Trade In Agricultural Products Research Articles

The EU’s new anti-deforestation law has severe loopholes that could be exploited by the forthcoming EU-MERCOSUR trade agreement

Abstract The EU deforestation regulation promises global green leadership, however, loopholes may lead to an increase in the trade of deforestation-implicit agricultural products. Ratification of the EU-MERCOSUR free trade agreement could exploit this situation.

Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sustainability of International Trade in Agricultural Products in the Context of Crisis Management: An Assessment of the Agricultural Product Exporting Sectors in Antalya, Türkiye

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sustainability of international trade in agricultural products through semi-structured, in-depth interviews, focusing on businesses engaged in agricultural product exports in Antalya within the context of crisis management. While Türkiye ranks tenth in the world and first in Europe in terms of agricultural output, Antalya, one of Türkiye’s most economically significant cities, is among the top contributors to Türkiye’s economy in terms of foreign exchange earnings from agricultural product exports. According to the findings of the study, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the importance placed on the sustainability of agricultural product export activities. Türkiye’s prioritization of agricultural production and export has allowed the agricultural sector to positively differentiate itself from other sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic, turning the crisis into an opportunity. On the other hand, disruptions in global supply chains and increases in logistics and transportation costs due to the pandemic have led to various challenges to the sustainability of sector activities. Moreover, the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as increases in global and national inflation rates and particularly rising fuel and product prices, have resulted in sustainability problems in the agricultural product export sector’s activities today. To ensure the sustainability of activities in the post-pandemic period, effective crisis management strategies and planning are needed. However, according to the study’s results, the issue of crisis management in the agricultural product export sector has not received sufficient attention. To raise awareness about crisis management and ensure productivity, competitive advantage, and sustainability, increasing government support, establishing sectoral cooperation for joint action, and fostering collaboration between the private sector, public sector, and universities could be beneficial.

A Study of Factors Influencing China's Agricultural Exports to Japan

As a key focus of trade negotiations between China and Japan, trade in agricultural products has received special attention to the tariffs and preferential conditions involved. According to data provided by China Customs, China's agricultural exports to Japan fell after peaking in 2012 and fell further to 9.64 billion yuan in 2020. This paper selects the 2000-2021 china export agricultural products trade data from the Department of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Commerce to Analyze the trade status of Japan, and finds that the scale of trade shows an expanding trend, and there are fluctuations in some years. Establish a business gravity model, study the effectiveness and potential of developing China's agricultural export trade with Japan, and analyze various factors affecting the effectiveness of agricultural export trade, and the results show that there is room for progress in China's agricultural export trade with Japan, and the scale of trade can be further expanded. Finally, it proposes to further improve the export efficiency of agricultural products, stabilize the exchange rate, improve import and export policy control and further broaden the foreign trade market, optimize the trade structure and promote the quality of agricultural products.

Estimation of the virtual water trade of agricultural products between Vietnam and China

Estimation of the virtual water trade of agricultural products between Vietnam and China

Economic sanctions and agricultural trade

AbstractEconomic sanctions are more popular than ever. But do they affect agricultural trade? Combining two new datasets and capitalizing on the latest developments in the empirical structural gravity literature, we investigate the effects of sanctions on international trade of agricultural products. We find that trade sanctions impede agricultural trade, whereas other sanctions do not show any significant impact. Complete trade sanctions have led to about a 67% decrease in the agricultural trade between the sanctioned and sanctioning countries, or a corresponding tariff equivalent of 25%, and we also obtain significant estimates for partial sanctions. At the industry level, we find substantial heterogeneity depending on the sanctioning and sanctioned countries, the type of sanctions used, and the direction of trade flows. The 2014 sanctions on Russia substantially decreased Russia's agricultural trade, mainly due to reduced trade with the EU but also due to reduced trade with other countries. Although no definitive evidence exists that sanctions alter the actions of governments of receiving countries, this paper provides broad evidence that sanctions hamper agrifood trade and hurt producers, consumers, and real output.

Feasibility Research on Mutual Recognition of Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products between China and Russia

While China and Russia are both major agricultural producers, their influence on the global agricultural industry still lags significantly behind EU countries. Considering the recent China-EU Agreement on Geographical Indications (CEAGI) and the rapid current growth of China-Russia trade, it becomes crucial for China and Russia to discuss the mutual recognition of geographical indications (GIs) for agricultural products. The potential for cooperation in this area consists in promoting import and export trade of agricultural products between China and Russia, thus enhancing the competitiveness of these products in the international market. However, challenges in the mutual recognition of GIs arise due to imbalances in the trade of agricultural products, as well as differences in trading systems and current legislation on geographical indications. A feasible package arrangement could involve mutual recognition of some GIs for agricultural products based on existing Chinese and Russia multilateral trading systems.

乡村振兴战略下农产品跨境电商赋能乡村特色产业的研究

China is an agriculture-based country with vast rural areas, a wealth of agricultural products, and a large market. Cross-border e-commerce offers support for the export of agricultural products, which can break through the limitations of time and space, shorten the trade process of agricultural products, enhance the export efficiency of agricultural products, stabilize agricultural product trade, and promote the transformation and upgrading of China’s e-commerce. It also aids in the construction of a long-term mechanism for e-commerce poverty alleviation and agricultural revitalization. However, research has found that despite the rapid development of China’s crossborder e-commerce for agricultural products, there are still some issues, such as non-uniform quality standards for export agricultural products, information asymmetry, an inadequate cross-national logistics system and level of logistics technology, low levels of after-sales service, and a lack of corresponding professional and technical personnel. To address these issues, this article first introduces the current situation of China’s agricultural product export via cross-border e-commerce, then analyzes the development opportunities, and finally proposes the following solutions: aligning with international standards by establishing strict quality control mechanisms; creating a favorable policy environment, including policy support, resource allocation, and organizational guarantees; continuously improving product quality; focusing on the training of professional talent; and strengthening quality supervision and risk prevention. The aim is to promote the development of cross-border ecommerce for agricultural products, empower rural specialty industries, and support the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

Study on Measurement and Influencing Factors of Trade Embodied Carbon-Based on China-Russia Agricultural Products Trade

Study on Measurement and Influencing Factors of Trade Embodied Carbon-Based on China-Russia Agricultural Products Trade

Implikasi Agreement on Agriculture (Aoa/Wto) Terhadap Pengaturan Perdagangan Produk Pertanian Indonesia

The aim of this scientific writing is to find out the legal implications of the AoA/WTO for trade in the Indonesian agricultural sector, as well as to find out how Indonesia provides legal protection for trade in agricultural products due to the liberalization of world trade. This scientific research uses normative juridical research methods, and the data collected will be analyzed juridically qualitatively, then the results of this research will be described descriptively analytically. From the research results, the author obtained data that to implement the AoA/WTO provisions, Indonesia updated its legal provisions in the agricultural sector through several national provisions. However, this implementation has implications that have a negative impact on farmers, as a result trade in the Indonesian agricultural sector decreases, such as imports of food products increasing, farmers' income decreasing, there are no subsidies for farmers, food insecurity and hunger, Bulog becomes a company, and etc. To anticipate the negative impact of trade liberalization on the agricultural sector, the Indonesian government has made such efforts, such as enacting Law No. 29 of 2000, concerning the protection of plant varieties, Presidential Decree No. 77 of 2005, concerning the procurement and distribution of subsidized fertilizers, at the beginning of September 2007, The Decree of the Coordinating Minister for the Economy gave full authority to Bulog, in May 2007, the government issued a Draft Government Regulation (RPP) concerning the National Agrarian Reform Program (PPAN) / Landreform, and at the international level, Indonesia created the SP (Special Product) and SSM (Special Product) programs. Safeguard Mechanism) which is still being fought for in the WTO forum to get its ratification.

Enhancing agricultural product trade efficiency through machine learning predictions and multi-objective optimization of financial strategies

In the context of global economic development and food safety, agricultural trade plays a vital role in linking agricultural production with market demand, and the efficient formulation of agricultural financial strategies is crucial for enhancing trade efficiency. This study employs advanced machine learning technologies to predict and optimize the efficiency of agricultural trade while seeking to balance the interests of various stakeholders in agricultural finance. By integrating quantile factor models, long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and attention mechanisms, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis and precise prediction of the key factors affecting trade efficiency. This approach effectively addresses the nonlinearity and long-term dependency issues in time-series data, utilizing attention mechanisms to highlight critical information and improve prediction accuracy. Furthermore, this research establishes a multi-objective optimization model to balance the interests of agricultural finance participants, providing a new quantitative tool for formulating agricultural financial strategies aimed at optimizing decisions to enhance economic and social value. This paper offers new perspectives, methods, and empirical support for improving the efficiency of agricultural trade and the formulation of agricultural financial strategies.

The Agro-Industrial Complex of the China and the Position of the State in the World Market

The PRC is integrated into various economic communities, which allows it to play a significant role in the world market in the production of not only industrial products, but also agricultural ones. The purpose of this article is to analyze the export-import policy and dynamics of mutual trade in agricultural products between the EAEU and China, as well as the capitalization structure of Chinese agro-industrial companies. The article examines the legal basis of the export-import agricultural policy of the PRC, analyzes the dynamics of export-import of agricultural products between the EAEU and China, presents the distribution of Chinese agro-industrial companies by type of business and the distribution of capital of Chinese agro-industrial companies. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis of the studied material based on statistical data from the OECD, the World Bank, the IMF, the UN FAO, FAPRI, as well as the ministries specialized in agriculture of the PRC and the Russian Federation from 2015 to 2022. According to the forecast for 2023, India, China, Africa and a number of Central Asian countries will experience a decrease in world prices for agricultural products. The main conclusion is that China will remain self-sufficient in major crops, although production growth will slow in the coming years

The evolution of Ukraine-China trade relations in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian War

Following the Russian war, Ukraine's need for allies has grown. This study assesses Ukraine-China trade within the wider context of international relations and analyzes entrepreneurship development in Ukraine, considering current geopolitical factors. Given the growing role of China in the global economy, the formation of relations with the country is also becoming one of the main components of the country’s international policy, which makes research on this component relevant. The research aims to assess the trends in trade between Ukraine and China, as well as to conclude on the existing trends in this component. The main methods used in the study were analysis, abstraction, and forecasting. The study assessed and described the specifics of international trade between China and Ukraine. The study provides statistics on trade relations between the two countries and describes the volume of international trade and the trends and changes associated with the war between Ukraine and Russia. Particular attention is paid to trade in agricultural products and the impact of trends in this sector on the development of entrepreneurship. In addition, the paper describes the potential benefits of future cooperation between Ukraine and China and the difficulties that may arise in the development of relations between the two countries. Based on the analysed information, the paper provides advice for the formation of Ukraine’s state policy in general, and in particular, for ensuring the quality development of enterprises.

Is the proliferation of private standards acting as a non-tariff trade barrier in agrifood trade? Evidence from Chilean grape exports

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the impacts that the recent proliferation of private and overlapping standards is having in the trade of agricultural products from developing countries.Design/methodology/approachIn a first stage industry experts in the Chilean fresh fruit trading industry were interviewed to understand the perceived impact that private standards are imposing in the industry. These interviews allowed to identify the market case study, table grapes, the landscape of private standards and their prevalence in different countries. In a second stage, a gravity trade model for trade in table grapes was estimated, with a focus on the more stringent countries identified by experts in the first stage.FindingsWe show evidence that the proliferation of private standards required by large European retailers has diverted trade away from more stringent countries that require more certifications (and into less stringent European markets). We also show that the costs of these additional certifications have been shared by trading partners, via an increase in direct sales, as opposed to consignment (the traditional marketing mode), which is associated with higher prices.Research limitations/implicationsThe impacts of the recent proliferation of private and overlapping standards in international trade needs to be better understood both by the legal and economic literature. While the use of private standards has been growing since the 1990s, there is a recent trend of large European retailers imposing their own and overlapping standards that needs to be better understood to inform policy.Originality/valueWhile there is a thin literature on the impact of private standards on trade, most of this has studied the effects of the now de facto mandatory GlobalGAP certification. However, there is a recent trend by large European retailers of demanding their own private certifications, together with other already existing overlapping private standards. This study describes and analyzes the impacts of this rather new trend.

РАЗВИТИЕ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ В СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ В ПОСТКОВИДНЫЙ ПЕРИОД И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЭКОНОМИКУ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

The coronavirus pandemic continues to pose serious challenges to agricultural production since 2020. Restrictions on trade in agricultural products affect marketing opportunities and the availability of operational resources. Seasonal labor is becoming scarce, and new consumption patterns and hygiene requirements pose new challenges for the industry. Restrictions imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic have led to an unprecedented market situation. In this work, to study the digital divide between rural and urban areas, the profile indicators of rural residents of the Russian Federation who did not have access to the Internet in 2019-2021 were analyzed. The research substantiated the service components of the digital potential of rural areas, which together will allow the development of information and communication technologies in rural areas and agricultural organizations, the skills of people who are participants in the digital transformation of processes in all spheres of rural life. Such service components include: 1) information and communication technologies and infrastructure; 2) digital management of business processes in an agricultural organization; 3) electronic digital business; 4) digital competence and literacy of rural residents and employees of agricultural organizations to assess the possibility of digital interaction with each other. A detailed analysis of trends in the digital gap in the use of the Internet through the construction of logit models made it possible to confirm the results obtained that in the absence of completed secondary education and work, the risk of a rural resident becoming one of those who do not use the Internet, that is, being in “digital isolation”, increases, and more significantly compared to other characteristics considered.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Aliran Perdagangan Produk Pertanian Antar Negara ASEAN

The agricultural sector has an important role for national economic development, especially countries in the ASEAN region with a climate that is very suitable for agricultural activities. Trade in agricultural products between ASEAN countries in terms of exports has gradually increased, but exports out of the region are very large. The lower export ratio in the ASEAN region can be due to ASEAN's highly competitive agricultural products, but this cannot increase the import ratio between countries. This condition explains that the utilization of opportunities in trade activities in the ASEAN region has not been optimal. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors that influence the flow of trade in agricultural products between ASEAN countries. The data used by researchers are secondary data in the agricultural sector for the period 2013 to 2022 with variables of GDP of each country in ASEAN, GDP per capita, population, economic distance, and exchange rate. The data is processed with a gravity model approach. The results showed that the independent variables that had a positive and significant effect were the population of the country of origin, population of the partner country, GDP per capita of the country of origin and GDP per capita of the partner country, while economic distance had a negative influence on the model of trade flow of agricultural products between ASEAN countries. To support the flow of trade in agricultural products, it is necessary to rigid port infrastructure development in each country in the ASEAN region by increasing port capacity, port development, and facilities and infrastructure that support the efficiency of the export process and import of agricultural products. Improving the quality of agricultural products needs to be done to be in accordance with the standards of export destination countries and able to compete.

Structural and Dynamic Changes in International Trade in Agricultural Products in Ukraine

The article is devoted to studying the structural and dynamic changes in international trade in agricultural products in Ukraine. The authors reveal the theoretical essence of international trade in agricultural products, considering export and import conditions in light of modern challenges. The assessment of the foreign trade regime is provided and the trends and impact of implementing the Agreement on Association between Ukraine and the EU on the development of Ukraine's foreign trade are established. It was found that, on one hand, the export orientation of raw materials to the EU crop production market has increased, while on the other hand, there remains a high import dependence on prepared food products, with a more diversified import structure. The peculiarities of key directions of Ukraine's agro-industrial market under martial law and its place in the global food security system are described. The article also examines the structure of Ukraine's trading partners, which have been revised since the beginning of the war. The peculiarities of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in international trade in agricultural products are analysed. Ways of diversifying exports and increasing the profitability of foreign trade in agricultural products from Ukraine in the EU market are suggested.

EUROPEAN UNION-UKRAINE AGRICULTURAL TRADE DURING THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR: A POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE

The article analyzes the consequences of the Russian armed invasion of Ukraine, initiated in February 2022, for the EU’s trade policy towards this country and for the changes in mutual foreign trade in agri-food goods due to its temporary, exceptional liberalization, with particular emphasis on the imports of these products into the EU. The study uses the political economy approach (including interest group theory) to explain the premises of the EU’s specific trade policy towards Ukraine and the crisis in mutual trade relations between Ukraine and its neighboring countries, caused by the excessive inflow of Ukrainian grain into their territories. Large agri-food corporations are identified as potential interest groups monopolizing economic power, influencing the use of agricultural land, the export of agricultural products, and Ukraine’s domestic and foreign policy. The measures of temporary liberalization of trade in agricultural products applied by the EU to Ukraine in response to the war situation resulted in a significant increase in their imports into the EU, while in the case of Poland its share in the volume of EU imports of sensitive products (wheat, maize, rapeseed and sunflower) in the 14 months since the beginning of the war was several to over a dozen times higher than in the 11 months preceding Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

CHINA’S AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE FLOWS: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse China’s agricultural import and export in the context of global geopolitical transformations and identification of trends, challenges, and opportunities for the state’s agricultural policy based on this analysis. Methodology of research. The following methods were used in the research: analysis and synthesis to evaluate the dynamics, product, and geographical structure of China’s agricultural foreign trade; SWOT analysis to assess the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of the state’s agricultural policy; abstract and logical method to summarize information from various sources and create a comprehensive understanding of the researched problem, forming theoretical conclusions and generalizations; and graphical method to visualize the research results. Findings. It was found that in 2023, the dynamics of China’s foreign trade in agricultural products continued to show a growth trend that has been observed over the past decade. It was demonstrated that the development of China’s agricultural exports has effectively contributed to the deep expansion and diversification of the agricultural value chain, opening new opportunities for promoting high-quality agricultural development. At the same time, it was noted that China has abolished non-tariff measures on agricultural products and export subsidies for all agricultural products, making it one of the most open markets for agricultural products. However, it was proven that in terms of imports, China remains one of the most dependent countries in the world, which is related to the relatively small area of arable land, large population, and insufficient intensification, technological development, and mechanization of tangible agricultural production. Originality. The research on trends in the development of China’s international trade in agricultural products in the post-COVID period has been further developed, taking into account new geopolitical realities. Using the SWOT analysis method, the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of China’s agricultural policy were identified. Practical value. The substantiated conclusions and recommendations derived from the research can be used to determine the strategic directions for the development of China’s trade relations, as well as to intensify agricultural trade flows between Ukraine and China. Key words: international trade, export, import, agriculture, peripheral regions, foreign policy, global risks, competitiveness.

International Trade of Egyptian Agricultural Products: Market Power and competitive Analysis for Main Export and Import Markets

International Trade of Egyptian Agricultural Products: Market Power and competitive Analysis for Main Export and Import Markets

The Fall Armyworm and Larger Grain Borer Pest Invasions in Africa: Drivers, Impacts and Implications for Food Systems.

Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major biosecurity threat affecting globalisation and the international trade of agricultural products and natural ecosystems. In recent decades, for example, field crop and postharvest grain insect pests have independently accounted for a significant decline in food quantity and quality. Nevertheless, how their interaction and cumulative effects along the ever-evolving field production to postharvest continuum contribute towards food insecurity remain scant in the literature. To address this within the context of Africa, we focus on the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), two of the most important field and postharvest IAS, respectively, that have invaded Africa. Both insect pests have shown high invasion success, managing to establish themselves in >50% of the African continent within a decade post-introduction. The successive and summative nature of field and postharvest damage by invasive insect pests on the same crop along its value chain results in exacerbated food losses. This systematic review assesses the drivers, impacts and management of the fall armyworm and larger grain borer and their effects on food systems in Africa. Interrogating these issues is important in early warning systems, holistic management of IAS, maintenance of integral food systems in Africa and the development of effective management strategies.