Aged Group Research Articles

Mixed-Age Group Teaching in Second Language Learning: An Observational Study of a Montessori Classroom in Pakistan

This study aimed to highlight the effects of teaching young students of 3to 6 years in mix aged groups, especially in language learning. Themixed method study employed purposive sampling, where observationsof a class with 40 students, and semi-structured interviews of 2Montessori Directresses were the chosen mode of investigation. Thesetting of the classrooms and the nature of the interactions and exchangesamong the mix aged students creates an almost familial environment,where the older students take on the roles of mentors and help youngerstudents learn and correct their errors. The participants asserted that therewas seldom any conflict or clash of interests in the Montessoriclassroom, as the energies of all students were engaged positively. Theobservations also showed that peer interactions and collaborative work inthe group lessons and at the times of free student play, were contributingfactors in second language acquisitions and learning the patterns of thenew language inductively.

Caloric restriction increases the resistance of aged heart to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating AMPK–SIRT1–PGC1a energy metabolism pathway

A large number of data suggest that caloric restriction (CR) has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) in the elderly. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we created the I/R model in vivo by ligating the mice left coronary artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion. C57BL/6J wild-type mice were randomly divided into a young group fed ad libitum (y-AL), aged fed ad libitum (a-AL) and aged calorie restriction group (a-CR, 70% diet restriction), and fed for 6 weeks. The area of myocardial infarction was measured by Evan’s blue-TTC staining, plasma cholesterol content quantified by ELISA, fatty acids and glucose measured by Langendorff working system, as well as protein expression of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1a signaling pathway related factors in myocardial tissue detected by immunoblotting. Our results showed that CR significantly reduced infarct size in elderly mice after I/R injury, promoted glycolysis regardless of I/R injury, and restored myocardial glucose uptake in elderly mice. Compared with a-AL group, CR significantly promoted the expression of p-AMPK, SIRT1, p-PGC1a, and SOD2, but decreased PPARγ expression in aged mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that CR protects elderly mice from I/R injury by altering myocardial substrate energy metabolism via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1a pathway.

Profile of emergency department overuse in hospitalized patients with pulmonary disease and its impact on mortality

Introduction and objectivesPortugal is one of the countries with the highest number of visits to the emergency department (ED), 31% classified as “non-urgent” or “avoidable.” The objectives of our study were to evaluate the size and characteristics of patients with pulmonary disease who overuse the ED, and identify factors associated with mortality. Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, based on the medical records of ED frequent users (ED-FU) with pulmonary disease who attended a university hospital center in the northern inner city of Lisbon from January 1 to December 31, 2019. To evaluate mortality, a follow-up until December 31, 2020 was performed. ResultsOver 5,567 (4.3%) patients were identified as ED-FU and 174 (0.14%) had pulmonary disease as the main clinical condition, accounting for 1,030 ED visits. 77.2% of ED visits were categorized as “urgent/very urgent.” A high mean age (67.8 years), male gender, social and economic vulnerability, high burden of chronic disease and comorbidities, with a high degree of dependency, characterized the profile of these patients. A high proportion (33.9%) of patients did not have a family physician assigned and this was the most important factor associated with mortality (p<0.001; OR: 24.394; CI 95%: 6.777–87.805). Advanced cancer disease and autonomy deficit were other clinical factors that most determined the prognosis. ConclusionsPulmonary ED-FU are a small group of ED-FU who constitute an aged and heterogeneous group with a high burden of chronic disease and disability. The lack of an assigned family physician was the most important factor associated with mortality, as well as advanced cancer disease and autonomy deficit.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus in Sera of Aborted Women in Samaraa city

The aim of this study was to detect the relationship between Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus infections and occurrence of abortion. The records of 173 aborted women between age of less than twenty years and fifty years old attending to the hospital of Samaraa general hospital from October 2015 to April 2016 were reviewed. Investigation by using VIDAS technique represented that T. Gondii antibodies showed in 54(31.2 %) of aborted women ,while 23(13.3 %) represented infected with Cytomegalovirus and 7(4.1%) were infected with both Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus. Also the study showed that 77 (44.5%) of aborted women were in aged groups between 21-30 years old ,and the anti-toxoplasmosis IgM &amp;IgG found in 66(38.2%) and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM &amp;IgG found only in 30(17.34%) in aborted women.

The Effect of Polishing, Glazing, and Aging on Optical Characteristics of Multi-Layered Dental Zirconia with Different Degrees of Translucency.

(1) Background: Considering that the appearance of a dental material is an important factor that contributes to the success of prosthetic restorations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optical properties and color changes among the layers of three commercial zirconias, to compare the aspect of the polished and glazed surfaces before and after aging and to evaluate the effects of hydrothermal degradation on their aesthetics. (2) Methods: Forty-eight plate-shaped samples were sectioned from presintered blocks of each multilayer translucent zirconia with different Yttrium content: Ceramill Zolid fx ML (5 mol%) = CeZ, STML (4 mol%) = STM, IPS e.maxZirCAD CEREC/in Lab MT Multi (4 mol% + 5 mol%) = IPZ. The samples were sintered according to the recommendation of each manufacturer, and half (24) of them were polished and the other half (24) glazed on one of the surfaces. Each type was equally divided into one control and one aging group, and, for each material, this resulted in four groups (n = 12): polished-control, polished-autoclaved glazed-control, and glazed-autoclaved. The artificial aging was carried out with an autoclave and distilled water at 134 °C, 0.2 MPa for 1 h, and for optical parameters (TP, CR, OP) and color change (ΔE*) measurements on a black and white background in a CIE L*a*b* color system, a spectrophotometer was used. The specimens were evaluated in incisal, cervical, and medium areas on polished and glazed samples before and after the aging stage. Statistical analysis was achieved with a two-way ANOVA test, the unpaired t-test, and the paired t-test. (3) Results: Before and after aging, the mean TP values for polished samples were higher than the glazed ones. After aging, the mean TP values increased for all groups (except polished CeZ), and significant differences were reported for polished STM, IPZ. After LTD, the opalescence registered an increase for almost all groups (except polished CeZ, polished and glazed IPZ-medium area), and significant differences were reported for almost all groups (except STM-incisal, IPZ-cervical, medium areas). The levels of color change were between extremely slight to perceivable. (4) Conclusions: Optical properties of the selected multilayer zirconia were influenced by polishing and glazing as surface treatment and affected by artificial aging (CeZ the least); perceivable color changes for polished STM, IPZ were detected.

Effects of aging and type 2 diabetes on cardiac structure and function: Underlying mechanisms

We characterized long-term changes in cardiac structure and function in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin mouse model of aging and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and examined how the intersection of both conditions alters plasma metabolomics. We also evaluated the possible roles played by oxidative stress, arginase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines. C57BL/6 male mice (13-month-old) were used. Control animals (n = 13) were fed regular chow for 10 months (aged group). T2D animals (n = 25) were provided a single injection of streptozotocin and fed a high fat diet for 10 months. In select endpoints, young animals were used for comparison. To monitor changes in left ventricular (LV) structure and function, echocardiography was used. At the terminal study (23 months), blood was collected and hearts processed for biochemical or histological analysis. Echo yielded diminished diastolic function with aging and T2D. LV fractional shortening and ejection fraction decreased with T2D by 16 months peaking at 23 months. Western blots noted increases in fibronectin and type I collagen with aging/T2D and greater levels with T2D in α-smooth muscle actin. Increases in plasma and/or myocardial protein carbonyls, arginase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines occurred with aging and T2D. Untargeted metabolomics and cheminformatics revealed differences in the plasma metabolome of T2D vs. aged mice while select classes of lipid metabolites linked to insulin resistance, were dysregulated. We thus, document changes in LV structure and function with aging that in select endpoints, are accentuated with T2D and link them to increases in OS, arginase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Cardiovascular effects of exercise induced dynamic hyperinflation in COPD patients-Dynamically hyperinflated and non-hyperinflated subgroups.

An increase in respiratory rate and expiratory flow limitation can facilitate dynamic hyperinflation (DH), which may cause an element of the intrathoracic pressure in connection with the worsening of venous return, with negative effect on stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). It has been unclassified, whether poor circulatory adaptation to exercise can be attributed to DH or poor cardio-vascular performance itself in COPD. Only a subset of COPD patients exhibit dynamic hyperinflation during exercise. We designed a study to show how lung mechanical and cardiovascular parameters change in hyperinflated and non-hyperinflated COPD patients during exercise with a new experimental set-up. Thirty-three COPD patients with similar severity of COPD and left ventricular performance (20 men, 13 women, mean±SD age: 65,36±6,95 years) participated. We measured the cardiovascular parameters with a non-invasive device (Finometer-pro) including the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETi) and estimated the change of DH with inspiratory capacity (IC) manoeuvres during exercise. Twenty-one subjects exhibited DH (DH group) and 12 did not (non-DH group). The measurement results were given in mean ± SD and difference between the values measured during maximal load and rest also (ΔX = Xmax.load-Xrest). ΔSV and ΔCO were significantly higher in non-DH vs. DH patients (ΔSV: non-DH 9,7 ± 13,22 ml vs. DH -3,6 ± 14,34 ml, p = 0.0142; ΔCO: non-DH 2,26 ± 1,46 l/min vs. DH 0,88 ± 1,35 l/min, p = 0.0024). LVETi was not different between the two groups. Calculated oxygen delivery (DO2) during maximal load was significantly higher in non-DH group. We concluded that worse cardiovascular adaptation to exercise of COPD patients can be associated with exercise-induced DH in a similar cardiovascular aged COPD group.

Upaya Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Remaja dalam Mengatasi Adiksi Gadget

Abstract: Gadget addiction became a serious problem for teenagesrs aged groups. Excessive gadgets also caused health problems, behavior changes, and attitudes in teenager aged. Knowledge aspect was important to help in shaping positive behavior. This community service activity is carried out with health education and visualization methods. These activities aimed to increase teenager knowledge in overcoming gadget addiction. Data collected by smartphone addiction with the number of participants of 50 students of SMP N 2 Kota Jambi. After the pretest and posttest processes have shown the results of increasing adolescent knowledge and understanding in overcoming the impact of gadget addiction. The results indicated that increasing knowledge is needed for efforts to improve teenager with an interactive media approach for this school as ongoing basis.

Computed Tomograhic Evaluation of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts 10 -15% of strokes which is second leading cause of death worldwide. To explore the risk factors, pattern and location of ICH through neuroimaging technique in a developing country like Bangladesh. Methods: It was a prospective study conducted over two year’s period in Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College Hospital, Sylhet. All clinically and radiologically diagnosed hemorrhagic stroke patients except pure subarachnoid, intraventricular &amp; subdural hemorrhages, brain tumors and post traumatic cases were included in the study and their medical and computer tomography records were analyzed. Results: Total 552 patients were included with male to female ratio 1.46:1. Among the various risk factors, the single most common was hypertension 70% cases, followed by smoking in 38% cases, and diabetes in 33% cases Cerebellar hemorrhage was more in elderly aged group 62.9±10.1 compare to lobar, deep cerebral and brain stem groups (54.3±14.2; 55.7±15.9; 51.2±12.7). Lobar and deep cerebral hemorrhage was found almost similarly distributed among&lt; 40 years and &gt; 70 years aged group, but among 40-49 years aged group deep cerebral hemorrhage was found more (72.73%) compare to lobar (27.27%). Conclusion: Incidence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is more in our middle aged populations with maximum having hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus as risk factor. Change in life style and food habits may help reduce the incidence of ICH.

The effect of thermomechanical aging on the retention of a conometric system in a chewing simulator.

To evaluate the retention force of a novel conometric system after thermomechanical aging. In addition, the conometric system's retention force was compared with that of the cemented implant-retained crowns. Two systems to retain implant crowns were tested in this study: a conometric system and a cement-retained system. Forty-eight zirconia crowns were fabricated using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology. Twenty-four zirconia crowns were cemented onto conometric caps with resin-modified glass ionomer cement, which were then connected with abutments. These specimens were divided into three groups, and each group was subjected to the pull-out test. A-control group: 12 specimens directly subjected to pull-out test; A-aged group: 12 specimens subjected to thermomechanical aging followed by pull-out test; A-repeat group: After the pull-out, the specimens in the aging group (A-aged) were reconnected, and the pull-out test was repeated once more. The remaining 24 zirconia crowns were cemented on standard abutments with zinc phosphate cement, and two groups were formed. C-control group: 12 specimens directly subjected to the pull-out test; C-aged group: 12 specimens subjected to thermomechanical aging followed by pull-out. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the surfaces of caps and abutments. To analyze the data, repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni tests were used (p<0.05). The mean retention force value of the A-control group was 148.22±16.37N. The highest mean retention force value was measured in the A-aged group (204.93±51.67N), and the lowest mean retention force value was seen in the A-repeated group (77.02±21.48N). Thermomechanical aging had a significant influence (p<0.05) on both systems. No significant differences in retention force were found between the thermomechanical aged groups of both systems (p>0.05). SEM analysis revealed that aging had an impact on the surface of the conometric system's caps and abutments. The retention force of the conometric system increased significantly following thermomechanical aging. No crown separation occurred during the thermomechanical aging of the conometric system. There was no significant difference in the retention of the conometric and cemented systems after thermomechanical aging.

Color Appearance of Various Provisional Restorative Materials for Rehabilitation Upon Aging.

Color stability of provisional restoration is crucial for full mouth reconstruction, which is probably influenced by aging. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of aging on the color appearance of different provisional materials. Rectangular specimens (10 × 10 × 2 mm) were fabricated from computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) (Vita CAD-Temp [VC], TelioCAD [TC], artBloc [RC]), autopolymerized (ProtempIV [PA], Luxatemp [LA], UnifastTrad [UA]), and heat-polymerized polymer (Major C&B [MH]). Each was divided into aging (AG, 5,000 thermocycles of 5°/55°C) and non-aging group (n = 21/group). Color parameters were determined using a spectrophotometer through the CIELAB system. The L*, a*, and b* data were calculated for color appearance (∆E), translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and opalescence parameter (OP) for each. An analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were determined for a significant difference in color appearance alteration of materials upon aging (α = 0.05). Statistically significant differences of L*, a*, b*, ∆E, TP, CR, and OP due to the effect of types of material (p < 0.05), aging effect (p < 0.05), and their interactions (p < 0.05) were indicated. Aging affects the color appearance, lightness, chromaticity, translucency, contrast, and opalescence of various types of provisional materials. Color appearance alteration of provisional materials was significantly indicated upon aging (p < 0.05) but within the perceivable limit of clinical acceptance (∆E diff < 3.0), except for PA and MH. Color stability of CAD-CAM-based poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and autopolymerized PMMA upon aging were better than bis-acryl resin and heat-polymerized PMMA. The TP, CR, and OP alterations of tested materials upon aging were within the perceivable limit. Color appearance of provisional restorative materials was influenced by aging. The CAD-CAM-based PMMA and autopolymerized PMMA materials showed better color stability than bis-acryl provisional resin and heat-polymerized PMMA upon aging. Therefore, they were suggested as provisional materials for oral rehabilitation.

Illness Perception and Medication Adherence among Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review

(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global disease with a compelling impact on developed and developing economies across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) reported a global prevalence of 8.5% in 2014 among adults aged at least 18 years. Consequently, the condition led to a 5% increase in premature mortality from 2000 to 2016. Aim: The scoping review sought to examine illness perception and medication adherence among adult patients with T2DM. (2) Methods: The study was conducted in 2021 and covered articles published in English in the last five years. PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect were the primary search engines used to generate the required scholarly records. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. (3) Results: The 20 studies selected for the scoping review covered different themes on the overall concept of illness perception and medication adherence in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Each study presented unique implications for research and influence on the policymaking relating to the treatment or the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults of different aged groups. (4) Conclusions: The studies reveal both high and low adherence to medications in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The management and treatment of the condition depend on the uptake of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin as well as the recommended therapies to enhance the clinical outcomes of the patients.

Impact-of-COVID-19 on mortality and implications for adolescent and young-adult healthcare

This paper investigates the effect of COVID-19 on mortality in the child and adolescent population of five age groups. The CDC dataset was used for calculating the number of deaths by adolescent age group from 2015 to 2020. Results showed that the older the adolescent, the stronger the effect of COVID-19 on mortality. There is no significant impact of COVID-19 on mortality of three aged groups (1–4, 5–9 and 10–14). There is a significant impact of COVID-19 on mortality of two aged groups (15–19 and 20–24). The findings indicate that effective drugs should be used for protecting them against COVID-19 and for computational ethics.

Age-related Deterioration of Alpha Power in Cortical Areas Slowing Motor Command Formation in Healthy Elderly Subjects.

The same neural processes may govern older people's motor and cognitive abilities since an inability to switch between actions develops with aging. In this study, a dexterity test was used to measure motor and cognitive perseverance, which required participants to move their fingers fast and correctly on hole boards. An electroencephalography (EEG) recording was used to evaluate how healthy young and older adults process brain signals when performing the test. A significant difference was found between the young and older groups in the average time taken to complete the test, with the older group taking 87.4 s and the young group taking 55.21 s. During motor movement, young participants showed alpha desynchronization over the cortex (Fz, Cz, Oz, Pz, T5, T6, P3, P4) in comparison to the resting state. However, compared to the younger group, no alpha desynchronization was found in the aging group during motor performance. It was noteworthy that alpha power (Pz, P3, and P4) in the parietal cortex was significantly lower in older compared to young adults. Age-related slowdown in motor performance may be caused by deteriorating alpha activity in the parietal cortex, which functions as a sensorimotor interface. This study provides new insights into how perception and action are distributed between brain regions.

Reasons Why the Ageing Population Stands Out on TikTok and the Analysis of Its Commercial Potential

Even in an era of information explosion, many older people still miss out on important information due to technical limitations. But TikTok, a global short video platform, has attracted more and more senior users in recent years through its creative and entertaining content, diverse community interactions, and easyto- use methods. It is even creating senior netizens with millions of followers. These older consumers and content contributors are showing their energy and vitality through TikTok to rewrite the way people expect older people to behave on social media. This paper investigates the accounts of older celebrities on Chinese TikTok platform to understand how older people are expanding their reach by making TikTok videos and how they can engage with the rapidly developing society through this online platform, which is regarded as a virtual playground for teenagers. In addition, this paper also discusses the undervalued commercial potential of an aging society. The data analysis reveals that older people may challenge stereotypes brought about by ageism and conclusions can be drawn that the aging group on TikTok is standing out on the platform because of its positive image and optimistic attitude towards life. Moreover, because of the increased digitalisation and the changing attitudes of older adults, their purchasing power is continuing to grow, and the aging industry is booming.

T1 relaxation time is prolonged in healthy aging: a whole brain study.

: Measurement of tissue characteristics such as the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) provides complementary information to the volumetric and surface based structural analyses. We aimed to investigate T1 relaxation time characteristics in healthy aging via an exploratory design in the whole brain. The data processing pipeline was designed to minimize errors related to aging effects such as atrophy. Sixty healthy participants underwent MRI scanning (28 F, 32 M, age range: 18-78, 30 young and 30 old) in November 2017-March 2018 at the Bilkent University UMRAM Center. Four images with varying flip angles with FLASH (fast low angle shot magnetic resonance imaging) sequence and a high-resolution structural image with MP-RAGE (Magnetization Prepared - RApid Gradient Echo) were acquired. T1 relaxation times of the entire brain were mapped by using the region of interest (ROI) based method on 134 brain areas in young and old populations. T1 prolongation was observed in various subcortical (bilateral hippocampus, caudate and thalamus) and cortical brain structures (bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), left middle occipital gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus and bilateral Heschl's gyrus) as well as cerebellar regions (GM regions of cerebellum: bilateral cerebellum III, cerebellum IV V, cerebellum X, cerebellar vermis u 4 5, cerebellar vermis u 9 and WM cerebellar regions: left cerebellum IX, bilateral cerebellum X and cerebellar vermis u 4 5). T1 mapping provides a practical quantitative MRI (qMRI) methodology for studying the tissue characteristics in healthy aging. T1 values are significantly increased in the aging group among half of the studied ROIs (57 ROIs out of 134).

Selenium-enriched Polysaccharides from Pyracantha fortuneana (SePFP) Ameliorated Hepatic Lipid Accumulation through Enhancing Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Aging Mice.

60 naturally aged C57BL/6J male mice were divided into 6 groups: adult group, aging group (21-month-old mice), aging mice treated with low-, medium- and high-doses of SePFP (SePFP-L, SePFP-M, SePFP-H), and aging mice treated with resveratrol (RSV). SePFP and RSV were administrated daily via oral gavage from 16 to 21 months old. The parameters of energy metabolism were measured in all mice before sacrifice, and liver tissues were collected to determine the levels of metabolism-related enzymes by real-time PCR and Western blot. We found that SePFP significantly reduced the body weight, liver to bodyweight ratio, and white fat to body weight ratio in aging mice. SePFP also down-regulated the triglycerides and cholesterol levels in liver and serum, and decreased respiratory quotient in aging mice. The mechanism of SePFP regulating lipid metabolism was mainly through promoting fatty acid transportation to mitochondria and enhancing mitochondrial β-oxidation and ketone body production. SePFP attenuates liver lipid deposition in aging mice by enhancing hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation.

Financial stability risks of the U.S. social security system

The Social Security program, playing a vital role in reducing poverty among the old aged groups, is facing growing challenges. While the population age structure has been shifting towards an old aged-dependent, the volume of pension benefits has turned to exceed payroll taxes as a financial source of the pension system. The paper points out the role of public pensions as a source of income, especially important for the low-income Americans. Increasing self-sufficiency of the retired persons, their ability to support families; Social Security funds are at the risk of shrinking financial reserves. While payroll tax revenues have increased over the long period; they are not expected to be enough for funding pension benefits after the third decade; if payroll tax stays as it is, without being raised.

The role of SIRT2 inhibition on the aging process of brain in male rats

BackgroundThough the exact mechanisms regarding brain aging and its relation to neurodegenerative disorders are not precise, oxidative stress, the key regulators of apoptosis and autophagy, such as bcl-2 and beclin 1, seem to be the potential players in the aging of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. As a type of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) has been associated to age-related diseases. However, the exact role of SIRT2 in brain aging is not well studied. The objective of the current study was to study the role of SIRT2 inhibition on brain aging through the neuroprotective mechanisms. MethodsWe tested the effects of AGK-2, a SIRT2 inhibitor, on oxidative stress parameters, apoptosis and autophagy regulators including bcl-2, bax, beclin1 in young and old rats. 24 Wistar albino rats (3 months-old and 22 months-old) were divided into four groups; Young-Control (4% DMSO+PBS), Young-AGK-2 (10 µM/bw, ip), Aged-Control, and Aged-AGK-2. Following the 30 days of drug administration period the rats were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum were isolated. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured as oxidative stress parameters in all three brain regions. SIRT2, bcl-2, and bax protein expression levels were measured by western blot and gene expression level of beclin 1, Atg5, and SIRT2 by real-time PCR. ResultsThe bcl-2, bcl-2/bax ratio, beclin 1, and TAS in the cerebral cortex of the aged group were significantly decreased; however, the TOS, oxidative stress index (OSI), and SIRT2 expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus increased. SIRT2 inhibition by AGK-2 reduced TOS and OSI levels in all brain regions and increased bcl-2, bcl-2/bax ratio. In aged animals, AGK-2 also increased the beclin 1 levels in the cortex and hippocampus. ConclusionOur results indicate that SIRT2 has an essential role in brain aging. The inhibition of SIRT2 by AGK-2 may increase cell survival and decrease aging related processes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus via decreasing oxidative stress, and increasing bcl-2 and beclin 1 expression.

Effect of Educational Video on Maternal Nutrition, Hygiene and Sanitation Among Maternal Age Group Women: A Prospective Interventional Study from Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

Introduction: Interventions that try to alter behaviour in order to promote health and disease management are typically time and resource-consuming. At the moment, boosting maternal and child nutrition is the main focus of nutrition programs in India. This paper discusses the most effective methods to change eating habits, hygiene, and sanitisation particularly the significance of contemporary Information Technology (IT) in health education. Aim: To determine the pre education knowledge level and create awareness regarding maternal nutrition, hygiene and sanitation through the developed education video on personal hygiene and sanitation among maternal-aged group women. Materials and Methods: The community-based prospective interventional study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2021 by using the prospective intervention study design. Based on the Socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurement, and clinical assessment, specific questions regarding dietary knowledge and personal hygiene were recorded by using the questionnaire. By using the recorded data through a questionnaire, 100 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling and divided into the control group (n=50) and experimental group (n=50) involved in the intervention study. The experimental group which consisted of 50 respondents was grouped into two groups E1 (n=25) and E2 (n=25) and educated separately (due to COVID-19 restriction on mass gatherings) three times a month at 15 days intervals. The nutrition education intervention was given through an educational video in the Hindi language. The effects of the intervention were studied among the participants of the experimental group. The control group did not receive any nutritional awareness sessions. Knowledge level before and after the education intervention was recorded by using the self-structured questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple questions. The data was analysed by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. Results: Analysis was done for the complete data collected from 100 participants (15-35 years of age, 50 in each control and experimental group) included in the present study. The mean age of maternal age group women was 22 years. No significant difference was found between the knowledge of the control and experimental group at baseline (p-value &gt;0.05). However, the post-intervention, there was significant gain in knowledge in the experimental group (p-value &lt;0.001). Conclusion: It was found that providing the nutrition education through the developed information and communication technology proved effective by increasing knowledge level among the maternal aged group women.