Agricultural Budget Research Articles

Agrarian budget as an instrument of agrarian development policy of Serbia

Purpose of the research is to emphasize the role of agrarian budget in development of Serbian agrarian economy and to examine the problem of agricultural and rural development financingsupport.Furthermore, in this research initial reforms of economic measures have been analyzed concerning Serbian agrarian policy. The goal of this paper is to provide an insight into the role of agricultural budget in agrarian policy of Serbia.The first part of the study gives an overview of macroeconomic situation in Serbia and impact of the financial crisis on Serbia’s economy. Second part includes analysis of the topic item, i.e. agrarian budget role in Serbian agrarian sector. It includes review of relevant literature and researches already conducted on legislation and practice of Serbian agrarian policy as well as examination of statistical data regarding present agrarian budget for 2009.The research focuses at the Serbian agrarian budget for 2009 and agrarian policy of the present Serbian government administration.

Analysis of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and of the Health Check Reforms Relating to the Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS)

The agriculture policy is a vital part of the economical policy. In terms of financing, the EU agricultural budget 2009 represents 41,9% of the general EU budget, which finances the direct aids and market related expenditures (first Pillar), rural development measures (second Pillar) and fishery sector. The CAP reform (2003) had brought out changes for Member States and their farmers such as decoupling of the most direct payments by replacing them with Single Payment Scheme (SPS) and Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS). Moreover the implementation of Cross-Compliance rules links the full support of direct payments to the farmers respecting environmental, food safety, animal and plant health and animal welfare requirements established at EU and national and regional level. Cross-Compliance means for the EU farmers two types of requirements, the Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC) and the Statutory Management Requirements (SMR) which should be respected by the farmers in order to receive their full amount of direct payments. The Health Check (2009) intended to modernise and simplify the CAP. As its results, ten Member States out of EU-12 have been allowed to prolong the period of paying Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS) until the end of 2013 instead of 2011. Thereby the New Member States have a longer period to adapt to the regulations for the system of Single Payment Scheme that comprehends higher requirements.

System of Rice Intensification (SRI): Practices and Results in the Philippines

This paper traces briefly the origins of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Madagascar. It then reviews the range of practices and results from field trials of SRI in the Philippines, based on the reports from groups, institutions and individuals which have tried SRI and on personal interviews with SRI practitioners and researchers. The current [2004] average yield of SRI trials in the Philippines is about 6.4 tons/ha, 114% more than the national average of 3.0 tons/ha. Return on investment (ROI) ranges from 78% to 452%. Worldwide, yield gains from SRI have ranged from 14% in China to 209% in Gambia. Aside from increased yield gain, the SRI effect results in phenotypically distinct plants which produce 30, 50 or even 70 tillers with correspondingly vigorous root growth. The government hybrid rice program already includes some of the management practices that SRI has shown to be productive, like single seedlings and wider planting distances. This suggests that some of the reported hybrid rice yield gains are due to the SRI effect and not to changed genetic potential. The paper proposes: 1) a scientific conference on SRI; 2) more research on SRI practices; 3) nationwide verification trials; 4) widespread farm-scale trials; and 5) a review of the government rice program to include SRI in the Dept. of Agriculture budget.

Efficiency grounds and welfare effects in decoupling farm support. Insights from an AGE model of the Italian economy

This paper investigates both efficiency and redistributive effects of the recent reform of Common Agricultural Policy in Italy. A general equilibrium model has been calibrated on a social accounting matrix of the Italian economy, adapted to represent the distribution of agricultural income between households. In simulation results the decoupling of farm support proves to be a welfare-improving policy. Moreover, this welfare effect is enhanced by redistributing the support towards low-income agricultural households. In terms of possible policy implications, simulation results suggest that redistributive effects in decoupling farm support may be a crucial aspect for the allocation of the EU agricultural budget.

General Information & Statistics

China Made Great Stride in Biotechnology Over Last 15 Years. First Asian Biotech Summit to be Held in China. International Biotechnology Exhibition to Kick off in Beijing. Sino-Canadian Bioscience Lab Set up in Xinjiang. China Join Hands with Russia, Belarus and Ukraine in Science and Technology. Hong Kong, Taiwan and Mainland China Urged to Cooperate in Bio-Pharmaceutical Development. India Seeks More US Funds for Farm R&D. Incidence of Pulmonary Disease Diagnosed as Asthma High in India. Japanese Biotech Industry Seeking to Establish Ties with Europe. Korea Spends Half the Agriculture Budget to Subsidize Farming Sector. NZ Biotech Sector to Overtake Meat Industry in Eight Years. Singapore and Japan Strengthen R&D Ties. Biotechnology in Asia 2002 to be Held in Singapore. Singapore Sets up New Infectious Diseases Center.

The Agriculture Budget and the Production and Distribution of Farming Materials(Development of Agricultural Materials Markets and Agricultural Policy,Symposium Reports at 1998 Annual Meeting of the Society)

The Agriculture Budget and the Production and Distribution of Farming Materials(Development of Agricultural Materials Markets and Agricultural Policy,Symposium Reports at 1998 Annual Meeting of the Society)

The UK transition from nature preservation to ‘creative conservation’

A half century has elapsed since the appointment of an official body, the Nature Conservancy, in 1949, and the beginnings of what might be described as the modern nature conservation movement in the UK. Whilst ecologists perceived the 'heritage of wild nature' to be largely the outcome of past land use, and that the nature reserves would have to be managed consciously if their wildlife interest were to be sustained, there was only the most rudimentary understanding of how this might be achieved. Drawing for the most part on projects affecting wetlands, the paper illustrates the early steps taken to bring greater scientific rigour to reserve management. Whilst the potential for habitat restoration was recognized, there was little opportunity for its practice in the intensively-farmed countryside until grant aid was made available for such purpose from the agricultural budget in the 1980s. Where nature conservation had begun to subsume nature preservation, some fifty years ago, notions of 'creative conservation' have similarly encouraged reassessment of the purpose and practice of wildlife-resource management. This time however the challenge is being met in both the wider countryside and the built environment.

Policy directions for agricultural industrial products in the United States

Policy for research, development and commercialization of agricultural industrial products in the U.S. is subject to many forces. In the mid-1990s, important new information is available or forthcoming for policy makers to use in preparing our Nation's agenda for agricultural industrial products in the 21st century. Among those, new information sources are the US Department of Agriculture's budget and strategic plans, work by the President's Council on Sustainable Development, the 1996 Farm Bill passed by the U.S. Congress, and a biobased industrial products study by the National Academy of Sciences. It is concluded that the overall policy climate is very positive and, given broad collaboration from all sectors, opportunity is evident for the United States to transition to a more renewable resource-based economy.

Environmental Auditing in Agriculture: Pipe-dream or Practical Tool?

Many non-agricultural businesses have environmental policies and seek to measure their impact on the environment through environmental auditing. In essence this requires that certain attributes of the company's interaction with the environment are quantified and monitored over time. In addition to enhancing environmental protection, financial advantages may also accrue from this process, and in theory the concept should be transferable to the agricultural situation. In practice, agricultural environmental auditing currently plays a role in ensuring compliance with certain production standards associated with ‘quality’ marketing schemes. Such schemes are unlikely to deliver environmental benefits on a large scale, but the alternative of a centrally organized auditing scheme which is related to payments from agricultural support budgets is probably too complex to be practicable.

Geophysical science in the 1995 U.S. Budget

On February 7, President Clinton released his fiscal year 1995 budget of $1.52 trillion. At $16.9 billion, the overall budget for science and space will be 2% lower in 1995. Since science is “discretionary” funding—spending for programs other than entitlements and payments on the national debt—it is among the first to be cut. But considering other budget areas, science is faring relatively well. Agriculture's budget is being cut by a hefty 24%, energy is being cut by 8%, and defense is down 3%.

Réforme de l'agriculture de l'ex-Union Soviétique : une vue globale

Reform of post-soviet agriculture : a global point of view Using a global agricultural applied general equilibrium model, this paper analyses the consequences of several scenarios of agricultural reform in the former Soviet Union. In increasing order of sequencing, the scenarios include first, price reform, followed by a reduction of waste in agricultural production, and lastly, an increase in agricultural productivity. With increasing orders of magnitude as each reform is implemented, these reformes lead in general to a reduction in world agricultural prices, a decrease in the former Soviet Union's agricultural imports, a concomitant decrease in agricultural exports of the OECD and some of the key non-OECD agricultural exporters, a reduction of agricultural budgets in the OECD, and a significant increase in welfare in the former Soviet Union.

EC AGRICULTURAL SURPLUSES AND BUDGET CONTROL

Attempts to limit the EC agricultural budget have focussed on the problem of controlling surpluses of agricultural products. An alternative strategy is to impose cash limits directly on specific agricultural support expenditures. This paper shows that the coresponsibility measures favoured by the Commission could, with minor modification, become vehicles for cash limit control of support expenditure, but the penalties for over‐production would have to be more severe than in the past. Cash‐limiting policy options are compared in terms of producer incentives and their effect on producer revenues.

Trends in the Kenya Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Recurrent Cost Budget, 1980-88

The Harvard Institute for International Development provided consulting to government ministries in Kenya during the Daniel Arap Moi regime. This report was one of several that were prepared during that multi-year consultancy. It should be understood in the context of Kenya's development as a pluralistic country, and reveals the struggle to provide government services while attending to the pressures of regional constituencies.

Le Parlement et les soutiens à l'agriculture

Although Parliament has lost part of its prerogatives in the field of agricultural policy, the constitution of the Fifth Republic and the Common Market has made agricultural questions the most ardently debated subjects in the National Assembly and the Senate. During the 1970-ties, Parliament has been presented with theses on agricultural policies which have had a great echo. The following article retraces these theses and argues in favour of a better knowledge of farm incomes, a more selective use of the very important public funds devoted to agriculture and critizises the practice of direct subsidies and the too social orientation of farm credit distribution. This article written in the beginning of 1981 considers the positions of the National Assembly as of its preceding composition which are very close to those of the Agricultural Commission for the VII Ith Plan.Nothing can be stated how ~ ever about the orientations of the new majority which will be defined within the agricultural budget proposal for 1982.

Politique de transfert en Suisse

The public transfers to agriculture are destined to finance the common tasks assumed by farmers for the society: food supply, maintenance of the natural environment and land occupation. The Swiss agricultural budget represents less than 1 % of the GNP. It is partially financed by import taxes and to a lesser degree by producers taxes, the main part being covered by the national budget. The actual farming policy is highly controversial; two major defects must be mentioned: lack. of selectivity at consumer level, reinforcement of the disparity between farmers. In this context, various solutions are under discussion, amongst others, the development of payments on the basis of the land cultivated, and the introduction of differential prices according to quantities produced and to the region.

President’s 1955 agricultural budget down 11%...More funds recommended for research and development

President’s 1955 agricultural budget down 11%...More funds recommended for research and development