularia sp leaf spot and Pestalotiopsis sp leaf spot.

Juridical analysis of entry and exit points for animal and plant quarantine carrier media

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the legal arrangements for the place of entry and release of animal and plant quarantine carrier media, and the factors, constraints, solutions, and implementation of the place of entry and release of animal and plant quarantine carrier media.
 Methodology: The research method of this thesis is normative juridical (legal research) through a literature study with an empirical juridical approach (sociological juridical) through field studies aimed at empirically obtaining legal knowledge.
 Results: The results showed that the legal regulation of the place of entry and release of animal and plant quarantine carrier media is Article 86 and Article 87 of Law Number 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish and Plant Quarantine, which regulates the prohibition of entering or removing animal and plant quarantine carrier media other than the place of entry and release determined by the Central Government. The implementation of animal and plant quarantine entry and exit points at the Batam Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center reflects serious efforts to maintain the integrity of the national biological security. However, there are obstacles, such as limited human resources, inadequate facilities, and challenges in inter-stakeholder coordination. However, by applying the latest technology, increasing the capacity of human resources through training, and improving coordination and communication with related parties, the Batam Quarantine Center found a strategic solution to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its services in carrying out quarantine duties.

Effect of Transactional Leadership, Organizational Culture, Work Commitment, and Compensation on Agricultural Quarantine Employee Satisfaction in the South Sulawesi Region

The purpose of this research is to analyze effect of transactional leadership, organizational culture, work commitment, and compensation on agricultural quarantine employee satisfaction in the South Sulawesi Region. This research is exploratory research. In terms of its purpose, it is a causal study that seeks to explain the causal relationship of influence. Population in this study are agricultural quarantine employee in the South Sulawesi Region who are taken purposively by determining two regions, namely Makassar City and Parepare City. The Makassar City agricultural quarantine center has 157 employees and the Parepare City agricultural quarantine center has 36 employees. So the total population is 193 employees. The sampling technique uses the full sampling method or census method. So the sample size in this study is 193 respondents. The analysis to answer this hypothesis uses inferential analysis. The research results show that transactional leadership has a positive and significant effect on agricultural quarantine employee satisfaction in the South Sulawesi Region. Organizational culture has a negative and significant effect on agricultural quarantine employee satisfaction in the South Sulawesi Region. Work commitment has a positive and significant effect on agricultural quarantine employee satisfaction in the South Sulawesi Region. Compensation has a positive and significant effect on agricultural quarantine employee satisfaction in the South Sulawesi Region. Keywords: Transactional Leadership, Organizational Culture, Work Commitment, Compensation, Employee Satisfaction

ANALISIS AKUNTANSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PADA BALAI KARANTINA PERTANIAN KELAS I PALEMBANG

The implementation of good governance was a manifestation of appreciation for the objectives of public sector organizational mechanisms in order to fulfill the desires of the community to achieve the goals and ideals of the nation. This understanding required the development and implementation of an accountability system that was appropriate, clear, measurable and valid so that the implementation of organizational activities can be carried out effectively, efficiently, free from Corruption and Corruption and can be accounted for. One of the benefits of public sector accountability was as a basis for budgeting. The budget preparation process was essentially the process of defining roles in achieving the goals and implementation of the budget to be achieved. The aim of this research was to analyze accountability accounting at the Palembang Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center. The method that researchers used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The research resulted show that: 1) the organizational structure had been running well and has carried out its respective main tasks and functions; 2) Performance assessment had been carried out properly through the e-performance application; 3) Budget preparation had been carried out and involves each responsible unit. 4) Not yet implementing the classification of responsible costs in the form of controllable and uncontrollable costs; and 5) Accountability reports had been reported to the leadership periodically.

SEROPOSITIVE BRUCELLOSIS IN BEEF CATTLE IN THE FIRST SEMESTER AT PANTOLOAN ANIMAL INSTALLATION

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and classified as a zoonotic disease. Brucellosis is usually asymptomatic in infected female animals, but it can cause placentitis, which leads to abortion in the fifth to ninth months of pregnancy in pregnant animals. Brucella infection is lifelong in animals, and Brucella bacteria can be found in the blood, urine, milk, and sperm. To prevent the spread of brucellosis in beef cattle that will be trafficked through the Pantoloan animal quarantine installation. From January to June, blood serum of male beef cattle was collected at the Pantoloan Animal Quarantine Installation, Palu Agricultural Quarantine. The Rose Bengal Test method was used on up to 7.046 serum samples. In the first semester of 2018, the positive incidence of blood serum testing for beef cattle using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) method at ten beef cattle traffic frequencies revealed seropositive brucellosis in 38 out of 7,046 samples tested. Beef cattle were sourced from the Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo, and South Sulawesi provinces. Blood serum samples from Central Sulawesi showed the highest positive incidence. Based on the prevalence of seropositive brucellosis based on RBT in beef cattle transported through the Pantoloan animal quarantine installation, several cattle breeding areas should be monitored during subsequent traffic, and public awareness should be raised to prevent the spread of brucellosis.

Juridical Analysis Of The Authority Of Quarantine Officers In Handling Illegal Importation Of Caws On Batam Island

Quarantine is a system of preventing the entry, exit, and spread of quarantined animal pests and diseases, as well as supervision and control of food safety and food quality, feed safety and feed quality, Genetic Engineering products, Genetic Resources, Biological Agents, Invasive Foreign Species, Wild Plants and Animals, and Rare Animals that are introduced into, spread from one area to another area, and removed from the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. To maintain, protect, and improve the quality of animal/livestock resources, animal/livestock health, animal welfare, and the provision of safe, healthy, whole, and halal (ASUH) food of animal origin, as well as maintaining peace or eliminating/preventing public unrest, it is necessary to provide guidance, regulation, control, and supervision of livestock businesses and animal health services. To create a conducive business climate and legal certainty in animal husbandry and animal health, it is necessary to regulate the mechanisms and procedures for licensing livestock and animal health businesses in the regions. The problem faced by the Batam Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center is caused by cows entering Batam Island that do not have an entry permit and are not by Law Number 21 of 2019, which states that every entry or release must be carried out through a designated Place of Entry and Place of Expenditure.

The Effect of Relationship-Oriented Leadership Behavior,Promotion of Position and Work Environment on the Performance of Civil Servants at the Agricultural Quarantine Center in Surabaya

Objectives – This study aims to describe and analyze the influence of relationship-oriented leadership, promotion, and work environment on the performance of civil servants at the Agricultural Quarantine Center in Surabaya.Design/Methodology/Approach – The type of research used is explanatory research. The number of samples in this study was 100 employees of the Surabaya Agricultural Quarantine Center. The data analysis used is the analysis of the outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing using SmartPLS 4.0.Findings - Research results show that; relationship-oriented leadership behavior has a significant effect on employee performance; promotion has a partially significant and positive effect on employee performance; the work environment has a partial effect on employee performance; and relationship-oriented leadership behavior, promotion, and work environment have a positive and significant effect simultaneously on employee performance.leadership