Abstract This paper calculated the agricultural CO2 emissions of Sichuan province from 1997 to 2008, then did the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis test, and finally decomposed the total effect of CO2 emissions to production effect, structure effect and intensity effect using LMDI method. The results show: the relationship between Sichuan agricultural CO2 emissions and its economic growth is a rising straight line from 1997 to 2008, and the increasing of the total CO2 emissions is mainly caused by the intensity effect. Structure effect has a positive effect to CO2 emissions reduction, and production effect has small negative effect on CO2 emissions first and gradually increases to a positive effect from 2004.