Agrarian Governance Research Articles

Evaluation of Land Suitability for Organic Horticulture Farming in Support of Sustainable Agrarian Governance

Abstract: Land compatibility can contribute to the optimization of agricultural land use, because this evaluation is used to determine the most appropriate spatial plan for current and future land use. Identifying the suitability of agricultural land is necessary to adapt to increasing food needs caused by expanding population, environmental pollution and climate change. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the suitability of snake fruit plants. Various factors were considered in this research, such as rainfall, temperature, nutrient availability (wa), rainfall density (rc), organic carbon (nr), slope, flood hazard (fh) and erosion hazard (eh). The results of the classification of land suitability classes in the Sleman Regency area, in this case, are that snake fruit plants in most areas fall into the criteria for land suitability class S2 or quite suitable. The results are with an area of??42,150 Ha or with a percentage of 73.4% of the land suitability class S2 or Sufficiently Suitable. (Medium Suitable) is land that has quite heavy barriers to maintain the level of management that must be carried out. In the land suitability class S1 or very suitable in the research area with an area of?? 10625 Ha or with a percentage of 18.5, the land suitability class Very Suitable (Very Suitable) is land that has no boundaries. The results of the land suitability assessment, both actual and potential, can be carried out by improving efforts such as improving drainage, adding organic material, planting according to contours, fertilizing. Keywords: Horticulture, Uniformity, Land Suitability, Organic Farming, Snake Fruit

How Good is the Governance of Bulgarian Agriculture?

The governance is with rising importance and interesting topic from a scientific and practical point of view. The different schools and theories understand the governance notion from a wide perspective. By examining the vast scope of scientific theoriesa holistic structure of agrarian governance is proposed. Adopting this structural holistic approach, an assessment of the Bulgarian agricultural governance is carried out. The structural framework of governance is set up by Components - Principles – Principleaspects. By implementation of a multi-indicator estimation, the governance assessment is carried out througha good governance perspective. The integral Governance Index (GIi) of Bulgarian agriculture is measured and the estimated result allows to define the agrarian governance at a moderate level. It means that the governance of Bulgarian agriculture performs in a moderate state, very close and similar to the average EU fulfillments in the elaborated components and principles. The notion of the governance assessment is to manifest what the state of Bulgarian agriculture is and how the existing entity runs. This analysis of governance allows to look for connecting the direct outcomes of Bulgarian agriculture with the governance state and functioning as well as to identify the externalities and consequences, which emerge in the agriculture running process.

A Framework for Defining and Analyzing Agrarian Governance

The problem of adequate understanding and evaluation of the system of agrarian governance is among the most topical academic and practical tasks. The goal of the article is to adapt the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics and to propose an adequate definition and framework for analyzing the system of agrarian governance in Bulgaria. Based on a critical analysis of research and practical experience, it is underlined that agrarian governance is to be studied as a complex system, including four principle components: agrarian and related agents involved in management decision-making; rules, forms and mechanisms that govern the behavior, activities and relationships of agrarian agents; processes and activities related to making governing decisions; a specific social order resulting from the governing process and functioning of the system. The analysis of agrarian governance should include the individual elements of the system, different levels of governance and the main functional areas of agrarian governance, for each of which adequate quantitative or qualitative methods from the institutional approach are suggested. The assessment must take into account the personal characteristics of agents, the institutional environment, transaction costs, the comparative effectiveness of alternative structures, and the “time factor”.

Agrarian Governance – Who, What, Why, How, Where, When, Price, Level?

The problem of understanding and evaluation of agrarian governance is among the most topical academic and practical tasks. However, there are huge differences in understandings of the governance among scholars, practitioners, official and business documents. Sometimes it is associated with the top management (country, organization); sometimes it is related to government agencies (public administration); sometimes it encompasses the management outside government entities; sometimes it is synonym of Management or a part of Management of organization, while in some case it is more general than Management including a variety of modes. This article adapts the New Institutional Economics methodology and proposes an adequate definition and framework for analyzing the system of agrarian governance. Based on a critical review of publications and experiences, the agrarian governance is understood as a complex system including: agrarian and related agents involved in making management decisions; rules, forms and mechanisms that govern behavior, activities and relationships of agrarian agents; processes and activities related to making governing decisions; a specific social order resulting from functioning of the system. Analysis includes individual elements for the system, different levels and main functional areas, for which adequate methods of institutional approach are suggested. Personal characteristics of participating agents, institutional environment, transaction costs and benefits, comparative efficiency of alternative governing structures, and "time factor" are considered. First holistic assessment found that Governance of Bulgarian agriculture is at moderate level having in mind EU perspective. Highest performance is attained for principles Equity and Solidarity and Good Working Public Sector while in terms of Working Private Sector and Stakeholders Involvements it is lowest. 

About Governance of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System. The Case of Bulgaria. Part III

This paper is the third part of our attempt to examine the governance, efficiency, and development of the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) in Bulgaria based on a project related to mechanisms and the modes of agrarian governance in Bulgaria. The research continues with the expert assessment on governance of AKIS in Bulgaria and the SWOT analysis regarding development strategy and intervention needs providing recommendations and actionable steps to address the identified weaknesses and enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and inclusiveness of the AKIS governance. It is emphasizing the approaches of comparative data and institutional analysis, gap analysis, SWOT, strategic orientation, experts’ assessments to identify actors and relations, state and trends in development, assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, formulate adequate strategy, and specify overall and public intervention needs of AKIS in the country.

Legal Reconstruction of Land Dispute Settlement Based on Justice Value

The purpose of this study is to analyze the weaknesses in land dispute resolution regulations, as well as to reconstruct land dispute settlement regulations based on the value of justice. The research method used in this study is a normative juridical method with data analysis based on a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the settlement of cases through courts in Indonesia costs high, not to mention the long completion times and complicated court bureaucracy. Through the reconstruction of land settlement regulations based on the value of justice, the author offers a solution in the settlement of land disputes, namely being required to mediate before land disputes are brought to court. 21 of 2020 article 2 point e. In addition, a National Land Commission (KPN) must be formed in accordance with the Agrarian Government Regulation/Head of the Republic of Indonesia's National Land Agency No. 21 of 2020 article 3, this can facilitate the process of regulation of land dispute resolution based on the value of justice that benefits various parties in the field of financing, time and accelerates the resolution of cases of land dispute settlement which has long since piling up in court.

Agrarian Governance – Who, What, Why, How, Where, When, Price?

Agrarian Governance – Who, What, Why, How, Where, When, Price?

What is Agrarian Governance and How to Assess How Good it Is?

What is Agrarian Governance and How to Assess How Good it Is?

Textualizing the agrarian: plots and forms in British India

ABSTRACT This essay establishes interrelations between three apparently different kinds of texts on agrarian India produced in the nineteenth century. The first of these are government documents on agrarian governance, the second consists of analytical essays, on the conditions of peasantry and land legislation in nineteenth-century Bengal, authored by two eminent thinkers of that society, and the third is a novel on the intrigues of an agrarian society, set in Orissa. The essay argues that in their own ways, each of these types of texts played around, recast, and disrupted foundational imperial universals, like state, society, and property and the relationship between them. The essay mobilizes a conversation between different productions of universals in these texts. It concludes by reflecting upon these discursive strategies in the light of a debate on the difference between ‘literature’ and ‘history’ in late-nineteenth century Bengal. It suggests that Rabindranath Tagore’s framing, in this debate, of the ‘historical rasa’ can help us understand the transactions between ‘social theory’, ‘history’ and ‘literature’ in these texts on agrarian India.

Polityka transatlantycka rządów Prawa i Sprawiedliwości (2015-2019): koncepcja (cz. 2)

Law and Justice party was a “Euro-Atlantic” political party in the whole period of its political existence. Three major characteristic features of political thought in the foreign affairs of Law and Justice party were: 1) an Atlantic course; 2) a concept of realism in the European Union; and 3) postulated subjectivity in the Central Europe and towards the Eastern Europe. Law and Justice party created its own concept of the role of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in the security policy of the Republic of Poland. Law and Justice waited until the occurrence of good conditions to bring the wrought concept into reality. It was more than sure that such conditions will occur in the future. There was no doubt that Russia was danger for the Western hemisphere. Such an evaluation was strengthened in the years 2008-2010 as the consequence of the Russian aggression on Georgia and Smolensk catastrophe. Law and Justice waited to: 1) win the parliamentary elections; 2) the end of the policy of reset in Russian-American relations. The theoretical and ideological premises and the type of political competition in Poland justified a negative evaluation by Law and Justice party of the foreign policy of Poland towards NATO in the period of the left–wing – agrarian government coalition and the government coalition of liberal – agrarian parties. Law and Justice party remained critical of the foreign policy of Poland led by Civic Platform in the scope of its theoretical, conceptual and decisive senses.

Polityka transatlantycka rządów Prawa i Sprawiedliwości (2015–2019): przesłanki (cz. 1)

Law and Justice party was a “Euro-Atlantic” political party in the whole period of its political existence. Three major characteristic features of political thought in the foreign affairs of Law and Justice party were: 1) an Atlantic course; 2) a concept of realism in the European Union; and 3) postulated subjectivity in the Central Europe and towards the Eastern Europe. Law and Justice party created its own concept of the role of North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in the security policy of the Republic of Poland. Law and Justice waited until the occurrence of good conditions to bring the wrought concept into reality. It was more than sure that such conditions will occur in the future. There was no doubt that Russia was danger for the Western hemisphere. Such an evaluation was strengthened in the years 2008–2010 as the consequence of the Russian aggression on Georgia and Smolensk catastrophe. Law and Justice waited to: (1) win the parliamentary elections; (2) the end of the policy of reset in Russian – American relations. The theoretical and ideological premises and the type of political competition in Poland justified a negative evaluation by Law and Justice party of the foreign policy of Poland towards NATO in the period of the left–wing – agrarian government coalition and the government coalition of liberal – agrarian parties. Law and Justice party remained critical of the foreign policy of Poland led by Civic Platform in the scope of its theoretical, conceptual and decisive senses.

Pluralizzare il capitalocene, pensare la transizione. Investimenti agricoli in Africa e nuova questione agraria

This paper aims to integrate the socio-ecological critique of capitalist valorization with some indications developed in the post-colonial debate and the neo-materialist perspectives. It builds on an analysis of the land grab phenomena and its connections with recent agricultural development policies, involving green and bio-economy promotion in Sub-Saharan Africa. It firstly expands on the relationships between the neoliberal ecological regime and the racialized pattern of colonial appropriation that inform current agrarian governance processes. Then, re-calling the results of a case study on a land-deal conflict in the north of Senegal, it discusses the interest of a political ecology approach focused on a post-colonial reading of world-ecology, able to include in the narrative of capitalocene the alternative and subaltern socio-ecological stories that inhabit it. This, it will be argued, offers a useful perspective to re-imagine socio-ecological transition as a plural and more-than-human process.

Sustainability Impacts of Agrarian Governance in Bulgaria

Sustainability Impacts of Agrarian Governance in Bulgaria

Efficiency of Agrarian Governance in Bulgaria

Empirical studies on efficiency of the governance system in agriculture are very rare. That is a consequence of both theoretical and practical challenges. The criteria and approach for assessing social efficiency are still debated while appropriate statistical, accountancy, etc. data for evaluation diverse mechanisms and modes of governance are not readily available. This is a first attempt for a comprehensive empirical study on the efficiency of the system of agrarian governance in Bulgaria. Since there is a social “contract” about sustainable agrarian development in EU and Bulgaria, the impact to sustainability is taken as a criterion for assessing the social efficiency of the governance system. The interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics framework is incorporated, and the impact of institutional environment and diverse market, private, collective, public and hybrid modes of governance on agrarian sustainability at the current stage of development in Bulgaria assessed. First, the methodological framework of the study is outlined. After that impact of major components of institutional environment of agrarian sustainability evaluated. Following, dominating governing modes in Bulgarian farms of different juridical type, size, specialisation, ecological and geographical location are identified, and their impacts on agrarian sustainability assessed. In conclusion implications for further research, public policy improvement, and private managerial strategy formation are presented.

Agrarian Localities: Political economy as local power in early nineteenth-century British India

AbstractThis article writes the agrarian history of an obscure locality, Cuttack, in early-nineteenth-century British India. In doing so, instead of exalting the explanatory power of the local, or the particular, it interrogates the category of the ‘local’ itself by demonstrating how it was assembled as the object of agrarian governance in British India through a densely interwoven network of discursive practices. I present this network as various inter-regional practices and debates over agrarian governance in British India and some methodological debates of political economy in contemporary Britain. This article argues that the governmental engagement with locally specific, indigenous forms of interrelationship between landed property and political power in British India can be more productively understood as internal to the transformed vocabulary of contemporary political economy, rather than lying outside it, amid the pragmatism and contingency of governance. Accordingly, it shows how the particularity of agrarian relations in a locality was produced out of a host of reconfigurations, over different moments and sites, of a universal classificatory grid. In the process, I question those histories of British India which, being rooted in a series of hierarchized binary oppositions, like inside–outside, abstract–concrete, or universal–particular, reproduce the rationality of colonial governance.

Governing Agrarian Diversities

In a country as large and diverse as India, governance meant a welter of institutional and customary arrangements, particularly in the agrarian sector. Globally, the early modern state’s fiscal well being depended on agriculture. In India, the demands of an expanding maritime commerce made this more complex. Contrary to prevalent views of the state as an economic predator, this article shows how the sixteenth-century initiated novel and creative techniques of agrarian governance, which enabled it to consolidate power, extract revenue and protect diversities at the same time. This was a new dispensation, which cannot be explained by seamless notions of the ‘medieval’. These new strategies of governance can only be understood in the frame of an early modernity, which was a shared global experience. For India, agrarian governance involved, inter alia—the consolidation of private property and transactions based on contractual obligations. These were some of the important ways in which the state facilitated the making of an early modern economy in sixteenth-century India.

Looking back to see forward: the legal niceties of land theft in land rushes

This paper aims to make a modest contribution to an overdue need to locate the current land rush in its historical context, less as a new phenomenon than as a surge in the continuing capture of ordinary people's rights and assets by capital-led and class-creating social transformation. It aims to do so by looking back to earlier land rushes, and particularly to those which have bearing upon sub-Saharan Africa, the site of most large-scale involuntary land loss today. In particular, the paper focuses upon a central tool of land rushes, property law. The core argument made is that land rushes past and present have relied upon legal manipulations which deny that local indigenous (‘customary’) tenures deliver property rights, thereby legalizing the theft of the lands of the poor or subject peoples. Even prior to capitalist transformation this feudal-derived machination was an instrument of aligned class privilege and power, later elaborated to justify mass land and resource capture through colonialism. Now it is routinely embedded in the legal canons of elite-aligned agrarian governance as the means of retaining control over the land resources which rural communities presume are their own.

The Mexican model of community forest management: The role of agrarian policy, forest policy and entrepreneurial organization

Abstract In Mexico, the “democratization of natural assets” through an agrarian reform process laid the territorial foundation for the establishment of a large community forest sector. The common property regime and agrarian policies established by the Mexican Revolution also created a common form of governance for all of rural Mexico. Concepts from common property theory and social and natural capital are used to analyze this sector and its emergence. It is argued in this paper that agrarian reform laws have been more crucial in creating a large CFE than specific forest legislation. Agrarian reform distributed forest lands to communities and provided a template for community governance that could later serve as an institutional platform for the development of CFEs. Forest laws and programs have been important in different places and periods in developing this potential, by providing subsidies, training, and markets for incipient CFEs. Forest legislation also served, at different periods, to empower communities to take more responsibility for managing their own forests. More recently, major new funds have been directed at subsidizing some aspects of community forest management. The agrarian governance platform has shown flexibility in being able to develop and adapt more entrepreneurial organizational forms. However, there are a wide range of forms that have evolved, ranging from making the enterprise directly dependent on the community governance structures to creating a clear division between community and entrepreneurial governance through Community Councils and Managers, and to dissolution of the single CFE model into subcoalition enterprises. This variety shows that it is possible to combine community governance forms and entrepreneurial organizational forms to compete successfully in the marketplace. The Mexican case provides a model for the world-wide devolution of forest lands to local communities, and shows that community initiatives and policy support can result in common property regimes that can organize to compete in the marketplace and deliver social, economic and ecological benefits.