Formation Of AgNPs Research Articles

Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Applications of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) presents an innovative and sustainable approach in nanotechnology with promising applications in fields such as medicine, food safety, and pharmacology. In this study, AgNPs were successfully synthesized using the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (BCRC16000), addressing challenges related to stability, biocompatibility, and scalability that are common in conventional nanoparticle production methods. The formation of AgNPs was indicated by a color change from yellow to brown, and UV–visible spectrophotometry confirmed their presence with a characteristic absorption peak at 443 nm. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the involvement of biomolecules in reducing silver ions, which suggests their role in stabilizing the nanoparticles. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed significant morphological and structural changes. At the same time, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyses provided valuable insights such as average size (199.7 nm), distribution, and stability, reporting a polydispersity index of 0.239 and a surface charge of −36.3 mV. Notably, the AgNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial activity and photocatalytic efficiency, underscoring their potential for environmental and biomedical applications. Therefore, this study highlights the effectiveness of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in the biosynthesis of AgNPs, offering valuable antibacterial and photocatalytic properties with significant industrial and scientific implications.

Green Synthesis of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)‐Silver Nanoparticles Composite using Flaxseed (Linumusitatissimum L) Peel Extract: Its Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities

AbstractGreen synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using diverse plant extracts has gained significance for applications in biomedical sciences and engineering. However, no studies have been done on the synthesis of AgNPs using the extract of Flaxseed peel (FsP) (Linumusitatissimum L), an eco‐friendly agricultural waste. The present study reports the green synthesis of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) ‐ silver nanoparticles (PVA‐AgNPs) composite 1 using the aqueous extract of Flaxseed peel (FsP) (Linumusitatissimum L). GC‐MS, 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectral analyses were performed to understand the phytochemical basis of nanoparticle formation. The obtained AgNPs in the composite were characterized using a variety of techniques including FT‐IR, UV‐visible spectroscopy, HR‐TEM along with EDX spectroscopy, SEM, and DLS. UV‐vis analysis revealed a prominent surface plasmon resonance band at 422 nm, confirming the formation of AgNPs. TEM technique revealed the presence of nearly spherical AgNPs with an average size of 11.28 nm. PVA‐AgNPs composite 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli. Furthermore, a dose‐time dependent cytotoxic effect against L929 fibroblast cells was demonstrated by the nanocomposite. Thus, present findings provided a basis of FsP‐extract mediated green synthesis of PVA‐AgNPs composite 1 suggesting functional nanomaterial of biomedical potentialities.

Electrospun poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) membranes with Ag nanoparticles for wound dressings: Production and characterization

Wound dressings have long been used to promote the healing of skin injuries. In the work reported here, fibrous membranes were produced by electrospinning poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) solutions containing silver nitrate at varying mass ratios (1:200, 1:100 and 1:50 AgNO3:PVP). PVP solutions without AgNO3 were used as a control. The electrospun membranes were irradiated using 254 nm UV light to simultaneously photo-crosslink PVP and promote the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, as well as by detecting the surface plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum during release studies. The swelling rate of fibrous membranes was lower for those containing AgNPs compared to PVP-only membranes. The Kirby-Bauer diffusion test performed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans showed that all AgNPs-containing membranes exhibited an inhibitory effect on all microorganisms tested. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that membranes with lower silver concentration were less cytotoxic. This study presents a simple route to producing a wound dressing with antimicrobial action that has a swelling behavior capable of absorbing exudates, provides controlled release of silver and has low cytotoxicity.

Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Oxya chinensis sinuosa (Grasshopper) Extract.

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green method from an extract of the edible insect Oxya chinensis sinuosa (O_extract). The formation of AgNPs (O_AgNPs) was confirmed via UV-vis spectroscopy, and their stability was assessed using Turbiscan analysis. The size and morphology of the synthesized particles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analyses further confirmed the size distribution and dispersion stability of the particles. The average particle size was 111.8 ± 1.5 nm, indicating relatively high stability. The synthesized O_AgNPs were further characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. XPS analysis confirmed the chemical composition of the O_AgNP surface, whereas HR-XRD confirmed its crystallinity. FTIR analysis suggested that the O_extract plays a crucial role in the synthesis process. The antibacterial activity of the O_AgNPs was demonstrated using a disk diffusion assay, which revealed effective activity against common foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. O_AgNPs exhibited clear antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 15.08 ± 0.45 mm for S. Typhimurium, 15.03 ± 0.15 mm for E. coli, 15.24 ± 0.66 mm for S. aureus, and 13.30 ± 0.16 mm for B. cereus. These findings suggest that the O_AgNPs synthesized from the O_extract have potential for use as antibacterial agents against foodborne bacteria.

Antimicrobial, anticancer and photocatalytic dye degradation activities of silver nanoparticles phytosynthesized from Secamone emetica aqueous leaf extract

Secamone emetica (Family: Apocynaceae) is traditionally used for several ailments among indigenous people due to the bioactive components present in it. Nanomedicine has undergone impressive modifications and the development of new drugs with significant healthcare outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to green synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of S. emetica, and to study their in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer and photocatalytic dye degradation activities. Various spectroscopic and microscopic analytical tools were used to characterize the Ag-NPs. Selective G+ve, G−ve bacteria and fungal species were used to test the Ag-NPs antibacterial and antifungal activity. Anticancer efficacy of the Ag-NPs was appraised by MTT test using MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells. Degradation of Rhodamine B dye by the Ag-NPs under visible light was assessed. The characterization studies confirmed the formation of Ag-NPs which were crystalline cubical symmetry with an average size of 26.69 nm. Dose dependent antimicrobial activity displayed a maximum zone of inhibition of 22.39 mm against E. coli followed by 21.28 mm against S. aureus at 100 µL/mL concentration of Ag-NPs. The IC50 value of synthesized Ag-NPs on MDA-MB 231 cell lines was 0.5 μg/mL. The Ag-NPs catalyst degraded 96 % of Rhodamine B dye in 150 min under visible light. Phytosynthesized Ag-NPs showed strong antimicrobial and anticancer properties and also revealed excellent dye degradation capacity. It is possible to further utilize the biosynthesized Ag-NPs as a possible source of antimicrobial, anticancer, and dye-degradation activities.

Highly efficient dip catalysts using bacterial cellulose impregnated with self-crosslinked glycol chitosan and silver nanoparticles for 4-nitrophenol reduction

The application of environmentally friendly and sustainable catalysts requires efficient and safe preparation methods using cheap and renewable materials. Although many metal nanoparticles (NPs) have low colloidal stability, they are still very effective as catalysts. Using a straightforward method, we developed a bacterial cellulose–glycol chitosan–silver (BC–GCS–Ag) nanocomposite, by introducing both AgNPs and self-crosslinked GCS within the BC network. Self-crosslinking of GCS occurred during the formation of AgNPs by employing the glycol moieties for reduction to produce aldehyde functionalities, thereby forming Schiff's base bonds within the GCS structure. Using GCS, well-defined AgNPs within the BC matrix. The formation of AgNPs and the self-crosslinking of GCS were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that spherical AgNPs with a mean diameter of 10 nm exhibited a well-organized structure within the BC–GCS matrix. The BC–GCS–Ag nanocomposite was applied as dip catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP) to 4-aminophenol (4AP), chosen as a model reaction. The results showed that the catalytic reaction was completed within 4 min, with high reusability (10 times) and without loss of catalyst. The reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a high rate constant of 0.582 min−1. Therefore, the BC–GCS–Ag dip catalyst is an attractive alternative for environmentally friendly and sustainable catalysis, owing to its exceptional catalytic performance, high recyclability, and stability, as well as the minimal environmental footprint of the supporting materials.

Solution plasma synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots from glucosamines: Comparative fluorescence modulation for dopamine detection

The intriguing fluorescence characteristics of carbon dots (CDs) have led to many sensor applications, particularly for dopamine (DA), a molecule linked to various diseases. This study prepares CDs from glucose and glucosamine (nitrogen-free and nitrogen-containing precursors) using a simple solution plasma process (SPP). We explore how nitrogen elements and counterions in glucosamine (hydrochloride and sulfate) affect CD properties and their ability to modulate fluorescence for DA detection. Glucosamine offers three advantages over glucose: (i) single-step CD synthesis via SPP, (ii) enhanced fluorescence of CDs, and (iii) improved fluorescence response to DA. We investigate the DA detection capabilities of N,S-CDs (from glucosamine sulfate) and N,Cl-CDs (from glucosamine hydrochloride). Both can sense DA with distinct photoluminescence responses. N,S-CDs show selectivity and fluorescence brightening upon DA interaction, with a detection limit of 33.05 μM. N,Cl-CDs demonstrate higher sensitivity with a lower detection limit of 0.1212 μM through fluorescence quenching. Silver ions (Ag+) may also contribute to N,Cl-CDs quenching; however, the observed color change to gray due to silver nanoparticle (AgNP) formation helps pinpoint the quenching substance. The varied photoluminescence responses arise from different surface functional groups: N,S-CDs have amino-rich surfaces, while N,Cl-CDs have conjugated carbonyl-rich surfaces. This study illustrates the mechanisms of DA detection and AgNP formation, suggesting the potential of CDs in medical diagnostics as selective tools for disease diagnosis. Additionally, we compare the DA sensing methodology of our CDs with existing literature, highlighting the advantages of our sensor.

Antimicrobial Activity of Amino-Modified Cellulose Nanofibrils Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) conjugated with amino-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (NH2-CNFs) were in situ-prepared by reducing silver ions with free amino groups from NH2-CNFs. The spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements confirmed the presence of non-agglomerated nanometer-in-size Ag NPs within micrometer-large NH2-CNFs of high (20 wt.-%) content. Although the consumption of amino groups during the formation of Ag NPs lowers the ζ-potential and surface charge of prepared inorganic-organic hybrids (from +31.3 to +19.9 mV and from 2.4 to 1.0 mmol/g at pH 7, respectively), their values are sufficiently positive to ensure electrostatic interaction with negatively charged cell walls of pathogens in acidic and slightly (up to pH ~8.5) alkaline solutions. The antimicrobial activity of hybrid microparticles against various pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) is comparable with pristine NH2-CNFs. However, a long-timescale use of hybrids ensures the slow and controlled release of Ag+ ions to surrounding media (less than 1.0 wt.-% for one month).

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) Calyx Wastes as a Promising Anthelmintic Agent Against Poultry Pathogen Raillietina spp.

AbstractIn this study, we explore the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using calyx wastes from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) and evaluate their anthelmintic potential against poultry pathogen Raillietina spp. The ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectrum of nanoparticles showed an absorbance peak at 425 nm, confirming AgNP formation. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) analysis indicated the presence of functional groups responsible for reducing silver ions, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the crystallinity of the nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) analyses were used to measure the size (20–50 nm) and morphology (spherical) of the synthesized AgNPs. The dose‐dependent in vitro anthelmintic efficacy was highest at 125 μg/ml of AgNPs, resulting in paralysis and death within 0.54 and 1.29 hours, respectively, while untreated control parasites survived for ~72 hours. The SEM micrographs of the treated parasites showed swelling and blebbing of the tegument. Histochemical localization studies showed a remarkable decline of tegumental and neurotransmitter enzymes involved with the parasite's metabolism and regulation of the endogenous physiological processes. This study underscores the potential of okra calyces in the green synthesis of AgNPs and provides a novel approach to developing alternative anthelmintics that interfere with the host‐parasite interface.

Green Synthesis of Dracocephalum kotschyi-Coated Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Potentials.

BACKGROUND The environmentally friendly production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical methods. This study focused on synthesizing AgNPs using extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi (D. kotschyi), a medicinal plant. MATERIAL AND METHODS The biosynthesis of AgNPs was monitored using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The role of phytoconstituents from D. kotschyi in stabilizing AgNPs was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy was used to determine the size, charge, and polydispersity of the nanoparticles, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to assess their morphology. We evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of the synthesized AgNPs against various bacteria, their antioxidant properties via a 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and their cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cervical cancer cell line. RESULTS The formation of AgNPs was indicated by a color change and the emergence of a surface plasmon resonance peak at 418 nm. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities. Morphology, size, and shape analysis revealed nearly spherical particles with an average size of 43 nm. FTIR confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract, serving as reducing and capping agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles. Antimicrobial assessments showed effectiveness against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The DPPH scavenging assay demonstrated efficient antioxidant activity, and potent apoptotic anticancer effects were observed on cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The extract of D. kotschyi was effective as a reducing agent in the environmentally friendly synthesis of AgNPs, which exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. These findings suggest potential biomedical applications for the synthesized AgNPs.

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Sericin Composite Blend Membranes Containing Silver Nanoparticles for Effective Antibacterial Applications

AbstractDue to drug‐resistant bacteria, antimicrobial composite materials that will replace antibiotics are among the current research topics. In this study, environmentally‐friendly, low‐cost, easy‐to‐synthesize chitosan/silk sericin/silver nanoparticles (Cht/SS/AgNPs) membranes were obtained for use in antibacterial applications. For material synthesis, firstly, AgNPs were obtained by mixing solution of 2 % sericin (at pH 11)‐10 mM AgNO3 at 100 °C with hydrothermal method and AgNPs formation was confirmed by UV‐Vis measurements. Then, sericin/AgNPs solution was added to chitosan solutions at different ratios and Cht/SS/AgNPs composites were obtained by solvent casting method. The final forms of the membranes were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Water retention capacities and mechanical properties of the membranes were also determined. Finally, antibacterial and biocompatibility properties were evaluated by disc diffusion test method on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and MTT on L929 fibroblast cell line, respectively. The obtained membranes had homogeneous appearance, high swelling ratios, good mechanical properties. The composites also showed excellent antibacterial activity, especially on S. aureus and good biocompatibility. In summary, Cht/SS/AgNPs composites can be used as an alternative polymeric antibacterial materials especially as the wound‐dressing materials or functional packaging materials.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Bioreductant from Lime Juice Powder (<i>Citrus aurantifolia</i>): Effect of Concentration and pH

Significant development in antibacterial agents derived from metal nanoparticles is currently underway. One commonly employed type is silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which display potential antibacterial activity at lower concentrations compared to other metals. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and small size, AgNPs can readily penetrate bacterial cell walls. Green synthesis methods of AgNPs, such as utilizing plants as reducing agents, offer substantial advantages over other synthesis techniques. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), containing compounds like flavonoids and saponins, can serve as a natural reducing agent, converting Ag+ ions to Ag0. This study aims to evaluate the effects of AgNO3 concentration, lime juice powder concentration, and pH on the formation and characteristics of AgNPs, as well as their activity against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Results indicate that at an AgNO3 concentration of 1 mM, lime juice extract at 1% with a pH of 9 produces optimal AgNP formation, with an absorbance of 4.631 and particle size of 68.4 nm. AgNPs exhibit higher antibacterial activity than AgNO3. AgNPs synthesized with lime juice powder can increase their activity and have the advantages of being safe and environmentally friendly since they use plant material as a reducing agent.

Orange peel-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antioxidant and antitumor activities

Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a common fruit crop widely distributed worldwide with the peel of its fruits representing about 50% of fruit mass. In the current study, orange peel was employed to mediate the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a low-cost green approach. Aqueous extracts of suitably-processed peel were prepared using different extraction methods; and their phytochemical profile was identified. Based on phytochemical screening, amount of main phytochemicals, free radical-scavenging ability, reducing power and antioxidant activity, the peel extract prepared by boiling seemed to be the most promising. Thus, major compounds of this extract were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Potency of the peel extract to mediate the synthesis of AgNPs was then monitored by visual observation, UV-visible spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy and zetametry. Color change of the reaction mixture to brown and absorption peak at 450 nm indicated AgNPs formation. Characterization of AgNPs revealed spherical shape, size of 30–40 nm, zeta potential of -18.2 mV and yield conversion of 82%. The as-synthesized AgNPs had antioxidant capacity (free radical-scavenging ability, reducing power and antioxidant activity) lower than that of the orange peel extract. However, these biogenic AgNPs had antitumor activity (IC50 of 16 ppm against HCT-116 and 1.6 ppm against HepG2 cell lines) much higher than the peel extract that was completely non-toxic to the considered cell lines.

Silver nanoparticles mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung cancer A549.

The present study was aimed to synthesize the silver nanoparticles from Alangium salvifolium Wang. and evaluating its biomedical applications. The leaves of A. salvifolium collected and subjected for the standard procedure of Soxhlet extraction using distilled water as a solvent. With the help of an aqueous extract AgNPs were synthesized from silver nitrate using phyto-reduction method. Further, synthesized AgNPs were characterized using several analytical techniques such as UV, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, particles size and zeta potential. Synthesized AgNPs were tested for antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer for lung cancer cell line and flowcytometry-based pathway studies. The visual observation confirmed the formation of AgNPs from the aqueous extract by changing yellow to brown colour formation. Further, characterization techniques also confirmed the formation of AgNPs. Antibacterial activity results showed that the tested AgNPs were potent against bacterial pathogens with a higher zone of inhibition. Further, the antioxidant and anticancer activity of AgNPs revealed that the AgNPs have exhibited significant results with a good percentage of inhibition. Further, the flow cytometry studies confirmed that the AgNPs inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung cancer. The phytochemicals of A. salvifolium plant have successfully synthesized AgNPs. In the case of performed biological activity, the synthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited potent activity. In future these AgNPs can be taken for molecular and in vivo studies to identify their efficacy using in vivo and molecular models.

SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FOR GAS-DIFFUSION ELECTRODES APPLICATION

The aim of the current study is to explore the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a catalyst in air gas-diffusion electrodes (AGDE). AgNPs have been successfully synthesized through an original sonochemical method. The effects of reagent concentrations, temperature and reaction time were studied as well. Composites of AgNPs and activated carbon (Norit NK) were prepared by using two adsorption methods to demonstrate the catalytic activity. Method 1 involves homogenizing preliminary prepared AgNPs colloid solution and Norit NK followed by evaporation of the suspension. One-step route was used for Method 2, i.e. all components were mixed altogether and sonicated, resulting in the AgNPs formation directly on the surface and inside the pores of Norit NK. Additionally,some of the samples were thermally treated at 300°C for 1h under air and argon. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM/EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalytic activity of the obtained composites regarding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated in AGDE using an aqueous 4M NaCl electrolyte. The thermally treated composite obtained via Method 2 appears to show improved electrochemical catalytic activity regarding ORR in comparison to the Method 1 samples.

One-pot synthesis and characterizations of highly conductive reduced graphene oxide-silver nanohybrid at various reaction time

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were incorporated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets to form rGO-Ag nanohybrid. The nanohybrid was synthesized using galactose as both reducing and stabilizing agents in various reaction times (4, 8, 16, and 24 hours). Its morphological and structural characteristics were analyzed using UV–Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity was assessed with a two-point probe method. The 16 hours synthesis time produced the best results: UV–Vis confirmed monodispersed spherical AgNPs on rGO; XRD indicated a crystallite size of 11.83 nm; and HRTEM showed the formation of AgNPs with average size 11 nm. Additionally, 16-h rGO-Ag nanohybrid exhibited the lowest resistance (68.82 Ω) and highest conductance (14.52 × 10−3 Sm−1). Consequently, this sample demonstrates superior electrical properties, making it ideal for various electrical device applications.

Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Mitragyna parvifolia bark extract and their biological activities: an economical and environment-friendly approach

ABSTRACT Nowadays, nanotechnology is extensively employed in the medical profession. In this study, we used the aqueous extract of the bark of Mitragyna parvifolia to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by microwave-assisted green synthesis. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by visual color change to brown color and characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 432 nm. The hydrodynamic diameter of the AgNPs was 171.81 nm having a zeta potential of −24.14 mV; Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of different functional groups on the NP surface; Scanning Electron Microscope and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy indicated predominantly circular shape of nanoparticle; Selected Area Electron Diffraction and X-ray Diffraction analyses determined the crystalline structure of AgNPs. Energy-Dispersive X-ray indicated the elemental composition and formation of AgNPs. The AgNPs were screened at different concentrations for antioxidant activity, antimicrobial, and anticancer potential in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The AgNPs exhibited remarkable antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. The sedative and antinociceptive activities were also tested on Swiss albino mice, which showed mild sedative and very potent antinociceptive activity. However, detailed mechanistic studies are warranted in the future for clinical application of the AgNPs as a biologically active agent as well as a carrier for drug delivery.

In silico mechanistic insights of ecofriendly synthesized AgNPs, SeNPs, rGO and Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's for biological applications and its toxicity evaluation using Artemia salina

The present study focused on Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. leaves extract (ROE) mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver and selenium nanoparticles decorated on rGO nanomaterials (Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's) for its antibacterial and antifungal in silico mechanistic insight applications. In addition, the toxicity of the synthesized nanomaterials was evaluated using Artemia salina. The formation of AgNPs, SeNPs, rGO and Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's was completed within 1.0, 140, 120 and 144 h, respectively. Various optical and microscopic examinations were evident in the nanomaterial's synthesis. Further, the average size and stability of the synthesized nanomaterials were conformed through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyzer, respectively. The synthesized Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's were pronounced promising results against Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and the results achieved from the route of entry and action, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant nature of nanoparticles were evidence of its properties. Computational studies further supported these findings, indicating much of the phytochemicals present in ROE well interact with the bacterial surface proteins. Similarly, the synthesized Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's was effective against Fusarium graminearum and Alternaria alternata in a dose dependent manner than its original nanomaterials. In addition, the docking study also confirmed that rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid prominently interacted with the fungal proteins. Interestingly, Ag&SeNPs@rGONM's pronounced less toxic effect compared to AgNPs and SeNPs against Artemia salina, which shows its biocompatibility.

Biosynthesis and in vivo wound healing abilities of Dactyloctenium aegyptium-mediated silver nanoparticles used as hydrogel dressing

Wounds offer a medium for the growth of pathogens and their entry into the body, which necessitates effective wound healing treatments. Herein, we report the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Dactyloctenium aegyptium extract as a capping and reducing agent for wound healing applications. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and in vitro antibacterial activity. Nanoparticles were then incorporated into PVA, Na-alginate, and gelatin-based hydrogel dressings to investigate their in vivo wound healing capability in rats. The color change of the reaction mixture and the surface plasmon resonance (400 nm) confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FT-IR analysis revealed the involvement of plant extract phytochemicals in the capping and stabilization of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were crystalline in nature, with an average crystallite size of 28.03 nm and exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and E. coli (ZOI 19 ± 0.0, 9 ± 0.0, 13 ± 0.0, and 13 ± 0.0 mm respectively). Furthermore, silver nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels showed accelerated wound healing in rats compared to untreated rats and rats treated with a commercial product. Thus, the developed hydrogel dressing has the potential for clinical application in wound healing and infection treatment.

From Ficus recemosa Leaf Galls to Therapeutic Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Anticancer Applications.

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using environmentally friendly methods has become increasingly important due to its sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study investigates the green synthesis of AgNPs using gall extracts from the plant Ficus recemosa, known for its high phytochemical content. The formation of AgNPs was verified through multiple analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential analysis, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The UV-Vis spectroscopy results displayed a distinct surface plasmon resonance peak indicative of AgNP formation. FTIR analysis revealed specific interactions between silver ions and phytochemicals in the gall extract, while TEM images confirmed the nanoscale morphology and size of the synthesized particles. Zeta potential and DLS analyses provided insights into the stability and size distribution of the AgNPs, demonstrating good colloidal stability. Biological properties of the AgNPs were assessed through various assays. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, showing significant inhibitory effects. The anticancer potential was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay on Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells, revealing considerable cytotoxicity. Additionally, antimitotic activity was studied in the dividing root cells of Allium cepa, where the AgNPs significantly inhibited cell division. This research highlights the effective use of F. recemosa gall extracts for the green synthesis of AgNPs, presenting an eco-friendly approach to producing nanoparticles with strong antimicrobial, anticancer, and antimitotic properties. The promising results suggest potential applications of these biogenic AgNPs in medical and agricultural sectors, paving the way for further exploration and utilization.