Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers Research Articles

A Study on Dimensional Variations in Commercial Cultivator Tines and Reversible Shovels in Comparison to Bureau of Indian Standards Norms

Accelerated demand for farm equipment has encouraged many producers to initiate production of farm machinery. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) provide standards for cultivators but commercial agricultural machinery manufacturers design based on trial and error basis without knowing the concept of optimization, which in turn leads to unnecessary design and cost and also affects equipment performance. With respect to this, study was undertaken to check the dimensions of commercially available cultivator tines (Rigid and spring) and reversible shovels. Based on the usability and availability commercially available rigid and spring cultivator tines and also reversible shovels were selected by conducting survey around Udaipur region. The dimensions of selected cultivator tines and reversible shovels were measured by using vernier calliper and measuring tape. The dimensions of selected rigid and spring cultivator tines found almost higher values as compared to BIS recommended value. Also among shovels, shovel 1 (Sh1) and shovel 2 (Sh2) measured higher values as compared to BIS recommended value, whereas shovel 3 (Sh3) found minimum values as compared to BIS recommended value.

The Scaling-up of Agricultural Mechanization Services and the Re-shaping of Small-Scale Household Farming in China

Abstract Taking the case of the agricultural mechanization service industry as an example, this study discusses the dynamics of the transformation of China’s agricultural contracting service industry in the context of the scaling-up of agricultural production, and how the transformation is reshaping small-scale household farming in grain production. With the accelerated growth of farmland transfer, large-scale agricultural producers have been emerging rapidly in different parts of China in the past years. Since their demand for agricultural contracting services is different from that of small-scale household producers, the scaling-up of agricultural production has promoted the scaling-up of agricultural contracting services. Meanwhile, the capital surplus in the agricultural machinery manufacturing industry has created three consequences simultaneously: the excess supply of agricultural mechanization services, the acceleration of agricultural machinery renewal, and the rising cost of machinery purchases. The interactions of these three factors not only raised the threshold of the agricultural machinery service industry, which makes it difficult for part-time service providers to survive market competition, but also shortened the time window for machinery service provision, which makes it difficult for large-scale agricultural producers to balance land operation and machinery service provision. Consequently, large-scale agricultural machinery service organizations are continuously replacing those small-scale part-time service providers. During this process, small-scale household producers engaged in grain production are faced with increasing risks of being excluded from farming, both directly and indirectly, as it is difficult for small producers to deal with large service organizations, and the small-scale part-time service providers that used to serve them are continually being replaced.

Lateral Overturning and Backward Rollover of Agricultural Tractors: A Review

Tractor accidents caused by lateral overturning and backward rollover during agricultural activities and general driving are common. In this study, various research cases were analyzed to identify the factors influencing the lateral overturning and backward rollover of tractors and to examine their static and dynamic stability. Studies on the analysis of the major causes of these incidents and evaluation of tractor safety were compiled. Test methods, including actual tests and simulations, were categorized, and the characteristics of lateral overturning and backward rollover safety of tractors in different studies were examined. Additionally, safety improvement measures were proposed by identifying and summarizing the causes of accidents involving agricultural machinery. Tractor safety was evaluated primarily by conducting actual tractor and simulation tests. These tests were classified into field tests, tests on scale models, spreadsheet programs, and 3D simulation programs. The primary causes of lateral overturning and backward rollover were unstable center of gravity, extremely high driving speed, and ground conditions. Given the considerable number of studies dedicated to evaluating tractor safety, various technologies aimed at preventing lateral overturning and backward rollover incidents are expected to be applied to tractors in the future. The production and testing of safe agricultural machinery are expected to contribute to a reduction in accident rates.

Development of Resource Conservation Technologies and Complexes of Machines for Cultivation of Vegetable Crops

The main activities of leading foreign companies are currently the development and production of agricultural machinery, taking into account new legislative requirements both for agricultural production in general and directly for the machinery itself. There is a clear trend towards the widest use of modern computer and information technologies in the design of agricultural machines, which allows to increase productivity and quality of technological operations while reducing operating costs, as well as improve working conditions of employees, management and control of work performed. Intensive resource conservation technologies are technologies related to the introduction of the latest high-performance combines, tractors and a plume of wide-range or combined agricultural units. The next type of resource conservation technologies is based on knowledge and respect for the laws of nature. These are resource conservation technologies through the biologization of agriculture. Resource conservation activities in crop production are based on the complete restoration of land fertility after the removal of nutrients from the soil by agricultural crops. This is ensured by the integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, green manure, bacterial fertilizers, as well as peat and sapropel. All crop production technologies should be resource conservation, environmentally balanced, and have a pronounced zonal character. Moisture conservation technologies in crop production have great prospects due to the development of new crop rotations with an expanded set of crops.

РАЗВИТИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ БАЗЫ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА В УСЛОВИЯХ ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ САНКЦИЙ

The formation of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring the country’s food security in the current geopolitical conditions is possible only on the basis of strengthening and developing its material and technical base, which over the years of institutional reforms has largely become dependent on imported equipment and technologies. The withdrawal from the Russian market of suppliers of imported agricultural machinery from unfriendly countries, as a result of sanctions imposed by Western countries, provoked an increase in prices for it, which led to a reduction in the provision of basic types of agricultural machinery to agricultural producers. Thus, in 2021, the provision of agricultural organizations in the country with tractors was 3.5 times lower, and with grain harvesters 3.2 times lower than the average for 1980-1990, which indicates a steady downward trend in the provision of agricultural producers with material and technical resources. Domestic machine builders and manufacturers of agricultural machinery are not yet able to ensure the production and supply to the agricultural sector of the required number of high-performance, energy-rich and inexpensive agricultural machines and mechanisms. The current state of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex requires its significant strengthening, which is impossible without adjusting the existing agricultural policy of the state in the direction of allocating significant additional budgetary funds for the development of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex, restoring soil fertility, domestic agricultural engineering, improving selection and seed production , eliminating the disparity in prices for agricultural and industrial goods, ensuring the technological and technical independence of the Russian agro-industrial complex from other countries. It is also necessary to improve the work of regional authorities to strengthen the material and technical base of agricultural units in their regions, to create effective mechanisms for public-private partnerships to improve the efficiency of agricultural producers.

Simulation of Plastic Deformation Failure of Tillage Tools Based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method

The problems of large deformations, failures, and fractures that agricultural tillage tools may encounter during the cultivation process has long been a concern in the field of agricultural machinery design and manufacturing. It is important to establish a more accurate numerical model to effectively predict tools’ plastic deformation failures and ductile fracture failures. This research develops a numerical model for predicting the plastic deformation failure and ductile fracture failure of agricultural tillage tools using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method and the Johnson–Cook constitutive model. The model uses the Drucker–Prager criterion to describe the elastic–plastic constitutive behavior of the soil, the von Mises criterion to describe the Johnson–Cook constitutive model of the tool, and the coupling condition with the Lennard-Jones repulsive force to describe the interaction between the tool and soil. The numerical results show that the proposed model can effectively simulate the interaction between the tool and soil, as well as the tool’s plastic deformation failure and ductile fracture failure during the agricultural cultivation process. It can also predict the variation trend of the cutting force of the tool. This helps to provide a new approach for the numerical simulation of such problems.

General Characteristics of Konya Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Industry

A survey was conducted in this study to determine the general characteristics of the agricultural machinery manufacturing industry in Konya region. For this purpose, 50 enterprises of different scales, which are thought to represent the sector, were determined and these enterprises were included in the study. When the enterprises were evaluated in terms of size, it was determined that 52% of them were small-scale enterprises. Average age of the business owners is 53 years, their sector experience is 35 years and 47% of them are primary school graduates. While a total of 1204 workers are employed in the enterprises participating in this study, there is an average of 24.5 workers per enterprise. Of the total personnel, 78.3% consisted of workers, followed by engineers with an average of 5.5%, accountants with 5.3%, marketers with 5% and technicians with 4%. Only 38% of the enterprises cooperate with institutions such as KOSGEB and TUBITAK for their R&D activities and receive consultancy from the universities. Present findings shed light on the developments in the sector as well as understanding the situation of agricultural machinery manufacturing industry enterprises in the region.

Made in Africa – How to make local agricultural machinery manufacturing thrive

AbstractManufacturing has the potential to drive economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction, but African manufacturers face challenges in competing with global markets. Agricultural machinery manufacturing may be one niche where African manufacturers can succeed. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities facing local agricultural manufacturers in Africa based on a survey of 386 manufacturers in four countries and qualitative methods. Results show that small, dedicated entrepreneurs have created vibrant local machinery markets. These manufacturers have several comparative advantages, in particular, the ability to develop machinery adapted to local agroecological conditions but face challenges related to financing, human resources, utilities, raw materials, production equipment and the regulatory environment. The paper offers recommendations on how to support local manufacturers to make “Made in Africa” the first choice for African farmers and agro‐food processors.

Effect of Welding Process Parameters on the Strength of Dissimilar Joints of S355 and Strenx 700 Steels Used in the Manufacture of Agricultural Machinery

The paper evaluates the possibility of using dissimilar materials joined by welding technology in the construction of agricultural machinery. The desire to design larger and more efficient structures requires designers to combine materials with different mechanical and structural properties. In such a case, it is very important to properly select welding parameters so that, on the one hand, the quality of the joint meets the standard requirements, and on the other, the welding process is not too energy-intensive. In this paper, overlay joints connecting S355 steel with Strenx 700 steel were analyzed in terms of strength for three different values of welding parameters and different thicknesses. The starting point was the reference parameters recommended by the company’s welding technologists, which were reduced by 10 and 20% according to the linear welding energy. The study compared the strength, ductility and macrostructure of the joints, as well as the energy intensity of the process. The proposed dissimilar joints achieved approximately a 10% increase in the strength limit of the components in comparison to the previously recommended welding parameters. Additionally, finite element analysis calculations of the improved designs showed significant weight reduction (up to 40%) for the relevant agricultural machinery components.

Development of a system for testing electronic control units of agricultural machinery

Modern agricultural vehicles contain a large number of components, which include microcontrollers that implement various algorithms, so deviations and inaccuracies in their work naturally lead to failures and errors in the system as a whole. At the moment, manufacturers of agricultural machinery have in their arsenal relatively simple systems and testing methods that do not allow for a deep check of algorithms and their electronic components, so the development of a comprehensive system for testing electronic components is an urgent task. The article describes the development and operation of a testing system for setting up, testing and debugging the logic of the operation of existing and future (under development) electronic units, including control units from the on-board control system of agricultural machinery. In the process of work, methods of computer modeling, programming and software packages FreeCAD, CAD KOMPAS-3D v21 and SW4STM32 were used. The programming languages Python 3 and C/C++ were used to write the code. The result of the study is the development of a methodology and the manufacture of a prototype testing system (software and hardware complex), the practical use of which has shown its versatility and versatility. The developed system makes it possible to implement an analysis of the response of the control system to pre-designed test effects, to diagnose defects, breakdowns and malfunctions of the device, both in normal and emergency operating conditions. The system also allows you to simulate the emergency conditions of agricultural machinery and check the stability of the control device in limiting and emergency modes.

Production as a link in the market of agricultural machinery for crop farming in Ukraine

The production of agricultural machinery and equipment in Ukraine is one of the main sources of supplying the market with resources and facilities for agricultural production, but as of 2023, it does not fully meet its needs. According to the relevance of the subject matter, the purpose of the study was to investigate the trends in the development of the agricultural engineering industry in Ukraine in dynamics, the impact of military operations on it, and to work out effective ways to overcome their negative consequences. The following methods were used: dialectical, statistical and economic, graphical, index, correlation and regression analysis, empirical, comparative analysis, analytical forecasting, abstract logical, etc. The principles of regional placement of agricultural engineering enterprises are defined, depending on the availability of raw materials, energy and labour resources. The structure of enterprises in the industry by category is determined – most of them are small enterprises (85.8-91.5%), but the majority are employed by medium-sized enterprises (59.1-79.3%). Due to military operations, the number of active enterprises in the industry has decreased by about 30 units. The trend of reducing the production of tractors, combine harvesters, and some types of tillage machines in Ukraine and the reasons for its occurrence are revealed. The prospects of production of sowing equipment in Ukraine are substantiated. The index of identified comparative advantages of different countries by individual types of machinery is analysed, and it is found that in Ukraine only tillage machinery has a high level of advantages – 1.802 and has optimistic prospects for development. The paper defines a close correlation between the export and production of tractors in Ukraine in 2010-2021 (the corresponding correlation coefficient – 0.8982). Problems that hinder the development of the agricultural machinery industry are identified: inflation, disruption of logistics links and loss of suppliers, high prices for energy resources, etc. Recommendations for overcoming them are proposed: creating favourable investment conditions; implementing protectionist customs and tax policies for industry enterprises; evacuating them from the war zone. The proposed measures will contribute to the restoration, preservation, and progressive innovative development of the potential of agricultural engineering un Ukraine

Export competitiveness of Türkiye's agricultural machinery and equipment sector

The aim of the study is to determine the competitiveness of Turkey’s agricultural machinery and equipment sector. Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) approach was used in the period 2002-2021 by using International Trade Center database. Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage RCA2 Index for 39 agricultural machinery and equipment product groups (their sub-product groups of 69, 82, 84, 87) related to Harmonized System 6-digit product classification, Vollrath’s Relative Export Advantage-RXA, Net Export Index-NEI, and Export-Import Rate Index-EIRI indices were calculated. According to the results, while Turkey has a competitive advantage in 13 of the agricultural machinery and equipment product group exports, it has a competitive disadvantage in the other 26 product groups.

Supply of tractors to business subjects in Poltava region. Problems and perspectives

The development of agricultural production, especially its technical support, requires constant improvement and the introduction of advanced models of mechanization. The relevance of the national and economic problem of the quality of material and technical support of agro-industrial production is substantiated. It is claimed that the fore-casting of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the technical condition indirectly affects the technologies used in the fields, in particular in the Poltava region. The results of statistical analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of purchased and registered tractors, which are reflected in the single register for keeping automated rec-ords of tractors of the agricultural machinery registration department of the Main Department of the State Production and Consumer Service in Poltava region for the period from 2018 to 2023, are given. The trends and dynamics of replacing tractors in the region's farms are given and substantiated, and ways of improving the organizational and technical mechanisms for providing tractors to enterprises and individuals of the Poltava region are recommended, taking into account the current challenges caused by the state of war. The organizational, technical and economic mechanisms for updating the tractor fleet of enterprises and private owners - individuals of the Poltava region have been determined. There is a sharp reduction in the dynamics of the number of purchased and registered tractors and tractor equipment in 2022. The beginning of the war led to a sharp reduction of purchased and registered tractors and tractor equipment by more than two times. Studying the dynamics of the ratio of the use of foreign tractors and tractors of domestic production is no less a painful topic for the state. We have a negative trend towards a significant relative increase in the tractor market of the Poltava region of foreign-made tractors and tractor equipment. A situa-tion arose when the number of foreign tractor models in 2022 and most of 2023 exceeded the registration actions for domestically produced tractors by almost three times. The fact that the absence or insufficient number of domestic manufacturers of agricultural machinery, including tractors, leads to export dependence of the market is statistically confirmed. The consequence of this is a significant increase in prices for spare parts and tracts of foreign production

Research on digital production of agricultural machinery based on mathematical modeling

Agricultural production is a basic industry that can make a country thrive, and agricultural machinery can guarantee the efficiency and development of agricultural production. However, at present, agricultural mechanization production in many countries is still facing various problems, so reasonable measures should be taken to improve the current situation. With the rapid development of digital technology today, digitization of agricultural machinery can well solve some existing problems. In order to meet the needs of agriculture, this study uses mathematical modeling technology to discuss the digital production of agricultural machinery. The results show that the optimization of production through mathematical modeling technology can significantly improve the quality of equipment, reduce manufacturing costs, enhance production efficiency, and promote agricultural development.

FORMATION OF FOOD SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The problem of food security in Ukraine today is more urgent than ever. Due to the intervention of the aggressor country in the socio-economic and political processes of Ukraine, the constant displacement of the population within the country and large-scale migration abroad, the destruction of infrastructure and other reasons, there is a negative impact on the production and stability of commodity agriculture and agro-industrial complex, including the impact on production of agricultural machinery and equipment, processing of agricultural raw materials, production of fertilizers, agrochemicals and other materials necessary for agriculture and providing citizens with food in general. The article examines the current problem of food security formation in Ukraine in the context of European integration. The current state of the food security system in the country was analyzed and the main challenges faced by Ukraine in the process of integration with the European Union were revealed. Particular attention is paid to the risks and technical aspects associated with the formation of food security in the context of European integration. The influence of the European integration process on the development of agriculture, in particular, the increase in export opportunities and the use of modern technologies, is considered. Strategies for improving food security in Ukraine through legislative changes and training of relevant specialists are proposed. It is recommended to introduce the effective agricultural methods that would reduce the impact on the environment and contribute to the preservation of the soil fertility, efficient use of water resources, improvement of transport and logistics infrastructure, investment to scientific research, development of scientific and technical development programs, etc. The article highlights the standards and requirements that are relevant in the EU in the formation of food security, and examines their impact on the Ukrainian economic system. The need to adapt national legislation to European standards was considered, and recommendations were made for improving the system of quality control and food safety.

Determinants of eco-innovation in the agricultural machinery sector: the case of small and medium enterprises in the Piedmont region (Italy)

AbstractThe agricultural machinery industry can significantly contribute to a more sustainable farming system through the development of eco-innovative products and production processes. This is particularly true for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which represent a significant share of this market. This study investigated the determinants of attitudes towards eco-innovating products and processes in a sample of small and medium agricultural machinery manufacturers (N = 47) from the Piedmont region (North–West Italy), analysing the role of enterprise’s characteristics, perceived drivers and barriers, and environmental concern. Overall, product eco-innovation was considered important/very important for their firms by 88.3% of the respondents, whereas process eco-innovation by 67.7%. The regression analyses showed that the availability of a formal and hierarchical structure dedicated to Research and Development and of financial support were significantly associated (β = 0.301, p = .032 and β = 0.406, p = .011, respectively) to positive attitudes towards eco-innovating production processes, whereas the lack of know-how was the main obstacle to both product and process eco-innovativeness (β = − 0.564, p = .000 and β= − 0.397, p = .008, respectively). Environmental concern did not show any significant association with firms’ perceived importance to eco-innovate either products (β = 0.097, p = .475) or processes (β = 0.248, p = .087). Implications for the development of interventions aiming at fostering positive attitudes towards eco-innovation among the targeted enterprises are discussed.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЫНКА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИОННОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

With the intensification of sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation, the withdrawal of many manufacturers from the Russian markets, the policy of import substitution has acquired particular importance in the country.
 The purpose of the study is to assess the problems and prospects for the development of the Russian agricultural machinery market in the context of sanctions and import substitution policies, to make proposals for the establishment of domestic production of agricultural machinery.
 The authors of the work studied the market of agricultural machinery in Russia, highlighted its features and analyzed the indicators of its functioning, and also determined the impact of geopolitical instability on it. In addition, the study examined the factors that have a negative impact on the agricultural machinery market, developed and made multi-aspect proposals to accelerate the establishment of domestic production of agricultural machinery.

Искусственный интеллект как часть цифровизации электротранспортного и сельскохозяйственного машиностроения в казахстанском и международном праве в перспективе

Цель настоящего исследования состоит в том, чтобы показать всемирную и внутригосударственную актуальность в современное время такого феноменального явления, как искусственный интеллект. Он, в известной мере, может заменить человека, отвечая человеческой речью в качестве оператора на заданные ему вопросы; выполнять производственные действия на промышленных, машиностроительных заводах; участвовать в производстве электромобильных, беспилотных автомобилей и сельскохозяйственной техники; водить беспилотные автомашины, трактора, комбайны. Искусственный интеллект уже внедряется в производственные процессы заводов транспортного и сельскохозяйственного машиностроения Республики Казахстан. В перспективе технологии искусственного интеллекта будут использоваться в большом объеме во всех сферах общественной жизни Казахстана, в том числе во всех отраслях машиностроения. Внедрению этих технологий в нашей стране будут содействовать предлагаемые и анализируемые авторами законодательные акты Республики Казахстан. Кроме того, этому же процессу будут способствовать международные и международно-правовые документы (в том числе предлагаемые авторами) по вопросам использования и развития искусственного интеллекта. В настоящей статье раскрыты преимущества искусственного интеллекта, показана его полезность для людей, стран, мирового сообщества и предложены способы ограничения механизмов искусственного интеллекта в случае выхода их из-под контроля человека.

Application of digital design technology in the design of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment

Abstract Today, China has become the world’s largest agricultural machinery and equipment countries and the use of countries, agricultural machinery industry for more than a decade to maintain high growth, along with three revolutionary changes in agricultural technology, has initially ushered in the development of artificial intelligence stage. At present, relative to the weak foundation of China’s agricultural machinery standardization work and the requirements of high integration of technology and multidisciplinary integration of artificial intelligence, there are bottlenecks that constrain the problem. This paper makes a directional discussion on the direction of standardization breakthrough through the analysis of digital design technology and typical applications at home and abroad, the analysis of standard transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and the analysis of current problems. Aiming at technical standards development, implementation, and improvement to promote technological innovation, application, and improvement of intelligent manufacturing of agricultural machinery products. So that scientific and technological innovation continues to enhance the level of technical standards, technical standards continue to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Technical standards and intelligent agricultural machinery lend each other in international competition and become a strategic means to participate in international cooperation and competition. Accelerate the transformation of the old and new dynamics of the agricultural mechanization industry, and realize the standardization and internationalization of the intelligent agricultural mechanization industry.

Performance Test of Solar Power Plant as a Source of Electricity in Mini Greenhouse

The potential of solar energy in an area is very dependent on the position between the sun and the position of the region on the earth’s surface. Greenhouse is house plant with environment plant that can controlled through devices electronics. The power electricity is needed for lights, water pumps, and another electronic component. This study aims to test the performance of solar panels as a source of electricity in a mini greenhouse and to determine how long it takes to charge the battery. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Machinery Production Management, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Andalas University. The result of this result is system mini greenhouse that consist of 2 solar panels type monocrystalline 100 Wp, Solar Charge Controller MPPT type, Inverter, Accu VRLA, cable, switch. Power generation results Sun this produce 2 outputs or output, i.e. tension and strength current. Tension and strong generated current fluctuate. This thing caused no stable intensity the sun at the moment testing field done. From use burden lamp of 20 watts obtained voltage Accu starting 12.87 V. From testing charging Accu who have conducted needed 8 hours for charging with voltage 13V.