Aging Process Research Articles

Aging and periodontium: Slowing aging process by improving periodontal health

Introduction: Aging is characterized by a progressive decline or loss of physiological functions, leading to increased susceptibility to disease or death. The periodontium, a complex structure surrounding and supporting the teeth, is composed of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Supportive and protective roles of the periodontium are very critical to sustain life, but the periodontium undergoes morphological and physiological changes with age. Purpose: The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings of delaye aging process by improving periodontal health. Conclusion: Daily oral hygiene maintenance with toothbrushing, flossing, mouthrinsing and appropriate use of anti-oxidants, such as vitamin C, as well as regular visit to dentist or periodontist is mandatory to maintain healthy periodontal tissue which support general health, also slowing down aging process

FATORES DE RISCOS DE QUEDAS EM IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS: UMA REVISAO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA

This work aims to point out the main causes of falls in institutionalized elderly people, taking into account the hypothetical factors linked to the natural process of physiological aging, lack of adequacy of long-term care institutions, heavy use of medications, degenerative diseases and hereditary diseases. The study aims to identify the main causes of falls in the elderly, so that there is prevention and reduction in hospitalization. This is an integrative literature review with exploratory objectives through bibliographic research. The searches for articles took place in the main databases, Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed with a time frame of ten years. The search results provided 49 articles, after going through the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 8 articles were selected for writing the results and discussion. Studies show that long-term care institutions are not prepared to receive these elderly people, due to a lack of infrastructure, inadequate ergonomics and the lack of assistance with a multidisciplinary team for the elderly.

Molecular Aspects of Loss of Y-linked Proteins and Their Potential Applications in Cell Biology

Loss of proteins linked to Y chromosome (LOY) is a biomarker in human that is typically found in male blood samples. In healthy males, its frequency often rises with age. Additionally, it has lately been linked to numerous illnesses, including cancer with significantly high prevalence. A healthy male development depends on the Y chromosome and associated proteins. The deletion of this chromosome’s proteins or even its LOY variant may have effects on the male body. These proteins serve purposes beyond those of the male reproductive system. Paternity testing, ancestry research, and sexual assault investigations are just a few of the forensic situations where Y-linked protein analyses are frequently used. Due to its connection to the aging process, LOY detection has the benefit of being a biological age biomarker. The possibility of using LOY as a biomarker brings to light the need to define the molecular process underlying its occurrence and its potential applications in both health and forensic studies. Humans frequently experience LOY, a non-physiological post-zygotic molecular change that mostly affects male blood cells[Forsberg, 2017; Forsberg et al., 2017]. It is a natural part of aging and has been related to a number of illnesses, including as Alzheimer’s, Autoimmune disorders, Schizophrenia, Cardiovascular problems, and different malignancies[Holmes et al., 1985;Persanietal., 2012; Dumanskiet al., 2016; Forsberg, 2017; Forsberg et al., 2017; Haitjemaet al., 2017;]. It is possible to think about LOY as a biological age marker and a biomarker that predicts male age-related disorders [Dumanskiet al., 2016].However, LOY analysis might obstruct the forensic examination of male samples while also being helpful in forensic investigations by offering important details.

Predicting aging of IGBT solder layer using saturation voltage approach with CPO-SVR data modeling

Addressing the criticality of IGBT modules in power electronics and reliability challenges in industrial applications, this study focuses on solving the important problem of solder layer aging failure in IGBT modules. Under defined operating conditions, a specific set of electrical parameters, notably the collector-emitter saturation voltage Vce(sat), serves as a critical indicator for monitoring the degradation of solder layers within IGBT modules. This parameter is indicative of potential solder layer aging failures, which can be identified and studied to predict and mitigate such failures effectively. In order to analyze the aging trend more deeply and accurately, a new nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithm based on Crested Porcupine Optimizer is introduced. Combining multiple data during the operation of the IGBT module, such as gate voltage, gate current, heatsink temperature, case temperature, collector-emitter current, and Vce(sat), the parameter optimization is carried out by using CPO, and a prediction model based on the optimization of the SVR by CPO is established, which is successfully implemented to predict the accurate prediction of IGBT module solder layer lifetime. The study also validates the effectiveness of the CPO-SVR method on an accelerated aging dataset of IGBT modules provided by NASA Lab. The results of this research contribute to an in-depth understanding and prediction of the aging process of IGBT modules, which in turn improves the reliability and lifetime of the devices.

Epigenetic age acceleration predicts subject-specific white matter degeneration in the human brain.

Epigenetic clocks provide powerful tools for estimating health and lifespan but their ability to predict brain degeneration and neuronal damage during the aging process is unknown. In this study, we use GrimAge, an epigenetic clock correlated to several blood plasma proteins, to longitudinally investigate brain cellular microstructure in axonal white matter from a cohort of healthy aging individuals. A specific focus was made on white matter hyperintensities, a visible neurological manifestation of small vessel disease, and the axonal pathways throughout each individual's brain affected by their unique white matter hyperintensity location and volume. 98 subjects over 55 years of age were scanned at baseline with 41 returning for a follow-up scan 2 years later. Using diffusion MRI lesionometry, we reconstructed subject-specific networks of affected axonal tracts and examined the diffusion cellular microstructure composition of these areas, both at baseline and longitudinally, for evidence of cellular degeneration. A chronological age-adjusted version of GrimAge was significantly correlated with baseline WMH volume and markers of neuronal decline, indicated by increased extracellular free water, increased intracellular signal, and decreased axonal signal within WMH. By isolating subject-specific axonal regions "lesioned" by crossing through a WMH, age-adjusted GrimAge was also able to predict longitudinal development of similar patterns of neuronal decline throughout the brain. This study is the first to demonstrate WMH lesionometry as a subject-specific precision imaging technique to study degeneration in aging and the first to establish a relationship between accelerated epigenetic GrimAge and brain cellular microstructure in humans.

Thermal oxidative aging behavior and lifetime prediction of fluoroether rubber

Fluoroether rubber's performance offers extensive application potential in harsh conditions. This article investigates the thermal-oxidative aging behavior and life prediction of fluoroether rubber using methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Compression Set. Results indicate that with prolonged aging, fluoroether rubber exhibits decreased heat resistance, damaged TAIC crosslink structures, and weakened characteristic peak intensities of main chains and side groups, leading to changes in rubber structure. Throughout the aging process, hardness, physical crosslink density, glass transition temperature, and compressive stress gradually increase, while mechanical properties decline. Using compression set as an indicator, service life at various temperatures was predicted, providing theoretical guidance for improving the reliability of fluoroether rubber seals and expanding their engineering applications.

Современное производство и особенности хранения томатов в России

Abstract. Tomato is a widely grown crop in Russia both in open and protected ground, has high gross harvest and yield capacity rates. During storage, being a climacteric culture, it matures quickly, which leads to accelerated breathing and evaporation of moisture, loss of the presentation of the product. The process of maturation and aging of tomatoes is associated with the peculiarity of biochemical processes inside the fruit during storage, while the content of biologically valuable substances decreases, the quality of stored products and organoleptic indicators deteriorate. The accelerated aging process is facilitated by the development of diseases caused by both the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms (fungal, bacterial, viral) and those arising from non-infectious exposure (temperature, relative humidity, mechanical damage, etc.). In this regard, in order to preserve the quality and increase the duration of storage, it is relevant to search for domestic and foreign sources characterizing the features of tomato fruits as an object of storage, for further research and development in the field of storage technologies that reduce the rate of biochemical processes, prevent or reduce the intensity of fruit damage during storage. In the article the structural features of tomato fruits were studied, tomato varieties were described, and also data on production volume were provided. It is noted that over the past few years there has been an increase in gross harvest and yield capacity with a simultaneous decrease in acreage, the biochemical composition of tomato fruits and its changes occurring during maturation and storage are described, infectious (caused by pathogenic microorganisms) and non-communicable diseases that contribute to the rapid maturation and spoilage of tomato fruits during storage are described. Key words: tomato, classification, production, structure, storage biochemical processes, diseases

Characteristic lipids and their potential functions generated during the aging process of yak ghee

Yak ghee is an important food source for Tibetan herdsmen; however, the lipid composition, functional lipids changed and best consumption period during the aging process of yak ghee have not been determined. In this study, we identified a total of 386 lipids in Zhongdian yak ghee during aging, including glycerolipids (292 species), glycerophospholipids (47 species), sphingolipids (24 species), and fatty acyls (23 species). The lipids in yak ghee dynamically changed during aging, with the final product containing several polyunsaturated fatty acids (including linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid), indicating its high nutritional value. Lipid fingerprints of yak ghee during aging revealed that triglyceride (16:0/16:0/20:5) and triglyceride (18:1/18:3/21:0) etc. were the characteristic lipids in aged yak ghee. The characteristic lipids in yak ghee were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerolipid metabolism, and ether lipid metabolism pathways. This study provides insight into the lipid changes of yak ghee during aging, which offers a theoretical basis for the development of high-value yak ghee products.

Advanced glycation end-products and metabolomics are independently associated with frailty: the longitudinal Doetinchem Cohort Study.

Skin autofluorescence (SAF), reflecting advanced glycation end-products' accumulation in tissue, has been proposed as a non-invasive aging biomarker. Yet, SAF has not been compared to well-established blood-based aging biomarkers such as MetaboHealth in association with frailty. Furthermore, no previous study determined the longitudinal association of SAF with frailty. We used 2382 Doetinchem Cohort Study participants' (aged 46.0 to 85.4) cross-sectional data, of whom 1654 had longitudinal SAF measurements. SAF was measured using the AGE reader™. MetaboHealth was calculated on 1H-NMR-metabolomics. Linear regressions were used for the associations of SAF and MetaboHealth on the 36-deficit frailty index and logistic regressions for being pre-frail or frail as determined by the frailty phenotype. Longitudinal associations were determined by an interaction term between age and SAF in a linear mixed model. SAF and MetaboHealth were associated with higher odds of pre-frailty (odd ratios per standard deviation SAF: 1.21(1.10;1.32), MetaboHealth: 1.35(1.24;1.49)) and frailty (SAF: 1.70(1.41;2.06), MetaboHealth: 1.90(1.57;2.32)). When mutually adjusted, both aging biomarkers remained associated with pre-frailty (SAF: 1.16(1.05;1.27), MetaboHealth 1.33(1.21;1.46)) and frailty (SAF: 1.52(1.25;1.85), MetaboHealth: 1.75(1.43;2.14)). Additionally, SAF and MetaboHealth were associated with higher frailty index scores (percentage increase per standard deviation SAF:1.35(1.00;1.70), MetaboHealth: 1.87(1.54;2.20)), also after mutual adjustment (SAF: 1.02(0.68;1.37), MetaboHealth: 1.69(1.35;2.02)). SAF was also longitudinally associated with the frailty index (percentage per unit/year increase 0.12(0.07;0.16)). The mutual independence of SAF and MetaboHealth implies they capture distinct aspects of the aging process. Altogether, these findings emphasize SAF's clinical potential as an age-related decline biomarker, which could be further enhanced when combined with MetaboHealth.

Versatility of megakaryocytes in homeostasis and disease.

Megakaryocytes (MKs) constitute a small portion of bone marrow cells and are primarily responsible for producing platelets, which are essential for hemostasis and wound healing. Recent studies have revealed that MKs and platelets perform diverse functions in various physiological and pathological contexts. This comprehensive review highlights the functional diversity of MKs beyond thrombopoiesis, including their roles in regulating hematopoietic stem cells, modulating immune responses, contributing to hematological malignancies, and influencing aging processes.

Neurogenic Aging After Spinal Cord Injury: Highlighting the Unique Characteristics of Aging After Spinal Cord Injury

Emanating from several decades of study into the effects of the aging process after spinal cord injury (SCI), “accelerated aging” has become a common expression as the SCI accelerates the onset of age-related pathologies. However, the aging process follows a distinct trajectory, characterized by unique patterns of decline that differ from those observed in the general population without SCI. Aging brings significant changes to muscles, bones, and hormones, impacting overall physical function. Muscle mass and strength begin to decrease with a reduction in muscle fibers and impaired repair mechanisms. Bones become susceptible to fractures as bone density decreases. Hormonal changes combined with decreased physical activity accelerate the reduction of muscle mass and increase in body fat. Muscle atrophy and skeletal muscle fiber type transformation occur rapidly and in a unique pattern after SCI. Bone loss develops more rapidly and results in an increased risk of fractures in body regions unique to individuals with SCI. Other factors, such as excessive adiposity, decreased testosterone and human growth hormone, and increased systemic inflammation, contribute to a higher risk of neuropathically driven obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Cardiorespiratory changes after SCI result in lower exercise heart rates, decreased oxygenation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. While it is important to acknowledge the accelerated aging processes after SCI, it is essential to recognize the distinct differences in the aging process between individuals without physical disabilities and those with SCI. These differences, influenced by neuropathology, indicate that it may be more accurate to describe the aging process in individuals with chronic SCI as neurogenic accelerated aging (NAA). Research should continue to address conditions associated with NAA and how to ameliorate the accelerated rate of premature age-related conditions. This review focuses on the NAA processes and the differences between them and the aging process in those without SCI. Recommendations are provided to help slow the development of premature aging conditions.

The current state and prospects of peptides use in cosmeceuticals

Aim. To analyze the range of peptides in cosmeceuticals. Materials and methods. The study materials were publications in scientific periodicals. The study used methods of content analysis, comparative, logical, analytical methods and generalization of information. Results. The analysis of scientific literature data has shown that bioactive peptides of various origins are widely used as active ingredients in cosmeceuticals. In 2022, the global market for the synthesis of cosmetic peptides was estimated in 195.3 million USD. The market is expanding due to the growing consumer demand for skin care and anti-ageing products. Consumers are shifting towards a holistic approach to beauty, appreciating products that not only provide instant results, but also support the skin’s natural processes. Peptides, with their various benefits, perfectly match this approach by promoting skin elasticity from the inside, providing a long-lasting positive result. Peptides can be used to address specific skin problems, such as hyperpigmentation, acne and inflammation. According to the mechanism of action, biologically active peptides are classified as carrier peptides, signal peptides, neurotransmitter inhibitor peptides and enzyme inhibitor peptides. Carrier peptides facilitate the transport of cofactors, such as copper and manganese, across the skin barrier. Both cofactors are essential for enzymatic reactions involved in preventing aging and wound healing. Copper tripeptide-1 and manganese tripeptide-1 are examples of carrier peptides that have been successfully used to reduce fine lines, wrinkles and hyperpigmentation associated with photoaging. Signal peptides or matrikines are derived from extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, elastin and fibronectin. Matrikines interact with specific receptors that stimulate the synthesis, repair and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. These peptides also regulate the activity of certain key enzymes involved in the aging process, such as collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase and hyaluronidase. Neurotransmitter inhibitor peptides are the latest cosmeceutical peptides. Similar to botulinum toxins, these peptides prevent the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction. Inhibiting this process relaxes facial muscles, preventing the formation of fine lines and wrinkles. Neurotransmitter inhibitor peptides are a safer alternative to traditional botulinum toxin treatment with fewer potential side effects. Enzyme inhibitor peptides have become popular active ingredients in anti-ageing cosmetics. This class of peptides inhibits the activity of certain enzymes involved in various biochemical processes of the skin. Their application in cosmeceuticals is to control or inhibit those processes that cause skin damage, aging or loss of elasticity. Conclusions. The study of peptides for use in cosmeceuticals has opened new prospects in skin care and aesthetic medicine. Bioactive peptides of various origins – from plants, animals, marine organisms, and edible insects – exhibit a wide range of properties, including antiaging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Peptides open new horizons in the creation of innovative cosmeceuticals, especially when combined with other active components, such as antioxidants or retinoids. Their safety, ability to biodegrade and spot impact make peptides an attractive ingredient for solving various dermatological problems without the side effects of more aggressive skin correction methods.

Advanced liver fibrosis, but not MASLD, is associated with accelerated biological aging: a population-based study

BackgroundThe process of biological aging in patients diagnosed with chronic liver disease remains unclear.AimThe current study aims to investigate if there is an accelerated biological aging process in participants with advanced fibrosis (AF) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).MethodsData from the 2017–2018 NHANES cycle were analyzed. AF was determined based on the values of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and MASLD was defined according to new consensus nomenclature. Klemera-Doubal method biological age (KDM bioage) and Phenotypic age (Phenoage) were adopted to quantify biological age. Phenoage advancement (Phenoage_advance) and KDM advancement (KDM_advance) were generated as the difference between the calculated biological age and chronological age, and a positive residual was regarded as an indicator of accelerated biological aging.ResultsA total of 3974 participants was enrolled. The weight mean KDM_advance and phenoage_advance in AF group was 4.22 years (95%CI: 2.96–5.49 years) and 2.61 years (95%CI: 1.80–3.41 years), while in MASLD group was 0.37 years (95%CI: -0.28–1.03 years) and 0.04 years (95%CI: -0.64–0.72 years), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that participants with AF had older KDM_advance and phenoage_advance compared with those without AF (1.50 years (95%CI: 0.23–2.77 years), P = 0.02; 1.00 years (95%CI: 0.18–1.82 years), P = 0.02; respectively), in models adjusting demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. No significant association was found between MASLD and KDM_advance and phenoage_advance.ConclusionsAF, not MASLD, was independently associated with accelerated biological aging in adults from a US representative sample.

Evaluating Impact of Thermo-Oxidative and Ultraviolet Aging on Performance of Hot In-Place Recycled Asphalt Mixtures

Hot in-place recycling (HIR) is a sustainable pavement rehabilitation method. However, it is susceptible to aging processes that can compromise its mechanical properties and long-term performance. This study investigates the effects of thermo-oxidative (TO) and ultraviolet (UV) aging on HIR mixtures. Basic performance tests were conducted on the aggregate gradation, moisture content, and asphalt content of the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to assess the aging level. Simulations of long-term and short-term oxidative aging of the HIR mixture, along with 12 months of UV irradiation, were performed to evaluate its high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, and water stability. The Verhulst model was employed to establish a predictive equation for performance attenuation under UV aging. To quantify the photoaging effect, indicators for UV aging degree were proposed to characterize the road performance of the HIR mixture, including the aging rate and the aging residual index. Results indicate that the improvement in high-temperature performance after aging is limited, but cracking resistance decreases substantially. Notably, the flexural tensile strain was reduced by 129.25 με for 10 years of TO aging compared to 12 months of UV exposure, underscoring the importance of considering environmental factors in performance predictions. This study emphasizes the need for enhanced aging mitigation strategies to improve the sustainability and reliability of HIR mixtures in practical applications.

Gaming-Based Tele-Exercise Program to Improve Physical Function in Frail Older Adults: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Frailty leads to reduced physical activity can cause increased fall risk. This contributes to accelerated aging processes, leading to adverse health outcomes and reduced quality of life. We have developed and piloted the design, usability, safety, and feasibility of a gaming-based cognitive-motor (CogXergaming) tele-exercise protocol in prefrail older adults. This pilot randomized control trial tested preliminary feasibility and effectiveness of the CogXergaming telehealth protocol for improving physical function. Community-dwelling, prefrail older adults were randomly assigned to CogXergaming (n=13) or a control group (n=14). The CogXergaming group received supervised tele-exercises in a gaming format for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week) comprising 18 sessions lasting 90 minutes each. Control group participants participated in a Matter of Balance (MOB), an 8-week, once-a-week structured 90-minute tele-session that has been shown to reduce the fear of falling and increase physical activity. Feasibility of training was obtained by computing the median duration of training sessions for the CogXergaming group. Effectiveness was assessed using dynamic balance control (Four Square Step Test), subjective self-efficacy (Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale), gait function (Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment), muscle strength (30-second chair stand test), and endurance (2-minute step in-place test). Of the 45 participants enrolled in the study, 4 participants from CogXergaming group and 5 from MOB group lost contact after signing the consent form and did not receive their respective intervention. Eighteen participants were randomized to each group. In the CogXergaming group, 15 (83%) completed the intervention, with 3 (16%) dropping out in the first week. In the MOB group, 16 (88%) completed the program, with 2 (11%) withdrawing during the first week. In addition, there was a significant time group interaction for Four Square Step Test (F1,21=5.55, P=.03), Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (F1,25=4.16, P=.05), and 30-second chair stand test (F1,21=5.06, P=.03), with a significant improvement in these measures for the CogXergaming group post training, compared with no change observed in the MOB group. These pilot findings indicate that CogXergaming is feasible and applicable in prefrail older adults. Such game-based protocols can be beneficial in improving physical function among community-dwelling, prefrail older adults, however, the efficacy of such training requires further investigation. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04534686; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04534686.

Facing COVID-19: Guidelines for Gypsy People

view of the risk of transmission and contamination by SARS-Cov-2, at the beginning of the pandemic period of the Covid-19 clinical syndrome. Theoretical reference: The Roma people correspond to an ethnic group with their own language, Romani, flag and anthem recognized by the UN. Historically, they are considered to have originated in India, having gone through diasporas. One of them would have been towards the Iberian Peninsula. However, along with Jews, Arabs and other minority groups, they were also exiled from there and brought to Colonial Brazil. Therefore, their history has remained invisible to the present day, consequently, prejudices and stereotypes are also maintained in the new continent. These socio-cultural determinants impact the health of this population in various aspects. Although there are public policies aimed at health care for the Roma people in Brazil, they are very little known by both, Roma people and health professionals. Method: This historical record is methodologically presented as a case study because it takes the opportunity to discuss the phenomenology involved in preparing health education materials. Results and Conclusion: As results, the hand hygiene booklet and the video on movement and rhythm were presented. Next, the communication intentions outlined in figures in the Booklet for the Gypsy People with preventive guidelines for Covid-19 were discussed point by point. These intervention strategies were discussed, highlighting the need-to-know basic cultural aspects so that collective health objectives can be achieved, making the information meaningful to this ethnic group. To achieve this, gypsies from the Gypsy Union of Brazil and people authorized by them to speak about their culture participated: together with students from the Multidisciplinary League of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (LAFFH/UNIFASE), the Environmental Health, Parasitology, Bioethics Extension Project (SAPB-LIPAT-FF/UFRJ), the Laboratory of Studies on the Aging Process of the Psychosocial Care Program of the Institute of Psychiatry of UFRJ (PROVE-MEPPSO-IPUB/UFRJ), having circulated such information via a smartphone application to gypsies from Rio de Janeiro, other states in the country and even other Latin American countries. The Homeopathy Service of the 7th Ward of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia Hospital in Rio de Janeiro joined this movement of primary health care and psychosocial care via matrix support. It made its health space available for online educational activities, in addition to the Public Health Course of the undergraduate medical school. Implications of research: All superior educational schools involved extended information to gypsy groups present in the various metropolitan regions of Rio de Janeiro to which they provide services. As a limitation, the limited number of people who gave feedback to health professionals (although they did give feedback to their leaders) is attributed, making it necessary to investigate the phenomenon observed. There is also a need for a pedagogical metric evaluation of the booklet used. The conclusion is that these preliminary activities, prior to the use of mass vaccination for vulnerable groups, are positive, especially given the perceived risk of new outbreaks of Covid-19. Originality/value: As a contribution, in addition to the preventive information aimed at reducing transmissibility and accidents with 70% alcohol, it was carefully adapted to the cultural aspects of the gypsy people. Therefore, work on primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention for this ethnic group will continue.

Possibilities of gene, cellular and pharmacological approaches to correct age-related changes

Improvement of the human habitat has led to an increase in average life expectancy. Long life goes hand in hand with old age, which reduces the quality of human life and it is an acute social problem. Thus, the search for approaches that can improve the quality of life, the ability to live it without age-related diseases is an extremely urgent task. Aging of the body begins with the aging of cells, in which the activation of the aging process occurs through the induction of specific signaling pathways, which irreversibly divides the life of any cell into “before and after”. Aging cells are able to influence their microenvironment, secreting more inflammatory signaling molecules and inducing pathological changes in neighboring cells. The accumulation and long-term preservation of aged cells lead to deterioration of the condition of tissues and organs, and ultimately to a decrease in the quality of life and an increased risk of death. Among the most promising approaches to the correction of aging and age-related diseases are pharmacological, gene and cell therapy. Increasing the expression of aging suppressor genes, using certain populations of native and genetically modified cells, as well as senolytic drugs can help delay aging and associated diseases for a more distant future. This review examines currently studied approaches and achievements in the field of anti-aging therapy, in particular gene therapy using adeno-associated vectors and approaches based on cell therapy.

EIF4A3-induced hsa_circ_0127071 promotes human glomerular mesangial cells senescence via JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have garnered attention for their potential involvement in the regulation of cellular aging processes. Exploring the role and mechanism of circRNAs in cellular senescence may help to identify new anti-aging therapeutic targets. In the present study, we investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of hsa_circ_0127071 in renal aging. We employed high-throughput sequencing to assess circRNA expression differences in kidney tissues from young and old groups. qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of hsa_circ_0127071 in kidney tissue of the old group was significantly higher than that of the young group. Cellular senescence was evaluated using SA-β-Gal staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Using RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA Pull-Down Assay (RNA pull down), and Western Blot (WB) to study the interaction between hsa_circ_0127071 and aging related pathway proteins. In this study, we found that the expression of hsa_circ_0127071 in kidney tissue of the old group was significantly higher than that of the young group. Silencing of EIF4A3, a protein involved in the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway, was found to delay the aging process. On the basis of silencing EIF4A3 expression, the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway was activated by Erythropoietin (EPO) processing, and the senescence of Human glomerular mesangial cells(HGMCs) increased. After treatment with Losartan (LOS), the activity of JAK2/STAT5 pathway was decreased and the aging process of HGMCs was delayed. Our findings demonstrate that hsa_circ_0127071 promotes renal aging through the EIF4A3/JAK2/STAT5 signaling axis, highlighting a novel potential therapeutic target for the management of renal aging and associated disorders.

A proton exchange membrane fuel cells degradation prediction method based on multi-scale temporal information merging network

Performance degradation prediction is considered as an effective method to improve the service life of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). A hybrid method Multi-scale Temporal Information Merging Network (MTIMN) is then proposed for PEMFC degradation prediction, which is designed to merge information from both macro and micro perspectives in PEMFC historical working data. Firstly, a data preprocessing method based on P-M scores and min-max wavelet denoising is designed to eliminate redundant variables and noise considering the structure of PEMFC and data statistics. Secondly, aiming at the voltage recovery phenomenon during the aging process, a Multi-scale Exponential Decomposition Encoding Module (MEDEM) is presented to extract and encode different time scales of sequences from the PEMFC degradation data. Thirdly, a two-layer Historical Information Integration Module (HIIM) is established, which consists of the trend extraction module and the local extraction module, to extract deep dynamic nonlinear characteristics. Finally, the Merging Prediction Module (MPM) merges information from trend and local modules for the final output. The experimental results show that Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are 0.0107 and 0.0079, respectively. Therefore, MTIMN can effectively extract deep dynamic nonlinear characteristics in PEMFC degradation data and improve prediction accuracy greatly.

Circular RNAs as multifaceted molecular regulators of vital activity and potential biomarkers of aging.

Aging presents a significant challenge to health and social care systems due to the increasing proportion of the elderly population. The identification of reliable biomarkers to assess the progression of aging remains an unresolved question. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded covalently closed RNAs. They have been found to regulate various biological processes. CircRNAs are present in human biological fluids, are relatively stable, and accumulate with age, making them promising as biomarkers of aging. Current information on the expression of circRNAs in aging was analyzed using scientific databases. In this review, we have identified key stages in the study of circRNAs during aging and summarized the current understanding of their biogenesis. By focusing on the role of circRNAs in processes that contribute to aging - such as genomic stability, metabolism, cell death, and signaling pathways - we hypothesize that circRNAs may drive the aging process through their age-related accumulation and resultant deregulation. Examples of age-related differential expression of circRNAs in various species, including humans, are provided. This review highlights the importance of finding novel epigenetic biomarkers of aging, beyond the already identified molecules (circFOXO3, circRNA100783, circPVT1), and highlights circRNAs as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of age-associated diseases.