Export Of Agricultural Products Research Articles

Soil organic carbon stocks as driven by land use in Mato Grosso State: the Brazilian Cerrado agricultural frontier

To address national and global demand for agro-based products, agricultural expansion has rapidly become a norm in Brazil since 1950s to date. In recent decades, agricultural expansion and technological advancement have placed the country among the top producers and exporters of agricultural products. The paradigm shifts in farming system from conventional to integrated approach has brought significant changes in land use, which consequently influenced carbon sequestration and soil organic carbon (SOC). This is more prevalent in the State of Mato Grosso, one of the most producers of food in Brazil. On this background, we hypothesized that though forests have potential for SOC stock, which decreases due to conversion to cropland but in longer-term with sustainable management, carbon might accrual significantly in cropland. Therefore, this paper aimed to unveil the nexus between long term land use and carbon stock changes and estimate future SOC stocks in Mato Grosso State of Brazil. To achieve this aim, a hybridization of machine learning and the InVEST prediction models was applied to estimate the land use changes and the SOC stocks between 1990 and 2020 and estimate for 2050. The study revealed that between 1990, 2020, and 2050, croplands increased significantly by at least 78%, pastures decreased by 32%, while forests decreased marginally by about 4% due to agricultural expansions. However, in 1990 and 2020, the SOC stock was slightly up to 147.34 Mg ha−1, it recorded an increase after a longer-time (i.e., in 2050). This increase was substantially under the forests, and marginally in the croplands. Climate-smart agricultural systems such as crop-livestock forest, integrated crop-livestock, and other conservation agricultural practices have great potential to contribute to sustainable development by increasing the levels of carbon in agricultural soils especially, after a longer period. Therefore, agricultural policies geared towards low carbon agriculture should be fully integrated into the various government decision making processes as this will guarantee food security and maximize soil carbon sequestration and stocks in the long term. Simultaneously, it is crucial to promote the dissemination of best practices for implementing and sustaining conservation efforts, thereby safeguarding the carbon stocks established to prevent their depletion. This will also support the Brazilian government in achieving its Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) through agricultural soils.

Impacts of the European Union deforestation regulation on Vietnam’s coffee supply chains

In June 2023, the European Union (EU) enacted the Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products (EUDR), which requires agricultural products to enter and leave its territory free from deforestation. The regulation applies to seven commodities: cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya, wood, and their derivative products. The regulations apply to seven commodities: cattle, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, rubber, soya, wood, and their derivate products grown or raised on land subject to deforestation or forest degradation will be banned from entering the EU market. EUDR will have a significant impact on Vietnam’s Exports of Agricultural Products. Coffee, rubber, wood, and wood products are the main industries in Vietnam affected by this regulation, as the country exports a substantial portion of these products to EU markets. This article examines the impacts of the European Union Deforestation Regulation on Vietnam’s coffee supply chains, discusses possible unintended effects on coffee farmers and farming households, and explores strategies to mitigate these negative impacts while highlighting specific challenges that may arise. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding and management of Vietnam’s agricultural exports, particularly in the coffee sector. Additionally, the article gives some recommendations for improving Vietnam’s laws and policies on deforestation-free products.

The intensity of regional food trade among the Western Balkan countries during periods of crisis

This study explores the intensity of food trade among the Western Balkan (WB) countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia) during periods of crisis, emphasizing the impact of COVID-19 and the Ukrainian-Russian conflict on regional trade dynamics. The impact of this crisis was measured over three analyzed years: 2018, representing a reference year for comparison, then 2020 as the year affected by COVID-19, and 2022, being affected by the pandemic as well as the Ukrainian-Russian crisis. All data collected are from the “Trade Statistics for International Business Development Database”. Conclusions about the intensity of exchange of agricultural and food products within the WB region were obtained by calculating Regional Intensity of Trade of Export (RITE) and Regional Intensity of Trade of Import (RITI). Higher values than 1 indicate intensity in trade or dominance of trade in specific products with a particular region compared with the trade with the world. In the case of trade among the WB countries, the COVID-19 crisis did not affect the increase in trade volume. However, there was an increase in intra-regional trade by about 50% when compared with 2020 and 2022. The RITE coefficients for all countries except Albania were greater than 1, indicating intensified export of agricultural and food products to the WB region compared with their global export. The RITI index is very important in crisis, as it somewhat answers the question of who "feeds" the country during crises. All WB countries had the RITI indices greater than 1, indicating a higher intensity of food imports from the region compared with the world. According to this research, the RIT coefficients measured generally declined in the years of crises, meaning that the countries shifted their export focus to other regions but still the most significant foreign and intense trade partners in agricultural and food products were countries from the region.

The improvement strategy of fresh produce supply chain resilience based on extenics.

Nowadays, the world is in turmoil, climate and environmental problems are prominent, the import and export of fresh agricultural products are restricted, etc. The impact of the growing demand for fresh agricultural products and healthy lifestyle choices, and fresh agricultural products are essential for people's daily life, which are perishable, fragile, seasonal, and other unstable factors. Therefore, when the fresh produce supply chain faces various pressures and difficulties, how to enhance the resilience of the supply chain against various problems and risks with flexible and multi-dimensional strategies and methods has become the focus of extensive attention. This kind of problem is a typical contradictory problem, and previous studies have failed to achieve good results. In this paper, based on extenics, we are able to one-dimensionalise the multi-dimensional contradictory problems and multi-dimensionalise the one-dimensional contradictory problems to solve such problems in a scientific and effective way. Firstly, taking fresh agricultural products supply chain enterprise M as the research object, we constructed the fresh agricultural products supply chain enterprise toughness system and identified the toughness state of each index. Secondly, we found the low-evaluation toughness indexes that need to be solved and constructed a extension model of incompatible problems of enterprise toughness. Thirdly, we analysed the objectives and conditions of toughness incompatible problems of fresh agricultural products supply chain enterprises numerically and quantitatively, and then, with the objective of toughness improvement, we analyzed the correlation of the condition basic-elements of incompatible problems and carried out extension transformations. Again, the objectives and conditions of the incompatible problems of fresh produce supply chain enterprises are analysed numerically and quantitatively, and with toughness enhancement as the objective, the correlation analysis and extension transformation of the condition basic-elements of the incompatible problems are implemented to generate the set of toughness enhancement strategies that can solve the incompatible problems in a multidimensional and scientific way. Finally, the optimal toughness enhancement strategies are selected through the superiority evaluation and composed into a new strategy to enhance the toughness of the fresh produce supply chain. Combined with extenics calculations and screening, a new strategy for supply chain resilience enhancement of fresh agricultural products was finally formed. The existing problems are solved from six aspects: product supply type, product demand, product supply efficiency, human resource quantity, production and processing equipment, and logistics guarantee ability. It provides a certain reference significance for the fresh agricultural products supply chain toughness enhancement, and helps enterprises to strengthen their competitiveness and sustainability through the enhancement of toughness.

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The prospects of the food and agro-food sector in the structure of the economic management system are related to global and national trends in the development of agriculture, food industry and effective management of these industries. The growing demand for environmentally friendly products forces companies and farmers to implement sustainable production methods. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, using water and resources efficiently, and moving to organic agriculture. Environmental standards are becoming important in ensuring the competitiveness of products on the domestic and international markets. Automation and digital technologies are rapidly penetrating the agri-food sector. Precision farming technologies, artificial intelligence, drones and satellite systems allow for increased production efficiency, improved resource management and reduced costs.In addition, digital platforms help to optimize supply chains and improve interaction between market participants. There is an increasing focus on food safety due to increased regulation by governments and international organizations. This requires agri-food businesses to invest in quality control systems and meet international standards such as HACCP. The increase in the export of food and agricultural products is an important factor in the economic development of many countries. This requires diversification of sales markets, improvement of logistics infrastructure and adaptation to the requirements of foreign markets.In addition, supporting local producers through government subsidy programs can strengthen the domestic market. The concept of a closed-cycle economy involves minimizing waste and maximizing the use of resources at each stage of production. In the food sector, this may include using waste as raw material for fertilizer or energy production. Small and medium-sized businesses in the agri-food sector can play an important role in ensuring food security and sustainable development of rural areas. Government support programs, access to finance and educational programs can help strengthen this sector. Climate change directly affects the food sector, causing unpredictable weather conditions that can reduce harvests and increase the risk of production losses. Adapting to these changes requires the introduction of new technologies, genetically modified crops, and risk management programs. At the global level, more and more attention is being paid to food security - ensuring a stable food supply. This includes the development of the agro-industrial complex to reduce dependence on imports, increase food reserves, and develop infrastructure for storage and transportation

THE IMPACT OF LIBERALIZATION, PRIVATIZATION, AND GLOBALIZATION (LPG) ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE

The study examines the influence of Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization (LPG) reforms on agricultural sector in India since their initiatives in 1991. The study explores evolving disputes and government measures in providing solution for the problem faced by the marginal and small-scale agriculturists. The research objective is to examine the influence of LPG on export of agricultural items, Technological innovations, Geographical disparities along with ecofriendly practices. The study examined the strengths such as enhancement in export of agricultural products and diversification of harvests, weaknesses are identified as geographical differentiation and reduction in public funding these aspects are analysed through SWOT analysis. Encouragement or opportunities on LPG reforms includes combination of technological innovations and ecofriendly procedures whereas, threats are identified as financial disparities among farmers and environmental depletion. This complete analysis offers a mixed view of varied influence of LPG on agriculture in India, Proposing the requirement for sustainable approach and higher inclusiveness for agriculture expansion. KEYWORDS: Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization, SWOT analysis, Indian agriculture, regional disparities, Environmental sustainability, Technological advancements, Government policies

Export of agricultural products as a determinant of currency security of Ukrainian economy

Purpose. The purpose of this study is the development of the methodological approach for estimation the impact of agri-food exports on the monetary sphere of Ukraine in order to substantiate the prospective directions of the export potential of agricultural products as the factor in ensuring the currency security of Ukraine. Methodology / approach. The following methods were used: literature review in determining the main trends in the export of agricultural products based on the analysis of publications; economic and statistical analysis to assess the impact of key factors on the formation of the export potential of agricultural products and its impact on exchange rate formation; ARDL modelling, Dickey-Fuller, and Engle-Granger tests to estimate the impact of different factors on exchange rate changes. Results. The paper highlights the immediate and delayed influence of selected factors on the dynamics of the exchange rate in Ukraine, showing that the export of food products and raw materials for their production can significantly strengthen the national currency in the long-run. The continuous growth in food exports contributes to a slower appreciation of the exchange rate, which ultimately leads to a stronger national currency. Therefore, the strategy of focusing on increasing food exports can play a vital role in bolstering the Ukrainian currency in the long-run by exerting a positive influence on the exchange rate dynamics and contributing to the overall economic stability. Originality / scientific novelty. The study contributes to the understanding of the complex interplay between war, food security, and economic stability. The novelty implies the ARDL model of the influence of agricultural exports on the currency and exchange rate sphere of the Ukrainian economy. Additionally, the analysis adds new dimension to the discussion on the strategic importance of the agricultural sector for foreign exchange reserves and currency accumulation. Practical value / implications. The practical value is that understanding the relationship between export volumes, global prices, and exchange rate movements can help in predicting and managing currency fluctuations more effectively. By identifying the time frames for the return of exchange rate shocks to their long-term equilibrium and the impact of various factors on currency valuation, the study aims policy-making processes at ensuring currency security for the state.

Impact of short- and long-term factors on the growth of gross agricultural products in Azerbaijan: ARDL analysis

Purpose. The main purpose of this research is to assess the factors affecting the gross agricultural products in Azerbaijan in the short and long term. Methodology / approach. This study uses an Autoregressive Distributional Lag (ARDL) model to analyse the relationship between gross agricultural output and total government expenditure on agriculture, the volume of credit used in agriculture, direct investment in fixed assets in agriculture, and the country’s net agricultural exports. In our study, unlike most existing research, the variables are integrated in the second order, which increases the importance of this study. Results. The results of the study indicate that, despite the “crowding in” effect created by the state budget expenditures as the main factor in the short term, the effect on the growth of gross agricultural products in the long term is not so important. Credit resources and net exports have a negative effect in this relationship. In the long term, investment in fixed capital is a crucial factor in the growth of production. In general, the positive balance of net exports is a “mirror” reflection of investments, especially innovation-oriented investments. Considering that the predominance of imports in the total demand for agricultural products significantly reduces the multiplier effect that can occur in the field in general, it minimises the multiplier effect of the total expenditure. From this point of view, foreign investments can play an important role in creating a positive balance in the trade balance of agriculture. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific value of the research is the selection of main factors as direct contributions to the growth of the gross agricultural products and their effects. Through the ARDL program, we determined what factors are short-term and which are long-term, and we analysed the causes and consequences of these dependencies and put forward relevant proposals. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the research lies in the given proposals that can directly affect the net export of agricultural products and create positive changes in its balance. Because, massive investments, especially foreign investments, can modernise the rural economy in a short period of time and, accordingly, not only increase the competitiveness of its products in foreign markets, but also raise the level of self-sufficiency.

Последствия распространения коронавируса COVID-19 и новых штаммов для развития агропромышленного комплекса и потребительского рынка

The COVID-19 pandemic has become an example of the implementation of global biological threats, which are positioned as challenges to the economy, including the agricultural sector. The subject of the study was changes in food production and in the consumer market for agricultural products amid the consequences of the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus and potentially dangerous new strains. Since the volume and structure of agricultural exports can serve as indicators of overcoming the challenge to the agro-industrial complex from the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, including in conjunction with the influence of the sanctions policies of Western countries, the object of the study was changes in the main indicators of exports of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation at the federal and regional levels for first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Changes in the main indicators of exports of agricultural products were studied both at the federal and regional levels, using the example of agricultural enterprises in the Voronezh region, for the first quarter of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. As a background for studying the subject field of indicators for overcoming the challenge to the agro-industrial sector from the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the field of food production and in the consumer market for agricultural products were identified and studied. An overview of the main exporting companies in the Voronezh region is presented for the following types of products: grains (wheat, corn, barley); meat and dairy products (pork and pork by-products, beef, butter); products of the oil and fat industry (sunflower oil, cakes, mustard oil). The priority trend for the Russian Federation is the development of deep processing of crop products, in particular grain crops. The basis is the trend of growing consumer demand for food products of plant origin, including those that imitate traditional meat and dairy products. A trend has been noted for the production and consumption of organic products, the implementation of which will contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products in the domestic and foreign markets. An important factor in increasing the competitiveness of domestic food in the global and domestic markets is the expansion of production of organic crop and livestock products based on a single unified database of agricultural land that meets the legally established requirements for this category of products.

A Study on the Trade Efficiency and Potential of China’s Agricultural Products Export to Association of South East Asian Nations Countries: Empirical Analysis Based on Segmented Products

A Study on the Trade Efficiency and Potential of China’s Agricultural Products Export to Association of South East Asian Nations Countries: Empirical Analysis Based on Segmented Products

The Effects of International Transportation Process on Food Safety and Quality in Export of Agricultural Products: Sample Application in an Export Oriented Organisation

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the international transportation process on food safety and quality, especially in agricultural products. One of the main ideas of the current research is to provide information and improvement areas on the general issues (without the risks of food safety) through international transport of agricultural products.. Theoretical Framework: Today, access to safe food, sustainability and traceability, contain great importance. Particularly, the control points to be carried out in the processes related to loading, transporting, transporting to the points of sale, unloading and storing, when necessary, from the collection of fields, greenhouses and similar production areas of crops covered by crop production should be determined correctly. It is necessary to carry out these controls according to the relevant food safety legislation and standards applied within the scope of food safety and customer demands, and to evaluate the results obtained for prevention and improvement purposes. Method: The methodology of the research is selected as a sample application on a specific case study. The selected company is an import-export company based in Hungary. During the identification and classification of process data, process parameters, process objectives and results, which come from Kropy Fruit Hungary Kft, for all control points in these processes, were evaluated. Results and Discussion: The results of this study are examined by analyzing the common requirements of the management system standards used for food safety purposes. As results, the used data in this study is the analysis results and the application of the relevant food safety standard requirements, the implementation of the legal requirements within the scope of the transportation processes, the identification and elimination of the elements threatening the food safety in the international transportation and storage processes. As an improvement, reduction of the losses at these stages and recommendations for similar organizations for safe food transport were discussed. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of the research are discussed and how the results can be practiced in real life organizations are indicated as recommendations. The risks and non-compliances arising from the employees of the organization were also examined and the effects of human factors on food safety in these processes and recommendations for improvement were developed. Originality/Value: The originality of the research comes from the fact that even though food safety and quality are popular topics in the specific research field; the effects of transportation process specifically in agricultural products and how the related regulations and standards can influence it positively were still questionnable. Therefore, the value of the current research is bringing a new questionnable area and its solution to the academic field, while touching to real life, practical examples and considering new improvement and innovative solutions.

Export as a driver of the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation

Relevance. The implementation of the export potential of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is largely related to the concentration on priority supply areas, peculiar drivers of growth in the export of agroindustrial complex products. The relevance of the article is based on the identification and assessment of product drivers of export growth (exporting firms) in 2023.The purpose of the study is to analyze the export of agricultural products of the Russian Federation.Objectives. This goal was achieved by solving the following tasks: analyzing the volume of exports of products of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation within the framework of the National Project "International Cooperation and Export" and the annual minimum permissible effectiveness of export support measures in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation under the FP "Export of agro-industrial complex" in 2021-2023; evaluation of food drivers of export growth (exporting firms) in 2023 wheat, barley, corn, peas, lamb, pork milk powder.Methodology. The work used well-known methods of economic research: systemic analysis, comparison, generalization, interpretation of results and other general scientific methods. In the process of research, the systematization of statistical data, scientific publications of scientists on the topic of the presented work was carried out.Results. The analysis of the export of agricultural products of the Russian Federation was carried out and the assessment of the product drivers of export growth (exporting firms) in 2023 was given: wheat, barley, corn, peas, lamb, pork, milk powder.Conclusions. The main idea of the article is that it is exports that are the key driver of growth in the production of agricultural products of the Russian Federation. An important condition for the development of exports in our country is the opening of new markets, which is happening by 2024, access was obtained to more than 90 countries in 236 types of agricultural products. In addition, the number of enterprises certified for export is growing every year.

Trade potential in the agricultural cooperation between Russia and ASEAN countries in conditions of world economic system fragmentation

In the article the level of food security of the ASEAN countries and Russia was determined using the Global Food Security Index, on the basis of which an analysis was made of the demand for each of the economies of the Association and the possibilities of trade cooperation with Russia in certain categories of agro-industrial products. Additionally, the article shows the key trading partners of the ASEAN countries in both export and import of agricultural products, and also identifies the position of the Russian economy among the category of so-called “other trading partners”. Based on statistical data, taking into account the current volumes of trade potential of the Russian economy, three categories of ASEAN countries were identified, for each of which a categorical analysis of the demand for agricultural products was carried out and the potential for interaction with Russia was identified.

Повышение эффективности экспорта сельскохозяйственной продукции в условиях санкционного давления

The article considers modern trends in the development of the export potential of agricultural products in the conditions of the modern concept of production and sale of products in this commodity area. The purpose of the study is to identify current trends in improving the efficiency of exports of agricultural products in the face of increased competition in the global food markets. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that increasing the indicators of exports of agricultural products will minimize the supply pressure on the domestic market of agricultural products. The article discusses issues related not only to the expansion of the export component in the activities of various forms of production of agricultural products, but also possible options for joint participation in the process of optimizing the export of food products. As part of the study, various concepts of international trade were analyzed and studied, their detailed analysis was carried out and positive aspects were identified that can be used to improve the efficiency of exports of products of the agro-industrial sector of the economy.

Обеспечение экономической безопасности российского агропромышленного комплекса на основе диверсификации структуры экспортных поставок продовольствия

the article presents the results of a study of the processes of ensuring economic security of the Russian agro-industrial complex based on diversification of the structure of food export supplies. The statistics of income from exports of agricultural products of the countries of the world are analyzed. An analysis of the structure of US agro-industrial exports by type of product was carried out. The parameters of the world market for rapeseed and its processed products have been determined.

Circular economy of the agricultural sector: Strategies and challenges in the context of globalisation

The study aimed to validate the necessity of formulating and executing plans for incorporating the concepts of the circular economy into Ukraine's agriculture sector, while considering the impacts of globalisation and problems arising from the war. This study examined the fundamental principles and intellectual underpinnings that differentiate the circular economy from the conventional economic model. The undamental concept of the circular economy in the agricultural sector was justified, and the primary benefits of implementing this economic model in the field of agriculture were established. The European Commission has approved the strategy for the Common Agricultural Policy for the period 2023-2027. This strategy emphasises the primary responsibilities that EU member states must undertake to implement the principles of the circular economy in agriculture. The primary patterns in the operation of agriculture in Ukraine are recognised, and the significance of the agricultural sector in the framework of gross domestic product (GDP) formation and foreign exchange profits is established. The destruction of infrastructure, mining activities, and occupation of regions resulted in a decline in the cultivated land and animals, leading to a loss in physical productivity. Due to the war, there has been a decline in production and logistics capabilities, resulting in a large fall in the export of agricultural products. Consequently, the profitability of firms in this sector of the Ukrainian economy has also decreased. Ukrainian agricultural firms lack the financial resources to independently support creative development, which includes the implementation of new technology solutions that form the foundation of the circular economy. Considering the effects of globalisation and military conflict, it is justified that prioritising innovation and investment support, particularly by the State, should be a strategic direction for implementing the principles of the circular economy of agriculture in Ukraine. This approach will enhance economic efficiency and create new opportunities

Global changes in the development of the export potential of the grain sub-complex of the agrarian sector of Ukraine

In modern conditions, the export of agricultural products is one of the main sources of income for the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Thus, conducting multi-faceted studies of foreign trade in this sector is relevant. The purpose of the study was to develop estimates of the possibility of developing grain exports in Ukraine based on the analysis of current data on the development of this sector, and individual global trends. The paper investigated global changes in the development of the export potential of the grain and food sub-complex of the agricultural sector of Ukraine. It is proved that the decomposition of the export potential of the grain sub-complex according to the sectoral system of the agrarian sector allows forming a step-by-step methodical assessment of its quantitative and qualitative indicators to determine the compositional integrity of the effective value of the object under study. A comprehensive functional-resource analysis of the parameters of the export potential of the grain sub-complex, which are grouped according to the process approach for calculating the food security of the export chain of grain production entities, is presented. The procedure for assessing the state of food security of the grain sub-complex of the state through the resource component allows diagnosing the export capabilities of subjects of foreign trade operations in the presence of numerous risks. The actual dependence of the gross domestic product of Ukraine on the export of products of the grain sub-complex was determined and its forecast value for a five-year period was calculated. A pessimistic-optimistic scenario of the growth (reduction) of Ukraine’s gross domestic product at the lower and upper limits of realisation of the export potential of the grain sub-complex is given. The conclusions obtained in the framework of the study can be used to form a policy in the agricultural sector of Ukraine

Simulation of the impact of changes in the volume of production and export of products on the food security of the country: on the example of Ukraine

Changes in the production of agricultural products in Ukraine are analyzed. Forecasting of the volume of exports of agricultural products from Ukraine until 2027 was carried out. The following factors were taken into account: projected changes in real GDP in those countries that are the main importers of these products; reduction of cultivated agricultural land caused by military actions; forecasted changes in the population of Ukraine during the forecast period. It was concluded that there are no threats to Ukraine's food security caused by changes in the production and export of agricultural products. The research was based on a forecasting method, which made it possible to take into account retrospective information and a number of internal and external factors affecting the processes of production and export of agricultural products. The sources of information were the data of the International Monetary Fund and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The hypotheses of the study were confirmed, and the results showed that the volume of production of agricultural products will be sufficient to support the population of the country, while maintaining the previous proportion of exports. At the same time, there is a potential for growth of the share of products that Ukraine can export. The forecast volumes of export of Ukrainian agricultural products obtained can serve as a guideline for regulating exports, taking into account the issue of food security in Ukraine.

Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Sustainability of International Trade in Agricultural Products in the Context of Crisis Management: An Assessment of the Agricultural Product Exporting Sectors in Antalya, Türkiye

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sustainability of international trade in agricultural products through semi-structured, in-depth interviews, focusing on businesses engaged in agricultural product exports in Antalya within the context of crisis management. While Türkiye ranks tenth in the world and first in Europe in terms of agricultural output, Antalya, one of Türkiye’s most economically significant cities, is among the top contributors to Türkiye’s economy in terms of foreign exchange earnings from agricultural product exports. According to the findings of the study, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the importance placed on the sustainability of agricultural product export activities. Türkiye’s prioritization of agricultural production and export has allowed the agricultural sector to positively differentiate itself from other sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic, turning the crisis into an opportunity. On the other hand, disruptions in global supply chains and increases in logistics and transportation costs due to the pandemic have led to various challenges to the sustainability of sector activities. Moreover, the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as increases in global and national inflation rates and particularly rising fuel and product prices, have resulted in sustainability problems in the agricultural product export sector’s activities today. To ensure the sustainability of activities in the post-pandemic period, effective crisis management strategies and planning are needed. However, according to the study’s results, the issue of crisis management in the agricultural product export sector has not received sufficient attention. To raise awareness about crisis management and ensure productivity, competitive advantage, and sustainability, increasing government support, establishing sectoral cooperation for joint action, and fostering collaboration between the private sector, public sector, and universities could be beneficial.

POST-SAFTA INTRAREGIONAL TRADE BETWEEN INDIA AND SAARC

India plays a vital role in improving bilateral relations within SAARC. Since intra-regional trade is one of the major areas of cooperation, multilateral trade agreements among the regional members have been implemented for trade in merchandise. The paper examines the post-SAFTA extent of trade between India and SAARC members grouped under Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and Non-Less Developed Countries (NLDCs). Data for the period 2007-2021 were collected from IMF, DOTS. Percentages, Trade Intensity Index (TII) and Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA Index) have been employed to study the research objectives. Percentages and TII reveal that India constitutes 80 percent of the intra-SAARC export with its trade concentrated with the LDCs, exhibiting greater trade intensity with Bhutan and Nepal. Further, SAARC being an agrarian region, the analysis of RCA Index on data from Trade Map, (ITC) indicate that India enjoys greater comparative advantage in its export of agricultural products to LDCs, especially Afghanistan and Bangladesh, and with Pakistan among the NLDCs. KEY WORDS: Intra-SAARC trade, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index, Trade Intensity Index (TII).