Agricultural Factories Research Articles

Mn4+-activated red pc-LED for precisely matching the spectral absorption and circadian rhythm of photoreceptor toward promoting crop growth

Phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED) technology, as artificial lighting source, is the most promising option for providing power for plant growth in future smart agricultural factories. However, developing red phosphors with the desired emission spectral range and good thermal stability is still experimental. In this study, an Mn4+-doped BaZrGe3O9 red-emitting phosphor with remarkable thermal stability is reported. The red emission, spanning the wavelength range of 600–800 nm, matches the absorption range of chlorophyll a, b and phytochrome (Pr). Its good thermal stability at 150 °C is in addition to its emission intensity, which is 81.7 % of its room-temperature intensity. Co-doping with Ca2+ contributes to a 1.7-fold increase in the red emission intensity at room temperature. The encapsulation of the present phosphor onto UV LED chips produces red emitting LED devices, which can be used for garlic and corn cultivation. The implementation reveals that the six-hour artificial red light illumination supplement is the most effective and significant means to promote garlic and corn growth. The as-obtained red-emitting phosphor may be a promising candidate for pc-LEDs promotion of crop growth in agricultural factories.

Newly-isolated hydrogen-producing bacteria and biohydrogen production by Bacillus coagulans MO11 and Clostridium beijerinckii CN on molasses and agricultural wastewater

Biohydrogen is one of the most potential alternative fuels for the future. Among various substances from agricultural factory waste, molasses and wastewater from ethanol distillation plants are the main focus of this study. To overcome the limitation of bio-H2 production, the direct screening of waste substrates for an efficient producer using co-culture free technique is an interesting choice. Competent species with H2-producing ability and valuable volatile acid such as acetic acid were selected. Several bacteria were isolated and had their species identified by microbial 16SrDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Likelihood method. Bacillus coaglulans, B. circulans, Sporolactobacillus inulinus, Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus acidilactici, Paenibacillus thermophilus, Chronobacter sakazaki and Clostridium beijerinckii were found in both reducing-sugar rich waste and wastewater. For bio-H2 application in this criteria, potent natural hydrogen producer B. coagulans MO11 and C. beijerinckii CN were picked to test the growth ability on different substrates (carbon-dioxide, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-glucose, d-fructose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, starch and others). Wastewater from sugarcane factories and other agricultural factories in Thailand were tested for physical and biochemical characteristics which would make them suitable renewable substrates. Among all, Bacillus coagulans MO11 could produce hydrogen gas using molasses and ethanol refinery wastewater effectively (1.634 molH2/mol hexose) as detected by Drager tube, which was the maximum yield in this study. In comparison, the experiment performed by using B. coagulans MO11 and C. beijerinckii CN fed with 40X diluted molasses wastewater showed better production of H2 gas in Clostridium beijerinckii CN during the final 72-hr gas collection (79 mL/L and 125 mL/L respectively). The results pointed in the same direction when replacing 40X diluted molasses with 5X diluted refinery wastewater supplemented with trace elements.

Biochemical parameters and dynamics of weight of calves depending on the mother's feeding during the interlactation period

The results of changes in the biochemical parameters of blood serum and live weight of calves when feeding dry cows with various diets are presented. The experiment was carried out on 30 cows of the Holstein breed and calves obtained from them, contained in the agricultural factory “Plemzavod im. Lenin» Atninsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Laboratory studies were performed at the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. It was found that the use of experimental premixes in the diet of dry cows in combination with propylene glycol during the dry period promotes the birth of young animals with a greater live weight (28.54 ... 28.63 kg) compared to control animals and allows them to maintain higher growth rates further (gross increase of 58.31 ... 62.41%). In animals of the indicated groups, by the 90th day of life, the content of urea nitrogen in blood serum increases significantly (in individuals of group II by 44.16% (p <0.05)), triglycerides (in animals of group III by 183.33% (p <0.05)), total calcium (in calves of group II, the content of the studied parameter was significantly higher than in animals of group III by 18.75% (p <0.05)), aspartate aminotransferase (in animals of group II by 29.08 % (p <0.01)), and in animals of the control group - only albumin (by 24.55% (p <0.05). On the 60th day of life, individuals of group III have significantly higher than control animals total protein and alanine aminotronsferase in blood serum, and on the 90th day of life, calves of group II are characterized by a significantly higher content of total calcium, compared with individuals of group III.

О НЕКОТОРЫХ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТЯХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА СЕКРЕТА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ КОРОВ

Studies have shown the effect on the physical and chemical parameters of beestings and milk of metabolic correctors used by animals in accordance with the scheme developed by the authors. The experiment was carried out on 30 cows of the Holstein breed contained in the agricultural factory “Plemzavod im. Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The content of the mass fraction of fat, the mass fraction of protein in beestings and milk was determined on “Laktan 1-4” milk quality analyzer, the content of trace elements in milk was determined on “Analist 200” atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to the manufacturer’s method. The use of vitamin-mineral premix P60-3/P in the final 15 days of the dry period in combination with metabolic correctors is accompanied by a maximum content of protein mass fraction in beestings (6.0%), and an increase in the use of this premix to the entire duration of the dry period allows increasing the mass the proportion of fat in beestings is up to 5.41%, however, these changes were not reliable. A significant decrease in the mass fraction of protein in the milk of cows of the control group (P <0.05) and a significant increase in the mass fraction of fat in animals of the third group to 4.13% (P <0.05) on the 30th day of lactation were found. On day 30 of lactation, a significant increase in the content of copper and selenium in the milk of individuals of the second (66.2% (P <0.01) and 65.2% (P <0.05), respectively) and the third (67.2% (respectively P <0.001) and 73.0% (P <0.01)) groups. On the 60th day of lactation in animals of the first group, the increase in the zinc content in milk was reliable and amounted to 6.9% (P <0.05). In cows of the second and third groups, the copper content was significantly higher than in animals of the first group by 60.3% (P <0.01) and 62.6% (P <0.01), respectively. In individuals of the third group, the selenium content was significantly higher than in animals of the first (control) group by 94.2% (P <0.01). This article was prepared as part of the state task AAAA-A18-118031390148-1.

Сучасний стан галузі рослинництва в Україні

The purpose. To study basic trends of development of branch of plant growing and state-of-the-art of security of population with main products of feed. Methods. Monographic, analytical generalizations, balance, statistical comparison, mechanically-calculated, graphical, etc. Results. It is established that Vinnytsia, Poltava and Kyiv areas became the leaders in production of plant growing in 2018 in Ukraine. Agricultural factories manufacture 62,8% of products. The most negative dynamics on indexes of production is observed for sugar beet, fruit and berry crops. Low level of incomes of population is one of principal causes of irrational feed. Presence of inflationary-devaluation processes, moderate rise in prices on products of plant growing without significant oscillations and stability of demand are observed. The largest partners in trade among the EU countries are Germany, Poland, Italy, the Netherlands, Hungary. Cereal crops, seeds and fruits of oil plants, edible fruits and walnuts occupy TOP-3 in export of products of plant growing to the EU countries — 3,5 billion hrn (95,7%). Conclusions. Sunflower, fruit and berry may be outlined among other crops on indexes of production, consumption, sale. Ukraine is the world leader on total yields of sunflower. Dynamical growth of all indexes of its production is observed. Because of high capital intensity of branch of gardening, low material security of population fruit growing is characterized by the most unsatisfactory level of production and consumption. Ukraine quickly moves in direction to European market. That is proved by growth of export deliveries (on 22% in 2018 as compared to 2017) . The state in 2019 has increased financial support of agrarian and industrial complex, however, the mechanism of financing agricultural factories with the purpose to avoid monopolization of distribution of means demands development.

Науково-інноваційне забезпечення розвитку агропромислового виробництва Центрального регіону

The purpose. Filling up agrarian market of Central region of Ukraine with scientific-and-innovative products and increase of level of development of agricultural factories in state-of-the-art conditions of managing. Methods. Statistical-economic analysis, simulation, questioning, comparison, synthesis. Results. Scientific-and-organizational approaches, and market-oriented tools of experimental production and transfer of high technology products in agrarian and industrial complex of region are developed. Assessment of state-of-the-art situation and perspectives of innovative evolution of agricultural factories is carried out. Suggestions on filling up agrarian market with innovative products are elaborated: scientific-and-consulting and informational services through architecture of conferences, seminars, «Days of field», «Circular tables», courses, exhibitions-fairs; creation of scientific-and-demonstration and technological proving grounds, demonstration farms; publications in issuings, performances on radio and television, spread of booklets and issuings of recommendations. Data bank is created of the completed scientific developments (innovations) that are recommended for mastering in soil-climatic conditions of Kirovograd region, Portfolio for orders of innovative products (seeds, pedigree resources, hardware components, etc.) is generated. Conclusions. Analysis of overall performance of agricultural factories of Kirovograd region proves that nowadays only those of them which use innovative development and constantly or very often use scientific reaching at production of agricultural produce have stable financial and economic state. Mainly they are large enough factories which spend renewal of basic production assets and annually restore high quality content of cultivated crops. Application of innovations ensures resistant economic propagation, raises industrial and social evolution of a society, secures economic safety and stability.

Стан та перспективи розвитку аграрного виробництва в Лісостепу в умовах змін клімату

The purpose. To analyze on an instance of administrative area typical for Forest-steppe features of modern most spread practice of agrarian production, to justify directions of interbranch optimization with the purpose of cardinal heightening profitableness of industrial activity. Methods. Assessment of changes of agrometeorological resources of terrain was realized by method of mathematical-statistical analysis, data of Goskomstat was treated by methods of system generalization, correlation, economic, settlement-relative analysis. Study of perspective directions of evolution of agrarian production was realized by method of multivariate imitative computer simulation. Results. As a result of climatic changes the forest-steppe part of Kiev area has passed from zone of sufficient into zone of insufficient humidification with deficiency of annual water balance — 100 mm. Average for 8 years productivity of grain grains makes 3–4 t/hectare, corn for grain — 9, soya bean, sunflower, winter rape and buckwheat — 2, sugar beets — 52 t/hectare with fluctuation on years 20–60%. Correlation between indexes of the cost price, the price of implementation and productivity of the crops, specifying on presence of the factors bounding net profit at a certain level are established. Profitableness on an average on years to the level for corn for grain makes 305 c.u./hectare, buckwheat — 243, sunflower — 235, winter rape — 199, sugar beets — 193, soya bean — 173, pease — 100, cereal grains — 60–115 c.u./hectare. The highest net profit for 1 hectare of arable land in the area for 8 years attained 324 c.u./hectare, the lowest — 45 c.u./hectare with an average on years index of 189 c.u./hectare and fluctuation concerning it of 42%. To cardinally raise economic efficiency of agrarian production in the area is possible by development of its branch structure on biopower basis. At this situation in uniform technological complex for 1 hectare of arable land they may produce 2 t of vegetable products, 0,8 — sugar, 0,2 — vegetable oil, 0,3 — fibers, 1 t — meat-and-milk products, 1,3 thousand m3 — gas-methane. It also leads to creation of closed cycle of macro- and microelements with cutting of net cost of production on 50% and heightening of the net profit up to 8 thousand in c.u./hectare. Conclusions. As a result of climatic changes in forest-steppe part of Kiev area aside aggravation of conditions of humidification they registered fluctuation in productivity of cultivated crops on 20–60% from average. Fluctuation of net profit in administrative area typical for region for 8 years made 45–324 c.u./hectare with average on years index of 189 c.u./hectare. Cardinal heightening of profitableness of plowlands of the area up to the level of 8 thousand c.u./hectare may be ensured with transition to principles of biopower agrarian production by building association of agricultural factories and engaging of investment resources.

“Agricultural factory”: industrial reuse for innovative production towards more sustainable cities

“Agricultural factory”: industrial reuse for innovative production towards more sustainable cities

Якість як основа підвищення ефективності виробництва молока в сільськогосподарських підприємствах

Якість як основа підвищення ефективності виробництва молока в сільськогосподарських підприємствах

Information technology of management of agricultural factories on the basis of forecasting of its economic state

На основі апарату канонічних розкладів випадкових послідовностей отримано алгоритм прогнозу економічного стану сільськогосподарського підприємства, який дозволяє оцінити результати його роботи в майбутньому при здійсненні певної реорганізації (зміна земельних ресурсів, трудових ресурсів, основних засобів)

A Quality Sorting of Fruit Using a New Automatic Image Processing Method

This paper presents an innovative approach for quality sorting of objects such as apples sorting in an agricultural factory, using an image processing algorithm. The objective of our approach are; firstly to sort the objects by their colors precisely; secondly to detect any irregularity of the colors surrounding the apples efficiently. An experiment has been conducted and the results have been obtained and compared with that has been preformed by human sorting process and by color sensor sorting devices. The results demonstrate that our approach is capable to sort the objects rapidly and the percentage of classification valid rate was 100 %.

Action de la pollution organique sur la faune aquatique d'eau douce

River pollution in France is principally due to organic matter from built-up areas, cattle-rearing farms and agricultural factories. Other sources include industrial wastes such as acids, bases, hydrocarbons, detergents and, above all, pesticides. After briefly summarizing the sensitivity of invertebrates to certain substances such as acids and alkalis (salts being less toxic) and the very low toxicity threshold (considerably less than 1 ppm) of organic chloride pesticides (e.g. DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane), the author describes organic matter pollution and the resulting self-purification in which all but a few of the organisms present will die. During polluted stream. Self-purification by anaerobic and aerobic fermentation is essentially a biological phenomenon brought about by organic-matter-consuming organisms such as fungi, algae, protozoa, rotifera. gastrotrichaw, oligochaete worms and diptera. The wiry bacteria Sphaerotibus plays an important part in self-purification. Little or no oxygen, abnormally high carbon-dioxide or toxicsubstance contents and water turbidity will give rise to conditions in which all but a few of the organisms present will die. During self-purification, the properties of the environment-more particularly the oxygen content-will gradually improve. In the highly polluted zone, there is a decreease in the variabilily index of the population i.e. the number of species diminish (see fig. 1 and 2) and the number of individuals within a species increase. If there is too great an excess of phenolic of ammonium compounds, the fauma may disappear entirely. As self-purification proceeds and dissolved oxygen goes up, the number of species increase. However, the rate at which this occurs will vary with season, temperature and maximum and minimum stream discharge. Thus, the highly polluted zone, the zone below it where regeneration is taking place and the species which are present in both, will depend essentially on local overall conditions (see fig. 1). Different zoological groups behave differently as pollution indicators. For instance, certain species or, rather, biocoenoses can only thrive in clean water e.g. a population consisting of Heptageniida larvae and nymphs (ephemeroptera), Perlidae (plecoptera) and fixed-shealh trichoptera. However, care should be exercised before conclusions are reached since resistance varies considerably from species to species in the larvae of the three above groups. This is the case for trichoptera (Hydropsychidae) aquatic coleoptera (fig. 2) and the lower crustacea (Gammarus). Diptera larvae are mainly to be found in polluted waters though there are exceptions e.g. Diamesa novorienda, Cricolopus absurdus, Liponeura sp. Molluscs live in moderately polluted water, although Bylhinella auslriaca is found only in highly oxygen-rich water. Several loval ecological factors may change the environment and, consequently, the indicator value of a species or an association of species. Such factors are erosion, flow variation, soil type, position of tributaries, predatory action etc. After having criticized Kolkwitz and Marson's Saprobic system, which nonetheless retains some general value, the author presents a practical method used in France for diagnosing pollution. The method consists in estimating a conventional biotic index, running from 1 to 10, from the forms encountered (called Systematic Units) and from the predominant zoological group (called the Reference Fauna Group) (see fig. 3 and 4).