Agricultural Production Cooperatives Research Articles

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЕДИНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ КООПЕРАЦИИ

The article reveals the essence, principles, and features of the adopted federal laws on cooperation. Based on the analysis of revenue from the sale of goods, works and services from non-agricultural activities of agricultural consumer and production cooperatives in the federal districts and Russia as a whole, trends and the need for changes in legislation on cooperation are highlighted, measures are proposed to form a unified cooperation system that will eliminate obstacles to cooperation of various forms of management in rural areas.

Development of the Efficient Scheme of Cow Mastitis Prophylaxis

Introduction. Among many diseases reducing cow milk productivity, mastitis occupies a special place — the milk yield losses due to this widespread infectious disease equal, in average, to 8–15% of the total losses caused by all diseases in cows. Only an integrated approach can ensure achievement of the best results in solving this acute problem. Within the integrated approach, the use of various sanitary disinfectants before and after milking is primary important. To multiply the effect, we decided to combine the disinfecting treatment with the vaccination of cows against mastitis — a preventive measure becoming popular nowadays. The aim of the research is to develop the efficient scheme of cow mastitis prophylaxis based on the comparative efficacy analysis of applying the various disinfectants in immunized and nonimmunized animals.Materials and Methods. The research was carried out at the premises of the Agricultural Production Cooperative “Plemzavod Maiskii” (Maiskii Breeding Farm) during five months after the vaccination of cows (from November 2021 to March 2022). The cows were vaccinated with the home-developed inactivated associated vaccine against mastitis of cows. The post-milking treatment was carried out with the disinfectants “ProfiClean Iodine” and “Lorena”. For conducting the study, 4 groups of cows per 10 heads each were selected: the control group (in which only “ProfiClean Iodine” disinfectant was used), the experimental groups No. 1 (in which "Lorena" disinfectant was used), No. 2 (in which “ProfiClean Iodine” disinfectant was used in vaccinated animals) and No. 3 (in which “Lorena” disinfectant was used in vaccinated animals). The vaccination efficacy coefficient was calculated according to the formula EC = ((B – A)/B) × 100, where EC is the efficacy coefficient (%); A — is the cow mastitis incidence in vaccinated animals; B — is the cow mastitis incidence in non-vaccinated animals.Results. It has been established that the efficacy of “ProfiClean Iodine” for mastitis incidence prophylaxis in vaccinated animals compared to the non-vaccinated animals was 78.0%; the same prophylactic efficacy indicator of “Lorena” lotion was 89.0%. Monthly bacteriological examinations of the cow udder secretion resulted in isolation of the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) culture, which is the prevailing infectious agent of cow mastitis, in 30.0% of cows in the control group. Pathogenic streptococci and enterobacteria have not been isolated. Opportunistic pathogenic staphylococci have been found in the udder secretion of animals in all studied groups, whereas the maximum amounts have been recorded in the control group and group No. 1 (50.0 and 40.0 % respectively) and the minimum – in groups No. 2 and 3 (10.0% each).Discussion and Conclusion. The research clearly demonstrates the efficacy of the integrated approach in solving the problem of the cow mastitis incidence — the incidence was 4.5 times lower in the experimental group No. 2 and 9.0 times lower in experimental group No. 3 compared to the control group. The combined use of the disinfectants and the inactivated associated vaccine against cow mastitis is a workable scheme providing 78.0 – 89.0% prophylactic efficacy, therefore it can be recommended for implementation into the agricultural enterprises of the appropriate profile.

Polymorphism of serum blood proteins of herd horses (<i>Equus ferus caballus</i>) of the transbaikal breed

The results of a study of the genetic diversity of the Transbaikal horse breed based on the polymorphism of whey proteins TF, Es, and ALB in four herds of the Transbaikal region are presented. The Transbaikal horse belongs to the ancient aboriginal breeds and is most adapted to the local climatic conditions of dry, hot summers and frosty winters with little snow. It is unpretentious, hardy, and has a strong constitution. Research is aimed at preserving the breed’s genetic diversity by studying polymorphic variants of whey proteins, which are reliable genetic markers due to their codominant inheritance and comprehensive polymorphism. In the albumin locus, two alleles and three genotypes were identified. In the esterase locus, there are six alleles and 13 genotypes. In the transferrin locus - 7 alleles and 18 genotypes occur with different frequencies in the studied herds, which makes it possible to characterise their genotypic characteristics. Rarely encountered genotypes of the transferrin locus (less than 10 %) include eight genotypes: TFDD, TFDH, TFDI, TFDR, TFFI, TFFM, TFOR, TFR; esterase locus – 6 genotypes: EsGI, EsHH, EsHI, EsHO, EsII, EsGI. Based on the frequency of genotypes and alleles, homozygosity was calculated for each whey protein system and for the entire sample from the herd, the level of which ranges from 7.87 to 12.25 %. The overall homozygosity rate varies from 34.35 to 43.36 %, and the number of effective alleles (Na) in all herds is almost the same (2.30–2.91). Genetic variability ranges from 56.96–63.74 %. The index of gene similarity between herds is at the level of 0.8439–0.9058. The analysed herds form two subclusters: the first includes horses from the APC (Agricultural Production Cooperative) Livestock Breeding Farm named after. Kalinin and SPK “Rassvet”. In the second - animals from APC (Agricultural Production Cooperative) “Livestock Breeding Farm “Rodina” and AC (Agricultural Cooperative) “Taptanay”.

INHERITANCE OF CORPORATE RIGHTS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION COOPERATIVES

The article deals with some problematic aspects of the inheritance of a share in an agricultural production cooperative, as well as problematic procedural aspects of the inheritance of the above share. Also, within the framework of the study, the issues of the implementation by heirs of the right of membership in an agricultural production cooperative were considered. The relevance of the chosen research topic lies both in the prevalence of such an organizational and legal form as an agricultural production cooperative, and in the presence of imperfect legal regulation on the inheritance of corporate rights in this organizational and legal form. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of the issues of inheritance of corporate rights in agricultural production cooperatives. In the course of the study, both general scientific research methods and special legal research methods were used, including the systematic method and the literal method of interpreting law. It is concluded that there are shortcomings in the current legal regulation of the above issues, amendments to the current legislation aimed at improving the legal regulation on the issue under consideration are proposed.

Effect of probiotics on height and weight parameters of young cattle

The main direction of agriculture is the search for effective methods of production to provide the population with the provision and to ensure the food independence of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feed yeast produced in Russia and abroad on the growth of calves up to six months of age. The scientific and production experiment was carried out on the dairy farm of "Gigant" Agricultural Production Cooperative Collective Farm of the Stavropol Territory. Four groups of ten heads of black-and-white calves were formed according to the principle of analogues. The animals were ten days old. Together with the main diet the calves of the 1st experimental group received I-SAK1026 drug in the amount of 11 g per animal per day, the animals of the second experimental group were fed with "Levisil SC+" drug in the amount of 5 g per animal per day, and the calves of the third experimental group received "Optisaf" drug in the amount of 15 g per animal per day. Changes of linear measurements of growth rate with age were different. The animals of the third experimental group had an advantage in most of the measurements. Compared to the control, they showed more significant results. Based on the results of the study, the following was established. Calves of the third experimental group that received "Optisaf" probiotic were characterized by more significant activity of metabolic processes. The calves of this group were ahead of the control calves in terms of development and growth.

ЭКСТЕРЬЕРНО-КОНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ И ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ МЯСА ЛОШАДЕЙ УЛЬДУРГИНСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ

The development of horse herd farming with increase in number of meat horses, exclusively adapted to the conditions of year-round grazing, is an urgent problem of animal husbandry. Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding in collaboration with the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding" bred Uldurginskaya horse. They crossbred Buryat horses with stallions of Russian draft horse, Russian trotter and Transbaikalian horse to increase productivity and reproductive qualities of animals. The aim of the present research was to study the exterior and constitutional characteristics and meat productivity of young horses, depending on breed. Experimental studies were conducted in conditions of breeding farms of Agricultural Production Cooperative "Uldurga" and OOO "Domna" (Yeravninskiy district, Republic of Buryatia), the composition of meat raw materials was studied in the laboratory of Center for Collective Use "Progress", ESSUTM. The analysis of exterior and constitutional features of new breed specimen indicates that they differ in strong bones and distinct meat forms, which is confirmed with body mass index. There was significant increase in body weight of young Uldurginskaya breed compared to Buryat one: at 6 months by 51.6 kg, at 18 months by 45.7 kg, at 30 months by 51.9 kg. Studies of chemical composition of muscle tissue have shown higher protein content (by 6.4–9.3 %) in meat of Uldurginskaya breed.

Countering threats to economic security in agricultural production cooperatives

Countering threats to economic security in agricultural production cooperatives

Состояние сохранности ненецкого языка в Ненецком автономном округе: по материалам социологического исследования

The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted in 2022 in the city of Naryan-Mar, as well as in the villages of Nelmin Nos and Krasnoe of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Based on the results of interviews with specialists and experts in the field of the Nenets language, working in education and culture, as well as in the relevant executive authorities of the Okrug, conclusions about the preservation of the Nenets language in the region were made. Particular attention is paid to the respondents’ per-ceptions of such aspects of the language situation as the use of the Nenets language by different population groups in various spheres of life, intergenerational transmission, the presence of the language in public space and on the Internet, and the motivation of the population to learn and use the language. The study resulted in recommendations for the preservation of the Nenets language in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, taking into account the linguistic situation in the region, as well as Russian and foreign practices for the preservation of small languages. The following are proposed as priority areas of work: (1) organizing systematic work to preserve and improve the status of the Nenets language in the Okrug; (2) supporting workplaces, initiatives, organizations and individuals involved in the preservation of language and culture; (3) creating an attractive language environment, especially in the digital sphere (the Internet), with a focus on primary school children; (4) supporting communities, especially reindeer herding communities and agricultural production cooperatives, where the language is used and its intergenerational transmission is maintained.

Reproductive traits of cows of Holstein breed and dynamics of their changes during productive life

In order to obtain maximum milk productivity of cows, it is necessary to constantly maintain a high level of reproduction traits of cows in the herd to ensure timely eff ective insemination of them for the annual production of calves. The economy of dairy farming, the level of breeding work, the longevity of animals depends on the state of reproduction of the herd. The purpose of the research was to study the reproductive traits of cows of Holstein breed and the dynamics of their changes during productive life. The research was carried out on the basis of the Agricultural Production Cooperative “Plamya”, a milk production enterprise where Holstein cattle are bred. In order to conduct the study, the indicators of the reproductive traits of cows of the entire productive herd were evaluated in dynamics over 5 years of production use. The material for the analysis of the dynamics of change was taken from the database of the information and analytical system “SELEX-Dairy cattle”. Thus, it was found that during the study period the annual calf crop increased by 102,4 % or by 2 calves. The average number of inseminations per effective one was 2,1 doses over the period. In the period from 2017 to 2021, in the herd the duration of the open days period ranged from 128 to 140 days. The best indicator was noted in 2019. On average, for the herd over a fi ve-year period, there was an increase in the duration of the open days period by 12 days compared to 2017 data. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of the state of reproduction traits of cows in the herd, it was found that the indicators of reproductive trais of cows had a slight deviation from the threshold (normative) values, which indicates a fairly high level of breeding work carried out by specialists of the farm.

Some data on prevalence of microscopic fungi in conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

Research on plant feedstock for farm animals and poultry is now a pressing issue. Seeding with field isolates occurs in the soil layer in the autumn period. The infestation of isolates remains in the form of spores on crop residues during the winter period. The research aimed to conduct a mycological assessment of the field isolates prevalence in soil, green mass, and agricultural products in the farms of the Agricultural Production Cooperative [APC] “Tukaya” of the Baltasinsky district, the Agricultural firm “Archa” of the Arsky district, and the APC “Kubnya” of the Kaibitsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The mycological screening was carried out in the specialized laboratories of the Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety. To determine the toxicity, a biotesting method based on the survival rate of ciliated cultures was used after one hour of exposure in the extract of the studied product. The climatic conditions of the spring-summer period of 2020 were characterized by increased humidity in combination with temperature changes. In the research, a spread of fungi of the genus Fusarium (F. oxysporum, F. graminearum F. sporitrichioides), Penicillium (P.notatum, P.glaucum, P.chusodepim, P. expansium) was detected in crops. And fungi of the genus Aspergillus were more often sown in grain feeds (A.fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger). During the determination of toxicity, it was found that all the objects studied: soil, green mass, and feed are non-toxic, the survival rate of infusoria was 86%–100%. The authors recommend conducting regular feed screening and taking preventive measures that will make it possible to prevent the spread of aggressive field isolates in the agricultural complexes of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Collaborative networking among agricultural production cooperatives in Iran

This research seeks to determine mechanisms in developing collaborative networking among agricultural production cooperatives in Iran. The research design was survey method and a network consisting of agricultural cooperatives has been defined as the core of the network. The statistical population of the study included managers of cooperatives which were administrated by the “Ministry of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare” and the “Rural Cooperative Organization” of the Alborz Province (N = 540). From this target population, 176 managers of cooperatives were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was developed to determine the technical, economical, educational, legal, social, and policy making mechanisms that presented the collaborative networking model. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in the field of Agricultural cooperative. To calculate the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which is used for multi-scale questions, was used. The mean of Cronbach’s alpha coefficients in this study was 0.803. The results showed that policy making with a coefficient of 0.539, economic with a coefficient of 0.499, legal with a coefficient of 0.208, and educational mechanisms with a coefficient of 0.130 had the most impact, while technical and social mechanisms had no role in developing the collaborative networking.

SOME ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SIMMENTAL CATTLE OF THE ALTAI MOUNTAIN REGIONS

In the article, the authors present data on the development parameters of replacement heifers, milk productivity, reproduction rates, and economic longevity of Simmental cows of domestic and foreign selection in the farms of the mountainous regions of the Altai Republic and the Altai Territory. For the first time, the authors determined the efficiency of breed use (EIP) according to the method of M.A. Svyazhenina (2012) and proposed to supplement this method with an indicator of the age of insemination of heifers. In all the herds studied, the authors note the optimal indicators of herd reproduction, which indicates the high adaptability of animals of these genotypes to extreme natural and climatic conditions. The productive longevity of cows of domestic selection is significantly higher (p<0.05) - by 53.5-96.0% than in animals of German-Austrian origin. In the mountainous regions of Altai, the use of cows of the Simmental breed of the German-Austrian selection is effective mainly due to their higher milk productivity. According to the average milk yield for 305 days of lactation - 5165.1 kg, full-aged cows of German-Austrian origin in the farm “Fokin” significantly (p <0.05) surpassed their peers of domestic selection by - 36.4-71.3%, the efficiency of using the breed in this farm amounted to 0.963. The efficiency of the use of the breed in the “OS “AESH” with an average milk yield per lactation of 3446.7 kg is also high - 0.925 due to the indices of economic longevity and reproductive ability. The average efficiency index was obtained in the Agricultural Production Cooperative Breeding Stud (APCBS) “Amursky” - 0.882 and Federal State Budgetary Institution “Experimental Station “Novotalitskoye” - 0.828. In the APCBS “Amursky” the decrease in the efficiency of the use of the breed was affected by the insufficient milk productivity of cows, and in the “Experimental Station “Novotalitskoye” - the late age of insemination of heifers, an extended service period and an insufficient period of economic use of animals.

ENERGETIC ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS AT BEEF PRODUCTION COMPLEXES

The article presents the materials of studies, the purpose of which was to conduct a bioenergetic assessment of technological solutions and a set of process equipment used at seven operating farms and complexes for beef production of various capacities.
 It was found that the technologies used at the complexes in Agricultural Production Co-operative (APC) “Ostromechevo”, APC “Progress Vertilishki” and JSC “Vasilishki” were the most preferable for all indicators. The coefficient of bioenergy efficiency was 15.61%, 15.34 and 15.49%.

Negotiating equal rights in everyday life: expectations and experiences of rural women

ABSTRACT This article presents insights from research conducted on the importance of socialist agriculture for rural women’s emancipation in the GDR. It is based on ethnographic data collected between 2016 and 2018, including interviews with members of former agricultural production cooperatives and archival research centring on the Oderbruch region (Brandenburg). The author analyses the realities of life and work for women in the socialist village between expectations, opportunities, and realities. The tension between media discourses on the ‘new’ socialist woman, institutional politics, social expectations and village communal practices is drawn out. Within this frame, this texts highlights the numerous ways in which rural women actively designed their relationship to broader transitions in the rural economy, such as the socialist land reform and collectivisation. It narrates how women embraced opportunities and met challenges to realise their own interests. The strategic management of social difference, gender expectations and policy resulted in support for the economic success of cooperative, at least since the 1970s. On the one hand, women's readiness to work in low-paid jobs that offered family compatible working hours and social security was used to improve the financial performance of the cooperative. On the other hand, specific instruments of gender policies were used to improve the economic performance of the cooperative. Women were installed as leading committee members and division managers – against the explicit wish of many male workers. The expertise of young academic females was strategically employed to incite a process of innovation within changing economic policies and demands.

Wykorzystanie Państwowego Funduszu Ziemi jako instrumentu legitymizacji władzy komunistycznej oraz środka legalizacji rewolucji społecznej

After the Red Army entered Poland in the summer of 1944, and the installation of a new system of power began, the communists were faced with a general social disapproval of the transformations they proposed. This was especially true of the peasants, who constituted the vast majority of Poland’s inhabitants at that time. They were afraid of introducing general collectivization of land and their forceful inclusion in the agricultural production cooperatives under strict state supervision. Meanwhile, gaining the support of at least some of the peasants seemed to remain an indispensable element in the takeover of power by the communists, who always presented themselves as representatives of the interests of economically disadvantaged social classes. An equally important intention of the authorities was to eliminate all influence of the gentry in the countryside because of their hostility to the new political order.
 The purpose of this article is to present the principal aspects concerning the use of the State Land Fund as an instrument for the justification of the communist government’s approach, as well as for legitimizing the social revolution in post-war Poland. Attempts were made to indicate the use of this institution to make profound transformations regarding the model of property relations in Polish agriculture, previously shaped over centuries. It was also pointed out that the above-mentioned approach was aimed at simultaneously destroying the landed gentry as an elite social class and winning the support for the communists from the peasants, who were given the land taken from the landowners. Thus, in the political reality of the time, the State Land Fund became one of the most important (and at the same time often underrated) instruments in constructing the system of totalitarian power in post-war Poland. The primary goal of the article is to show how the instrumental treatment of the legal solutions regulating the functioning of the fund was used in practice by the communist authorities acting on the Kremlin’s behalf. It seems that in the literature on the subject, there are still deficits in the search for the bases of legitimization imposed in Poland by external political and military factors of the communist government.
 The most important conclusions from this analysis include the negative economic effects in terms of perpetuating the defects of the agricultural system and the inability to deal with the indicated legacy of the totalitarian system within the contemporary political and socio-economic reality.

The Current State of Development of Agricultural Cooperatives in the Aktobe Region

The purpose of the article is to study the current state of agricultural cooperatives in the socio-economic development of Aktobe region. Today, one of the most pressing issues is the improvement of agricultural production cooperatives. The main analytical-synthetic statistical, computational, and analytical methods were used in the study. The experience of Aktobe region in production compared to other regions was studied in detail, ways to solve economic problems of the region through the development of rural areas, and the study of food security projects was identified. The method of statistical research was used to compare tabular statistics in the form of different classifiers and directories in the agricultural database. This allowed you to select several classifiers and directories and customize the display of their elements. The article analyzes the prerequisites for the effective operation of agricultural production cooperatives and identifies reserves for its growth. Special attention was paid to the further increase of agricultural production, and it was found that high results can be achieved through the digitization of agricultural cooperatives. As a result of the study, the authors show the possibility of increasing the quantitative and qualitative indicators ofproduction from the stage of production to sales, as well as the provision of agricultural machinery, transport services, as well as the supply chain from agricultural products. As for recommendations, it is proposed to develop appropriate measures to create an organizational and legal system for protecting the interests of agricultural producers in the conditions of market relations of cooperatives.

Establishment of boundaries and determination of highly valuable grape-suitable agricultural land areas using modern information technologies

The necessity of clarifying the boundaries of the most valuable productive agricultural lands represented as grape-suitable land is justified in connection with the reduction of the area of vineyards, their withdrawal from agricultural turnover. It was established that from 1982 to 2022 in the resort-city Anapa, the area of cultivated vineyards decreased by 10968 hectares or 76%. A method of clarifying the boundaries and determining the areas of grape-growing land using satellite images and data from the “Public Cadastral Map” service is proposed. The method established in 2007 provides the exclusion of forest strips, roads, outbuildings, swamps, plots from industrial land and were transferred for expansion of settlements and the assessment of obtained areas were made by ownership forms and by types of permitted use. The proposals were tested on the example of the Agricultural Production Cooperative named after Lenin of the resort-city Anapa, it was found that in addition, 1920 hectares of vineyards can be laid in this agricultural organization.

State agrarian policy and the efficiency of its implementation at the regional level

Structural and dynamic changes in directions, forms, volumes of state support for agricultural producers in the “post-sanction” period were considered from the standpoint of various scientists. A slight increase in the index of agricultural production, a transition from compensatory to incentive support measures, a significant development of small forms of business are predicted: farming, consumer and industrial cooperation. The author’s method of assessing the effectiveness of new forms of support is proposed based on comparing the amounts and directions of obtained subsidies with changes in the competitiveness of crop and livestock products. The approbation of this technique on agricultural production cooperatives in Udmurtia showed an increase in the state support efficiency, as well as the benefits of further specialization of the republic in the production of dairy products. The technique can be used by the authorities to improve agricultural policy.

Collaborative Networking Among Agricultural Production Cooperatives in Iran

Collaborative Networking Among Agricultural Production Cooperatives in Iran

Legal regulation of commercial activity of agricultural production cooperatives

Legal regulation of commercial activity of agricultural production cooperatives