Agricultural Lime Research Articles

Analysis of Soil Bacterial Diversity from Tropical Rainforest and Oil Palm Plantation In Jambi, Indonesia by 16S rRNA-DGGE Profiles

Oil palm plantations are the most invasive land use changes in Southeast Asia. It must have affected unique natural biodiversity. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of soil bacteria based on 16S rRNA gene profiles from tropical forest and oil palm plantation in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Soil sample was taken from tropical forest and oil palm plantation from Jambi province, Indonesia. The forest site is in Bukit Duabelas National Park, and the nearby oil palm plantation is in Sarolangun District, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The diversity of bacterial communities from topsoil was studied using Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene and common biodiversity indices. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene was successfully conducted primers-using 33F/ 518R primers. Phylogenetic approach was used for revealing the community shift of bacterial phyla and genera in both areas. Phylogenetic analysis showed there were 4 phyla of bacteria i.e., Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, respectively. Actinobacteria was the most dominant group in both areas. The composition of soil bacterial community in the oil palm plantation, based on total number of bands 16S rRNA generated from DGGE was richer than that in the Bukit Dua Belas National Park. It was probably caused by plantation year circle more than 10 years and routine activities during the plantation management, such as applications of agricultural lime, herbicide and fertilizer.

Effects of wood ash on physicochemical and morphological characteristics of sludge-derived hydrochar pellets relevant to soil and energy applications

Hydrochar is produced through a process called hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and constitutes a carbon-rich solid material with different remarkable applications. This study investigated the effects of wood ash on the physicochemical and morphological properties of biosludge-derived hydrochar in pelleted form relevant to the use of the pellets as a soil nutritional and liming agent and as a biofuel source. The hydrochar was mechanically compressed into uniformly-sized pellets under applied pressures of 4 and 8 kN after blending with varying percentages of wood ash in the order 0, 20 and 50%. The pure and blended pellets were characterized to determine the impact of wood ash on key properties, correlated to the two applications mentioned above. Results demonstrated a strong relationship between key features of the pellets and ash proportion. The wood ash-blended hydrochar pellets showed good hydrophobicity as a consequence of increased contents of alkali and alkaline earth metals, but were low in aromatic functional groups compared to the pure hydrochar pellet. Furthermore, the heating value of the pure hydrochar pellet was about 4% higher than that of its parent material and indicates that this pellet has the capacity to serve as a source of energy. The study generally reveals that blending hydrochar produced from biosludge under HTC conditions with up to 20%–50% of wood ash and mechanically compressing into homogeneous pellets has promising potential for a nutrient-rich material that can enhance soil fertility.

PEMANFAATAN LAHAN TANAMAN CABAI BAGI UMKM DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN DI AMBARAWANG DARAT, KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA, KALIMANRAN TIMUR

Due to its high economic value, chili (Capsicum annum L.) horticultural commodities are in great demand. As the population and industry increase, the need for chili as a raw material also increases, as does the need for chili every year. In Jember Regency, red chili productivity is also low, only 87.68 quintals hectare-1. Several factors cause fluctuations in red chili production in the Kutai Kartanegara region, including unfavorable environments such as low soil fertility, high pest attacks, and excessive use of pesticides. As a result, agricultural development is needed to meet food needs and expand export opportunities to neighboring countries. Secondary data derived from land unit maps provide the parameters observed in this study. Setting the spacing, applying organic matter, agricultural lime, fertilizing phosphorus (P), as well as cutting and backfilling the soil with a mound or bench terrace system to reduce soil erosion are corrective steps to increase the land suitability class. Secondary data includes soil drainage, soil depth in cm, slope associated with erosion, elevation, waterlogging, and soil cation exchange capacity.

EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN PADI SAWAH DI DESA TANJUNG KUBAH KECAMATAN AIR PUTIH

Evaluation of land suitability is very important to get agricultural crop commodities that can produce optimally. This study aims to evaluate and determine the actual and potential suitability classes as well as the efforts that can be made to improve the rice plant (Oryza sativa L.). The research was carried out from April to June 2021 at the location of 3⁰18'33.20” North Latitude and 99⁰23'2.26 East Longitude. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the suitability of the land and the improvement efforts that need to be made for the development of lowland rice plants. The analysis method uses matching data (matching field data). Determination of research location based on land map units (SPL) 1, SPL 2, SPL 3, SPL 4 and SPL 5, soil sampling was carried out at a depth of 0 to 30 cm, soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The results of the study found that the suitability class for lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) was included in the appropriate class (S2) with the limiting factor for nutrient retention (nr), efforts were made to improve it by giving agricultural lime and fertilizing N, P and K so that the suitability class land can be upgraded to a potential land class (S1).

A Preliminary Investigation into the use of Biochar as a Liming Agent

This research sought to investigate the effectiveness of biochar to ameliorate light-textured soils to the extent of providing favourable conditions for the production of cowpeas. The experiment was carried out as a pot study and was arranged in a completely randomized design.

Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Bahan Baku Pupuk Kapur Pertanian Dengan Menggunakan Metode Material Requirement Planning Pada PT. Galatta Lestarindo Di Kecamatan Pancur Batu

PT. Galatta Lestarindo is one of the industrial companies that process agricultural lime fertilizer (calcium carbonate) with limestone as raw material. The purpose of this research is to analyze the raw material inventory control system used by using the MRP (Material Requirement Planning) method in the fertilizer industry of PT. Gallata Lestarindo. The analytical method used is MRP (Material Requirements Planning) analysis. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the EOQ technique is able to save inventory costs of Rp. 348,314,000 (26.7%) compared to the inventory method carried out by the company in 2020. It can be concluded that this MRP method can be used and applied by companies in planning and controlling on the inventory of raw materials used to obtain efficient inventory costs.

Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivation: Physico-Chemical Characteristics of a Robust Pre-Blocks Oyster Mushroom Substrate with Absorptive Starch Binders

An alternative way of preparing a newly robust and low fragility of the Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) cultivation media is needed as this major problem occurred during harvesting and recyclability. Thus, the cultivation of P. ostreatus mushroom in the form of robust blocks bound together with starch using different tapioca flour binder concentration of 5%, 10% and 25% (w/v) was evaluated for cultivation method development. How mushroom block binder material affects the biological efficiency (BE) and its vegetative growth on newly robust media were identified. The optimized composition of the conventional mushroom substrate has been prepared as a benchmark with the ratio of 100: 10: 1 to residual sawdust, agricultural rice bran and agricultural lime prior to binder mixing. Mushroom BE from bag cultivation methods had been used as a control, which produced lower BE (13%, w/w) than the blocks with a binder (ranging from 18 to 29%, w/w) (p<0.05). The mushroom block with a concentration of 25% (w/v) tapioca flour was found to have a higher bulk density with an average value of 0.87 g/cm3 as compared to the mushroom blocks of 10% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) tapioca flour (p<0.05). The highest water absorption was obtained in the block with 5% (w/v) tapioca flour with a value of 300.18% (w/w) on a dry basis. In terms of compressive strength, the substrate of the mushroom block from 25% (w/v) tapioca flour had the highest value with 0.022 N/mm2. The pH value of the substrate before seeding was between 8 and 9 whereas post-seeding value was measured at 4 to 6. The physico-chemical analysis of density, water absorption, compressive strength test, pH and colour values exhibited a good and ideal micro-environment growth of the mushroom. Some nutritional deficiencies in the pre-blocks were observed through imperatively acceptable as compared to the compressed substrate in polypropylene bags (PP). The pre-block formulations with 5% (w/v) and 25% (w/v) tapioca flour conceive good potential and potency in producing high BE of P. ostreatus without compromising its nutritional health benefits.

Effects of coffee husk and cocoa pods biochar on the chemical properties of an acid soil from West Cameroon

ABSTRACT Evaluation of liming and fertility properties of biochar on acid soil was studied in this work. Selected soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable acidity (Ex Ac), exchangeable Al (Ex Al), exchangeable Fe (Ex Fe), available P and, soil organic carbon (SOC) were examined under the effect of biochar amendments. The acid soil was treated with biochar issued from coffee husk (CH) and cocoa pods (CP) pyrolyzed at 350°C and 550°C for 4 hours at amendment rate of 0, 20, 40 and 80 g kg−1 and an incubation time of 7, 14, 30, 40 and 60 d. Biochar amendments significantly increased soil pH, soil EC with respect to control and decrease in exchangeable acidity was observed. Results show that biochar improved available P in acid soil, though re-adsorption occurred with increasing incubation time. A significant increase in SOC is observed as compared to control. The impact of biochar on these acid soil chemical properties is due to the properties which are dependent on the biochar type and pyrolysis temperature. Thus, biochar can play the dual role of a liming agent and a source of P fertilizer nutrients.

Application of Steel Slag for Degraded Land Remediation

Land degradation, and especially acidification, are global issues that need to be addressed. A common practice to correct this problem is the use of lime or chemical fertilisers that involve the extraction of raw materials. This study proposes a more sustainable alternative using Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag. BOF slag is the main waste from the steel industry that is usually accumulated in landfills, which also implies environmental impacts. In this study, a series of laboratory tests have been carried out to analyse the feasibility of using BOF slag for the reclamation of degraded land. For soil acidification, BOF slag will be analysed as a liming agent. On the other hand, the benefits slag can provide as a nutrient source will be tested. As an added value, pre-treated and untreated slag will be compared. The results of these short-time experiments show how BOF slag could be a sustainable alternative as liming agent and amendment. Its use increased the levels of some micro and macronutrients available for plant growth and improved soil quality. It could, therefore, be a sustainable management practice that makes an important contribution to the circular economy.

Studies on the Possibilities of Processing Buckwheat Husks and Ash in the Production of Environmentally Friendly Fertilizers

The sustainable utilization of different food waste and other products is one of the challenges of the European Green Course. Buckwheat has major potential as a food ingredient; however, processing buckwheat into food products generates a large amount of solid waste that needs to be sustainably disposed of. The by-products that come from the processing of the buckwheat contain high contents of carbon and hydrogen and can be used as raw materials for the production of granular biofuels. This work proposes and explores the potential of a different route of buckwheat husk ash utilization. Chemical analysis of the buckwheat husk ash (BHA) and uncleaned buckwheat husks (UBH) showed significant amounts of primary and secondary nutrients (0.28 ± 0.06%–5.84 ± 0.43% P2O5; 4.56 ± 0.46%–38.63 ± 1.82% K2O; 0.09 ± 0.01%–12.18 ± 0.38% CaO and 0.47 ± 0.08%–3.56 ± 0.18% MgO) as well as micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe) and carbon (29.53 ± 0.50%–54.35 ± 0.58% C). It has been determined that granular biofertilizers can be produced by using drum granulators from the mixture of raw materials in an 80–20% BHA, 20–80% UBH, and 10% polyvinyl acetate (PVA) solution. However, when more than 20% of the UBH is present in the raw material mixture, the humidity of granules is high (more than 6%), and bulk density is low (less than 450 kg/m3). The pH values of 10% solution of the produced granules range from 12.0 to 9.7; thus, the fertilizers can act as a liming agent, which can be recommended for acid soils. This suggests a potential for a cradle-to-cradle type of regenerative engineering process design, where the end product of buckwheat processing—buckwheat husk ash and untreated buckwheat husks—can be returned back to the soil to replenish the nutrients, resulting in an overall sustainable process.

OPTIMASI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN BERDASARKAN KELAS KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN CABAI MERAH DI KABUPATEN JEMBER

Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is a horticulture comodities that high demand because it has a high economic value. The demand of Chilli increase every year as the population grows and the industry grows which requires Chilli as raw materials. The productivity of red chili in Jember Regency is also low, which is only 87.68 quintals hectare-1. Fluctuations in red chili production that occurred in the Jember area were caused by several things including an unsupportive environment such as declining soil fertility, high pest attacks, and excessive use of pesticides. Therefore there is a need for agricultural development in order to be able to meet food needs and increase export opportunities to neighboring countries. The parameters observed in this study were secondary data from the soil unit map. The secondary data referred to are soil drainage, soil depth in cm, slope related to erosion, altitude, standing water, soil cation exchange capacity, and soil pH. The improvement efforts made to improve the land suitability class is by setting the spacing, giving organic matter, agricultural lime, P fertilization, cutting and filling the land with a mound terrace system or bench terrace to reduce soil erosion.

Effect of Applying Low Rates of Agricultural Lime and Chicken Manure on Selected Soil Properties on <i>Ferralsols</i> of Lake Victoria Agro-Ecological Zone, Uganda

Ferralsols form a dominant type of soil on which most crops are grown in the Lake Victoria agro-ecological zone. Soil acidity has been recognized among the most important agricultural problems in such soils, which adversely affect crop production and productivity. A study was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of applying low rates of lime and chicken manure on selected soil chemical properties. Using a Split Plot Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, agricultural lime (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 & 2.0 t·ha-1) as the main plot and chicken manure (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 & 3.0 t·ha-1) as sub-plot were applied, replicated three times. The test crop was common bean var. NABE 15. The experiment was conducted for three rainy seasons, two seasons on-station and one season on-farm on Ferralsol soil in the Lake Victoria crescent of central Uganda. The results showed that applying low rates of lime with chicken manure significantly (p 2 = 0.987) relationship with pH change was obtained when 0.5 t·ha-1 lime was applied with the four chicken manure rates in Mukono. From the study, we recommend the application of small quantities of lime at 1.0 t·ha-1 with either 2.0 or 3.0 t·ha-1 chicken manure.

Combined Use of Blended NPS Fertilizer with Agricultural Lime Enhanced Maize Productivity on Acidic Soils of Southwest Ethiopia

Combined Use of Blended NPS Fertilizer with Agricultural Lime Enhanced Maize Productivity on Acidic Soils of Southwest Ethiopia

Periphyton Technology Enhances Growth Performance and Delays Prolific Breeding of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Juveniles

This study evaluated the effect of periphyton technology (PPT) on the growth performance and breeding schedule of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) juveniles. Six ponds, each measuring 81 m2 were used for the study. The ponds were applied with agricultural lime at a rate of 4 g.m-2, and fertilised using chicken manure to facilitate primary productivity. The PPT ponds were fitted with two-metre-long eucalyptus poles of 5 cm diameter placed at 50 cm intervals with the regular addition of molasses as a carbon source. Tilapia juveniles were stocked at a density of 3 fish.m-2 in all ponds and fed on a commercial diet of 20 % crude protein (CP) twice daily at 3 % body weight. Fish were sampled weekly for growth and survival data and bi-weekly for fecundity estimates. The PPT-ponds registered significantly higher survival rate (97.50 ± 0.35 %), mean weight (150.69 ± 0.99 g), specific growth rate (SGR) (2.75 ± 0.01), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.29 ± 0.01), than the control ponds, which registered survival (91.15 ± 0.88 %), mean weight (99.23 ± 0.96 g), SGR (2.29 ± 0.00), and FCR (1.58 ± 0.01). There was significantly higher fecundity in the PPT-ponds (2.28 ± 0.09 g.fish-1) than control (1.74 ± 0.06 g.fish-1), with prolific spawning starting 4 weeks earlier in the control ponds than in the PPT-ponds. This study demonstrated the potential of PPT for enhancing tilapia growth while delaying prolific breeding behaviour. Further studies should explore PPT in replacing synthetic hormones for sex-reversal of tilapia fry in hatcheries.

Land Suitability Mapping for Optimum Soybean Production in Konshisha Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria.

Land suitability mapping is a pre-requisite for optimum crop production and sustainable use of the land to provide food security. Soya bean is one of the most valuable food and cash crops produced in Konshisha LGA, Benue State, Nigeria. However, the production is constrained by low yield. Thus, the aim of this study is to map land suitable for optimum and sustainable soya bean production in the study area. As an effort toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of eradicating hunger by 2030. Multi spectral satellite imageries from Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager, Climate Research Unit (CRU), National Aeronautical Space Agency’s (NASA) Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and ORLN DAAC soil data were collected using remote sensing and GIS techniques for Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). GIS analysis and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) were carried out. Result of the multi criteria evaluation shows that climate, slope, land use land cover, and available phosphorus are favorable factors, while soil organic carbon, pH and drainage are limiting factors. The result of the overall suitability mapping shows that 30.4% of the land is highly suitable (S1), 69.5% moderately suitable (S2), and 0.1% marginally suitable (S3) for soya bean production in the study area. Based on the findings, the study concluded that low soil organic carbon, pH and poor soil drainage are the main land limiting factors for optimum soya bean production. Therefore, the study recommends application of mixed organic and inorganic fertilizers, agricultural lime, composite manure, agro-forestry, crop rotation, creation of open deep drains and channelization as supplement of the limiting factors for optimum soya bean production in the study area.

The effect of sulphur and lime dosage application on grain yield of hybrid maize

The preparation of the Method for Determining Fertilizer S Recommendations for Maize based on Soil Analysis and Yield has been carried out at the Bontobili Installation, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, from February 2020 to May 2020. The purpose of this experiment is to find out S fertilizer recommendations based on soil analysis. The pH of the study site was <6.5, and to make a difference in soil pH, it was incubated with lime 2 t/ha to raise the pH to neutral and 4 t/ha to obtain a pH >7.5. For each soil pH condition treatment was made using a split plot group design. The main plots were given agricultural lime at a rate of 0, 200kg/ha, 400 kg/ha and 600 kg/ha.. While the sub-plots were fertilized with S, namely: 0.20,40,60,80, kg S with 3 (three) replications. All treatments will be fertilized with N and P based on soil analysis. The highest yield was obtained with lime and S fertilizer at the dose of K3S60 (600 kg/ha lime and 60 t/ha S fertilizer) showing the highest yield of 10.81 t/ha and not significantly different from the K3S80 treatment (600 t/ha lime). and fertilizer S 80 kg/ha) which is 10.64 t/ha.

Measurement of Physicochemical Properties, Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Wood Ash for Effective Soil Amendment

The ability of the soil to regulate heat energy is important for plant growth, soil texture and strength. Many agricultural soils are acidic in nature which tends to limit plant growth and microbial activity. Aside from agricultural lime, wood ash is used to amend physical and physicochemical properties of the soil. To maintain the soil hydraulic and physicochemical properties and to increase plant yield, it is important to know the physicochemical and physical properties of the ash used. The physiochemical and physical properties vary across various plant species. Ash samples from seven different plants were used for this study. The Horiba metre was used to measure the electrical conductivity, pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and salinity of the samples, while the Lees Disc apparatus was used to measure the thermal conductivity of the samples. The study revealed that moringa olieferra ash has the highest salinity, TDS and Electrical conductivity, while azadichta indica and tiobroma cacoa have least pH. Also, Kyah seleelygalisis and azadichta indica had the highest and lowest thermal conductivity respectively.

A spatial analysis of lime resources and their potential for improving soil magnesium concentrations and pH in grassland areas of England and Wales

Magnesium (Mg) is essential for animal health. Low Mg status (hypomagnesaemia) can be potentially fatal in ruminants, like cattle and sheep, and is widespread in Europe with economic impacts on farming. The application of Mg-rich agricultural lime products can help to ensure pasture forage consumed by animals contains sufficient Mg and, in areas of low pH, has the dual benefit of reducing soil acidity to levels best suited for grass production. This aim of this study was to determine if Mg-rich lime products could be used in a more effective manner in agricultural production systems. Potential resources of carbonate rocks (limestone, dolostone and chalk) in the UK, and their Mg:Ca status were identified, using datasets from the British Geological Survey (BGS). These data were combined with the locations of agricultural lime quarries, and areas where soils are likely to be deficient in Mg and/or require liming. Areas of potential demand for Mg-rich agricultural lime include areas in south east Wales, the Midlands and North East England. Although, areas where this may be an effective solution to low soil Mg values are restricted by the availability of suitable products. Conversely, areas of low soil pH in England and Wales are often found close to quarries with the ability to supply high Ca limes, suggesting that the low rates of lime use and liming is not due to supply factors. This study provides information that can help to guide on-farm decision making for use of Mg-rich and other lime resources. This could be used in conjunction with other options to reduce risks of Mg deficiency in livestock, and improve soil pH.

Calculation of spatially explicit amounts and intervals of agricultural lime applications at county-level in China

Liming is a long-established and widely used agricultural practice to ameliorate soil acidity and improve crop production. Sustainable liming strategies for regional applications require information on both lime requirements and liming intervals given land use and soil dependent acidification rates. We developed a method to optimize lime requirements and liming intervals at regional level. Lime requirements were based on soil pH buffering capacity and liming intervals were estimated by ongoing soil acidity production, derived from major cations and anions balances in cropland systems. About 66% of croplands in Qiyang required liming to raise soil pH to 6.5, with a total lime requirement of 2.4 × 105 t CaCO3, with an average rate of 2.4 t ha−1 for paddy soils and 2.6 t ha−1 for upland soils. The remaining 34% were mainly calcareous soils. Nutrient management practices and crop rotations, affecting N transformation and crop removal, were the main drivers controlling the spatial variation in total acid production in non-calcareous soils, on average contributing 73% and 25%, respectively. Under current soil acidification rates, 33% of Qiyang's croplands would need liming within 30 years after raising the soil pH to 6.5. Averaged liming interval was 20 years, and 6.8 t ha−1 would be required to maintain soil pH ranges between 5.5 and 6.5. Areas with high soil acidification risk were mostly located in the southeast of Qiyang.

Soil quality and its implication for brackishwater pond soil management option in East Java Province, Indonesia

East Java Province has a vast area for brackishwater pond culture, but its pond production is still low, one of the reasons is that soil management is not optimal. This study was conducted in brackishwater ponds in Sidoarjo Regency and used the previous data from the Tuban, Gresik, Lamongan, Pasuruan, and Probolinggo Regencies to obtain information about pond soil quality and offer the option of pond soil management. The variable of soil quality measured and analyzed in this study included: pH, macronutrients, micronutrients, and texture. Before data were descriptively analyzed, data analysis was previously done to detect outlier. The result of the study showed that pond soil in East Java Province belonged to volcanic soil which is characterized by neutral pH soil yet slightly acid at certain places in Pasuruan and Probolinggo Regencies, relatively low N and C content, and relatively high PO4 content and C: N ratio. Microelement content, such as Al and Fe is relatively low. Soil texture is relatively varied but generally classified as coarse. The soil management option offered is liming with agricultural lime at a dose up to 1,500 kg/ha and application of urea fertilizer at the dose of 100-150 kg/ha. The use of PO4 solubilizing bacteria is recommended to increase PO4 availability in pond soil, followed by the application of SP-35 fertilizer at the dose of 75-100 kg/ha. The use of organic fertilizer up to 2,500 kg/ha could increase organic C content and improve the soil structure of brackishwater pond, particularly in Sidoarjo, Tuban, and Probolinggo Regencies.