Agility Exercises Research Articles

The Effects of Eight-Week Regular Training in Amateur Amputee Football Team Athletes' Body Composition

The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of the 8 week regular training program on body composition of the amateur amputee sports club athletes. 12 amateur amputee athletes in the Malatya Ay Yildiz Amateur Amputee Football Team with ages ranging from 16 to 33 (X age: 24.33 ± 5.71 years, X length: 1.74 ± 8.07 meters, X weight: 75.09 ± 15.16 kg) voluntarily participated in this study. The training program consists of strength, strength, agility, speed, technique, tactics, coordination and flexibility. Body length, body weight, heart rate measurements, skin fold thickness of three different parts and body mass index (BMI) were measured before and after the 8 week training period to evaluate body composition. Densities were calculated using the Jackson and Pollock (1978) formula, taking into account the skin fold thickness measurements made. Percent body fat is calculated using Siri's formula. The body mass index is determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) formula. A statistically significant difference was found in the comparison of the athletes' weight, resting heart rate, body mass index and body fat percentage in the first and last week measurements according to Wilcoxon signed rank test results (p<0.05). As a result, in this study; The 8-week training program which includes strength, strength, speed, agility, coordination, technique and flexibility enhancing exercises showed significant changes in parameters of body composition of Ay Yıldız Spor Kulubu ampute athletes.

AGILITY EXERCISE MODELS OF BADMINTON

The purpose of this research and development is to produce a model of agility exercise on badminton. This research uses Research &amp; Development (R &amp; D) development method from Borg and Gall. Stages in this research and development are, at the stage: (1) needs analysis, (2) expert evaluation (initial product evaluation); (3) limited testing (small group trial); (4) main test (field testing), (5) Model effectiveness test. The effectiveness test uses the court agility test to determine the level of athlete's fame in mastering the entire game area. Analysis of research data using T test with significance level 0,05. Data analysis is obtained by average value of test data agility as follows pretest: 505.40 and posttest 468.53. So this model of badminton agility training is effective in improving the agility of badminton athletes. Based on the results of the development can be concluded that: (1) With the model of agility exercise for badminton athletes can be developed and applied in the exercise at the club (2) With the agility training model for badminton athletes that have been developed, obtained evidence of this increase in the show on the test data pretest and posttest results of significant differences between before and after the treatment of the model.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Development, Model, Agility, Badminton

Combination of Agility and Plyometric Training Provides Similar Training Benefits as Combined Balance and Plyometric Training in Young Soccer Players.

Introduction: Studies that combined balance and resistance training induced larger performance improvements compared with single mode training. Agility exercises contain more dynamic and sport-specific movements compared with balance training. Thus, the purpose of this study was to contrast the effects of combined balance and plyometric training with combined agility and plyometric training and an active control on physical fitness in youth.Methods: Fifty-seven male soccer players aged 10–12 years participated in an 8-week training program (2 × week). They were randomly assigned to a balance-plyometric (BPT: n = 21), agility-plyometric (APT: n = 20) or control group (n = 16). Measures included proxies of muscle power [countermovement jump (CMJ), triple-hop-test (THT)], muscle strength [reactive strength index (RSI), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of handgrip, back extensors, knee extensors], agility [4-m × 9-m shuttle run, Illinois change of direction test (ICODT) with and without the ball], balance (Standing Stork, Y-Balance), and speed (10–30 m sprints).Results: Significant time × group interactions were found for CMJ, hand grip MVIC force, ICODT without a ball, agility (4 m × 9 m), standing stork balance, Y-balance, 10 and 30-m sprint. The APT pre- to post-test measures displayed large ES improvements for hand grip MVIC force, ICODT without a ball, agility test, CMJ, standing stork balance test, Y-balance test but only moderate ES improvements with the 10 and 30 m sprints. The BPT group showed small (30 m sprint), moderate (hand grip MVIC, ICODTwithout a ball) and large ES [agility (4 m × 9 m) test, CMJ, standing stork balance test, Y-balance] improvements, respectively.Conclusion: In conclusion, both training groups provided significant improvements in all measures. It is recommended that youth incorporate balance exercises into their training and progress to agility with their strength and power training.

The Effect of Agility Exercises on the COD Speed and Speed in Terms of the Frequency of the Training

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of agility exercises applied on female students who play handball in school teams on the change of direction (COD)speed and speed in terms of different exercise frequencies for 10 weeks. 75 female students have participated in the study. The first group has been applied agility exercises of 20 minutes during the handball work-out after the warm-up exercises for 5 times a week, the second group was applied these exercises for 3 times a week and the third group was applied these exercises for 2 times a week. Before and after the 10 week agility exercises, the athletes' age, sports age, height, weight, Zigzag test (COD speed) and 20m speed test measurements were taken. After the exercises, COD speed and 20m speed measurements displayed a significance level of difference in terms of the groups (p 2>1). In terms of the 20m speed measurement, the decrease in the 1st group is significantly higher than the decrease in the other two groups and there is no significant difference between the decrease values of the 2nd and 3rd groups. As a result, frequency in the agility exercises of female children who play handball in this age group is important. Within the scope of yearly planning, giving place to agility exercises in a regular manner 5 times a week each for 20 minutes can be stated to affect speed, agility and COD speed performance which are more important in this sport.

Multicomponent Training Program with High-Speed Movement Execution of Ankle Muscles Reduces Risk of Falls in Older Adults

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent training program, designed to improve the torque around the ankle joint performing high-speed movement execution, on healthy older adults. Participants were balanced by torque around the ankle joint and randomly allocated to either exercise (n = 12, 69.7 ± 4.8 years, 74.6 ± 16.8 kg, 1.63 ± 0.10 m) or control group (CG) (n = 14, 70.86 ± 6.48 years; 73.5 ± 13.4 kg, 1.56 ± 0.05 m). The exercise group (EG) performed a multicomponent training of resistance, agility, and coordination exercises, focusing on the plantar flexor muscles during 12 weeks (3 days per week). Outcome measures were torque (plantar flexion and extension), reactive capacity (Step test), and functional mobility (gait and timed up and go [TUG] test). The training program was induced to increase peak torque of extensor muscles around the ankle joint to EG (Δ = 50%; d = 1.59) compared to the CG. Such improvement was converted to reactive capacity improvements considering the decrease in the execution time of the Swing phase and in the Total time of the Step test (Δ = 19%; d = 0.93, Δ = 14%; d = 1.02, respectively). Gains in functional mobility were verified by the increase of the walking speed (Δ = 15%; d = 1.37) and by the smaller time of execution of TUG test (Δ = 17%; d = 1.73) in the EG. Therefore, the multicomponent training was effective to reduce or to reverse muscular age-related declines, which are associated with functional capacity and reduction of fall risk in older adults.

THE DIFFERENCE AGILITY LADDER EXERCISE METHOD LATERAL RUN AND CIRCUIT TRAINING TO IMPROVE AGILITY IN FUTSAL PLAYERS IN TEAM GRIYA TANSA TRISNA DALUNG

Agility is a form of exercise with fast movement and changing direction and agile. Seeing the many agility exercises targeting the coordination of muscle nerves, reaction speed, balance, muscle strength alone but did not increase flexibility significantly. This study aims to determine the comparison of agility ladder exercise lateral run method with circuit training in terms of increased agility.&#x0D; The research design with experimental Pre-Test and Post- Test Two Group Design, sample of 18 people divided into 2 groups with simple random sampling. The sample of this research is futsal team player Griya Tansa Trisna Dalung. Group 1 was given Agility Ladder Exercise Lateral Run method and group 2 was given Circuit Training, research for 5 weeks with dose of exercise 3 times in one week. Illinois Agility run test used before and after training to measure agility. Normality test using Saphiro Wilk, homogeneity using Levene's test and hypothesis testing using Independent T-test. The data mean group 1 and group 2 were normal and homogeneous distributed with mean increase in group 1 was 2.89 and group 2 was 4.47. Difference between group 1 and group 2 was obtained p = 0,000 (p &lt;0,05) meaning statistically significant difference.This research concludes circuit training exercises more effective are used to improve agility on the team's futsal player Griya Tansa Trisna Dalung.&#x0D; Keywords: agility, agility ladder exercise, lateral run method, circuit training

Gait mechanics and tibiofemoral loading in men of the ACL-SPORTS randomized control trial.

The risk for post-traumatic osteoarthritis is elevated after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and may be especially high among individuals with aberrant walking mechanics, such as medial tibiofemoral joint underloading 6 months postoperatively. Rehabilitation training programs have been proposed as one strategy to address aberrant gait mechanics. We developed the anterior cruciate ligament specialized post-operative return-to-sports (ACL-SPORTS) randomized control trial to test the effect of 10 post-operative training sessions consisting of strength, agility, plyometric, and secondary prevention exercises (SAPP) or SAPP plus perturbation (SAPP + PERT) training on gait mechanics after ACLR. A total of 40 male athletes (age 23 ± 7 years) after primary ACLR were randomized to SAPP or SAPP + PERT training and tested at three distinct, post-operative time points: 1) after impairment resolution (Pre-training); 2) following 10 training sessions (Post-training); and 3) 2 years after ACLR. Knee kinematic and kinetic variables as well as muscle and joint contact forces were calculated via inverse dynamics and a validated electromyography-informed musculoskeletal model. There were no significant improvements from Pre-training to Post-training in either intervention group. Smaller peak knee flexion angles, extension moments, extensor muscle forces, medial compartment contact forces, and tibiofemoral contact forces were present across group and time, however the magnitude of interlimb differences were generally smaller and likely not meaningful 2 years postoperatively. Neither SAPP nor SAPP + PERT training appears effective at altering gait mechanics in men in the short-term; however, meaningful gait asymmetries mostly resolved between post-training and 2 years after ACLR regardless of intervention group. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2364-2372, 2018.

Gait mechanics and tibiofemoral loading in men of the ACL-Sports randomized control trial

The risk for post-traumatic osteoarthritis is elevated after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and may be especially high among individuals with aberrant walking mechanics, such as medial tibiofemoral joint underloading 6 months postoperatively. Rehabilitation training programs have been proposed as one strategy to address aberrant gait mechanics. We developed the anterior cruciate ligament specialized post-operative return-to-sports (ACL-SPORTS) randomized control trial to test the effect of 10 post-operative training sessions consisting of strength, agility, plyometric, and secondary prevention exercises (SAPP) or SAPP plus perturbation (SAPP + PERT) training on gait mechanics after ACLR. A total of 40 male athletes (age 23 ± 7 years) after primary ACLR were randomized to SAPP or SAPP + PERT training and tested at three distinct, post-operative time points: 1) after impairment resolution (Pre-training); 2) following 10 training sessions (Post-training); and 3) 2 years after ACLR. Knee kinematic and kinetic variables as well as muscle and joint contact forces were calculated via inverse dynamics and a validated electromyography-informed musculoskeletal model. There were no significant improvements from Pre-training to Post-training in either intervention group. Smaller peak knee flexion angles, extension moments, extensor muscle forces, medial compartment contact forces, and tibiofemoral contact forces were present across group and time, however the magnitude of interlimb differences were generally smaller and likely not meaningful 2 years postoperatively. Neither SAPP nor SAPP + PERT training appears effective at altering gait mechanics in men in the short-term; however, meaningful gait asymmetries mostly resolved between post-training and 2 years after ACLR regardless of intervention group. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2364-2372, 2018.

Specific Physical Training in Elite Male Team Handball.

Wagner, H, Gierlinger, M, Adzamija, N, Ajayi, S, Bacharach, DW, and von Duvillard, SP. Specific physical training in elite male team handball. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3083-3093, 2017-Specific physical training in elite team handball is essential for optimal player's performance; however, scientific knowledge is generally based on temporary training studies with subelite athletes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of specific physical training in an elite male handball team over the entire season. Twelve players of a male handball team from the First Austrian Handball League conducted a 1-year specific physical training program in addition to their normal (team handball techniques and tactics) weekly training. Performance was measured with 5 general and 4 specific tests as well as game statistics during competition. Repeated measures analysis of variances and paired sample t-test were used to analyze differences in performance during training. We found a significant increase in oxygen uptake, offense time, defense time, fast break time, and jump height in the specific tests. Game performance statistics revealed a lower throwing percentage in the hosting team (59%) compared with the rival teams (63%). Our results indicated that specific endurance and agility are an acceptable modality in elite male team handball. However, performance in competition is strongly influenced by specific techniques and tactics. We recommend to strength and conditioning professionals that they tailor strength and power training, coordination and endurance as specific as possible, using free weights, agility exercises that include change in direction and jumps as well as short (10-15 seconds) high-intensity intervals.

Neuromuscular Adaptations to Multimodal Injury Prevention Programs in Youth Sports: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: Neuromuscular injury prevention programs (IPP) can reduce injury rate by about 40% in youth sport. Multimodal IPP include, for instance, balance, strength, power, and agility exercises. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of multimodal IPP on neuromuscular performance in youth sports.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search including selected search terms related to youth sports, injury prevention, and neuromuscular performance. Inclusion criteria were: (i) the study was a (cluster-)randomized controlled trial (RCT), and (ii) investigated healthy participants, up to 20 years of age and involved in organized sport, (iii) an intervention arm performing a multimodal IPP was compared to a control arm following a common training regime, and (iv) neuromuscular performance parameters (e.g., balance, power, strength, sprint) were assessed. Furthermore, we evaluated IPP effects on sport-specific skills.Results: Fourteen RCTs (comprising 704 participants) were analyzed. Eight studies included only males, and five only females. Seventy-one percent of all studies investigated soccer players with basketball, field hockey, futsal, Gaelic football, and hurling being the remaining sports. The average age of the participants ranged from 10 years up to 19 years and the level of play from recreational to professional. Intervention durations ranged from 4 weeks to 4.5 months with a total of 12 to 57 training sessions. We observed a small overall effect in favor of IPP for balance/stability (Hedges' g = 0.37; 95%CI 0.17, 0.58), leg power (g = 0.22; 95%CI 0.07, 0.38), and isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps strength as well as hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (g = 0.38; 95%CI 0.21, 0.55). We found a large overall effect for sprint abilities (g = 0.80; 95%CI 0.50, 1.09) and sport-specific skills (g = 0.83; 95%CI 0.34, 1.32). Subgroup analyses revealed larger effects in high-level (g = 0.34–1.18) compared to low-level athletes (g = 0.22–0.75), in boys (g = 0.27–1.02) compared to girls (g = 0.09–0.38), in older (g = 0.32–1.16) compared to younger athletes (g = 0.18–0.51), and in studies with high (g = 0.35–1.16) compared to low (g = 0.12–0.38) overall number of training sessions.Conclusion: Multimodal IPP beneficially affect neuromuscular performance. These improvements may substantiate the preventative efficacy of IPP and may support the wide-spread implementation and dissemination of IPP. The study has been a priori registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016053407).

Strength and functional symmetry is associated with post-operative rehabilitation in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

To investigate strength and functional symmetry during common tests in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and its association with post-operative rehabilitation. At a median 11.0months post-surgery (range 10-14), 111 ACLR patients were assessed. A rehabilitation grading tool was employed to evaluate the duration and supervision of rehabilitation, as well as whether structured jumping, landing and agility exercises were undertaken. Patients completed the Noyes Activity Score (NSARS), maximal isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength assessment, and a 4-hop test battery. Limb Symmetry Indices (LSIs) were calculated, presented for the entire group and also stratified by activity level. ANOVA evaluated differences between the operated and unaffected limbs across all tests. Correlations were undertaken to assess the relationship between post-operative rehabilitation and objective test LSIs. The unaffected limb was significantly better (p<0.0001) than the operated limb for all tests. Only 52-61 patients (47-55%) demonstrated LSIs ≥90% for each of the hop tests. Only 34 (30.6%) and 61 (55.0%) patients were ≥90% LSI for peak quadriceps and hamstring strength, respectively. Specifically in patients actively participating in jumping, pivoting, cutting, twisting and/or turning sports, 21 patients (36.8%) still demonstrated an LSI<90% for the single hop for distance, with 37 patients (65.0%) at <90% for peak knee extension strength. Rehabilitation was significantly associated with the LSIs for all tests. Rehabilitation was significantly correlated with limb symmetry, and lower limb symmetry was below recommended criterion for many community-level ACLR patients, including those already engaging in riskier activities. It is clear that many patients are not undertaking the rehabilitation required to address post-operative strength and functional deficits, and are being cleared to return to sport (or are returning on their own accord) without appropriate evaluation and further guidance. IV.

Effects of a phase change cooling garment during exercise in the heat

The purpose of our study was to examine the physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of wearing a phase change cooling garment (CG) during an interval exercise routine in the heat. Sixteen male participants (age 23 ± 3 years, ht 1.76 ± 0.11 m; wt 78.5 ± 11.2 kg; body fat 15.2 ± 5.8%) completed two trials (one with phase change inserts, CG, and one control without inserts) consisting of two submaximal exercise portions separated by 5-minute seated rest, and a final maximal effort performance bout. Each submaximal bout involved 30 seconds or 1 minute of muscular endurance and agility exercises and 5 minutes of treadmill jogging and step-ups. The performance bout included 30 seconds or 1 minute of muscular endurance and agility exercises, with participants completing as many repetitions as possible, followed by a 15-minute recovery (active and passive). Rectal temperature (Tre) and heart rate were not different between trials, however change in Tre from baseline was improved during 10 and 15 minutes of recovery with the CG (P < .05). Mean skin temperature was lower using the CG vs control throughout the trial (P < .05). Thermal sensation was lower when using the CG compared to control (P < .001). There were no differences in any outcomes of the performance exercises (P > .05). These findings indicate that the continuous use of a CG during an interval style workout in the heat provides improvements in thermal sensation, however, only minimal thermophysiological benefits, and no performance augmentation.

Association of Hip Strength with the Hip Sports Test: A Functional Test to Measure Athlete’s Ability to Return to Sport Activity after Hip Arthroscopy

Objectives:Excellent clinical outcomes and high rates of return to pre-operative level of activity has been reported in athletes that underwent hip arthroscopy. However, physicians often struggle to decide whether or not in an athlete is able to return to full activity. The Hip sports test (HST), like the already established knee test, may be a useful assessment tool towards this direction. The purpose of our study was evaluate the the correlation of the hip muscle strength values with the HST performance of athlete (measured on the same day) during the post-operative rehabilitation period. Muscle strength could serve as a complimentary, to sports test, tool in order to evaluate the return to sport ability of the athletes.Methods:The HST score as well as the muscle strength measurement were obtained on the same day in 115 athletes. Hip muscle strength was assessed using the MicroFET Dynometer pre-operatively and post-operatively. Measurements were made in hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, gluteus medius and hamstrings. During the HST assessment patients were assessed in single leg squats (single knee bents), lateral agility, diagonal agility exercises as well as in forward single leg lunges in order to obtain their score. The score of 18 or more is considered a passing score for this test. Pre-operatively, 62 tests were performed whereas 53 tests were performed post-operatively. Our data were normally distributed- however, correlation was done non-parametrically using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Spearman’s rho) due to the limited scale of HST.Results:The pre-operative strength change compared to the uninjured hip was -4.8% for flexion, -2.2% for extension, 2.4% for abduction, 0.3% for adduction, -2.1% for internal rotation, -1.7% for external rotation, -1.5% for gluteus medius and 1.3% for hamstring. The pre-operative median HST score was 12.5 (range: 0-20). Post-operative hip strength measurements and the distribution of HTS scores are summarized in the table.The Total HST score performance was correlated with hip muscle strength in extension (rho=0.344; p=0.001) and external Rotation (rho=0.260; p=0.006).Conclusion:The HST score performance is correlated with the hip muscle strength of hip extension and hip external rotation.Hip Sports Test scoreflexionExtensionAbductionAdductionInternal RotationExternal RotationGluteus MediusHamstrings041.631.938.633.21823.235.430.71-1751.938.544.337.920.226.340.834.118-2062.346.250.144.325.835.249.447.7p value0.0040.0020.01250.0560.0040.00010.0090.001

Osteoarthritis action alliance consensus opinion - best practice features of anterior cruciate ligament and lower limb injury prevention programs.

AIMTo identify best practice features of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and lower limb injury prevention programs (IPPs) to reduce osteoarthritis (OA).METHODSThis consensus statement started with us performing a systematic literature search for all relevant articles from 1960 through January 2017 in PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL. The search strategy combined the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and keywords for terms: (1) ACL OR “knee injury” OR “anterior cruciate ligament”; (2) “prevention and control” OR “risk reduction” OR “injury prevention” OR “neuromuscular training”; and (3) meta-analysis OR “systematic review” OR “cohort study” OR randomized. We found 166 different titles. The abstracts were reviewed for pertinent papers. The papers were reviewed by at least two authors and consensus of best practice for IPP to prevent OA was obtained by conference calls and e-mail discussions. All authors participated in the discussion.RESULTSThe best practice features of an IPP have the following six components: (1) lower extremity and core strengthening; (2) plyometrics; (3) continual feedback to athletes regarding proper technique; (4) sufficient dosage; (5) minimal-to-no additional equipment; and (6) balance training to help prevent injuries. Exercises focused on preventing ankle sprains, hamstring injuries and lateral trunk movements are important. Plyometric exercises should focus on correcting knee valgus movement. Exercises should focus on optimizing the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio. In order for IPP to be successful, there should be increased education and verbal feedback along with increased athletic compliance. Additional equipment is not necessary. Balance training alone does not significantly reduce injuries, but is beneficial with other exercises. Not enough evidence to recommend stretching and agility exercises, with no ill effects identified. Therefore, we suggest making these optional features.CONCLUSIONBest practice features for ACL and lower limb IPPs to help prevent OA contain six key components along with two optional.

Latihan Peningkatan Kemampuan Biomotor (Kelincahan, Kecepatan, Keseimbangan Dan Fleksibilitas) Dengan Teknik Lari (Shuttle Run, Zig-Zag, Formasi 8) Pada Pesilat

Abstract : Biomotor Components (Agility, Speed, Flexibilty, Balance), Pencak Silat Athlete. Biomotor such as agility is one of components must had had been own by athlete as physical condition indicator for exellence performance in competition. Agility perform with abilty change of direction and body position in fast and exact at movement without lossing balance and conscious of body position. The purpose of the study was to know influence of agility exercise model for agility, speed, flexibilty and balance in pencak silat athlete. Also to know whereas the efective model of agility exercise can improve physical ability of pencak silat athlete. This research is quantitative research, with quasi experiment design three treatment counterbalance-balance. Data analyses uses Wilcoxon test and Kruskal Wallis test. For measure improvement uses mean different. The significance satandart is p=0.05 (5%). Research result are : There is significant comparation between shutle run, zig-zag run, zig-zag combine 8 numeral run, for agilty and speed (p&lt;0.05), shutle run useful for improve balance and speed, zig-zag run useful for improve agility and zig-zag combine 8 numeral run usefull for improve flexibility.

Comparison of physical fitness in elderly submitted to different physical exercise interventions

The objective was to investigate the influence of two types of physical exercise intervention on elderly individuals’ physical fitness. The study included 17 older adults with a mean age of 65.8 years (± 2.88), divided into two groups: Programa de Exercícios Físicos em Unidades de Saúde (PEFUS – Physical Exercise Program in Health Units, n = 8) and Adapted Volleyball (n = 9). PEFUS classes were held three times a week and lasted 90 minutes, including strength, aerobic endurance, agility, coordination and balance exercises. Adapted Volleyball classes were performed two times per week and lasted 120 minutes, divided into skill volleyball exercises and game. For the evaluation of physical skills (strength, agility, coordination and flexibility), the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) set of tests was performed. All participants were assessed at the baseline and after three months of interventions. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial ANOVA through SPSS, version 17.0, and a significance level p &lt;0.05. Motor coordination showed significant improvements after three months of interventions, decreasing from 11.7 ± 2.3 to 10.1 ± 1.6 seconds for Adapted Volleyball and from 15.8 ± 3.3 to 12.0 ± 3.5 seconds for PEFUS (p &lt;0.05). Regarding strength endurance, there was a group-moment interaction (p &lt;0.05) and the PEFUS group showed an increase in this variable after intervention. The interventions are beneficial to the physical fitness of elderly individuals, because they increase or maintain such fitness after these interventions.

Proprioception influence in the balance of gymnastics rhythmic postural athletes.

Introduction: Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is a sport that combines art biomechanical gestures of high complexity, which requires a high level of development of physical qualities such as agility, flexibility, strength, impulsion and dexterity. In this modality studies show that injuries are attributed more articulate knees, ankles, and in some cases ends wrist sprains being the most frequently recorded in athletes in competition level. Therefore, proprioception and muscle control play a fundamental role in dynamic joint stability, since after orthopedic injuries sensorimotor some characteristics are altered and should be focused on rehabilitation programs to get a better return so the activities prior to the injury. Objective: The objective of this project is to evaluate the effect of proprioceptive training on postural balance of athletes in rhythmic gymnastics - RG, from the use of a force platform BIOMEC400 (EMG System do Brazil, Ltda SP). Method: We performed a proprioceptive training in thirty days, in two stages, moving the complexity of the exercises each phase proprioceptive training. Results: We observed that there was a significant improvement in results of training, when it was used more complex exercises and agility exercises before. Conclusion: Because it is athletes RG high performance and present a predominance of activities in one foot, protocols proprioception should be more intensively, generating a higher level of disturbance and postural imbalances.

Effect of interventions on potential, modifiable risk factors for knee injury in team ball sports: a systematic review.

Knee injuries are one of the most common types of injuries in team ball sports, and prevention is crucial because of health and economic implications. To set up effective prevention programs, these programs must be designed to target potential, modifiable risk factors. In addition, it is essential to evaluate the effects of these prevention programs. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the effect of prevention programs on potential, modifiable risk factors for knee injuries in team ball sports. A systematic review was performed in PUBMED (1978 to December 2013), EMBASE (1973 to December 2013), and CINAHL (1992 to December 2013). The titles, abstracts, and full texts were analyzed according to predefined inclusion criteria to find relevant studies. Neuromuscular control training with plyometric and agility exercises with addition of instructions reduced knee valgus angles and moments in female athletes. Knee flexion angles and moments were enhanced by plyometric and resistance exercises with augmented feedback (verbal or video). The specificity of the exercises must match the task that needs to be improved. Hamstring/quadricep strength ratio and hamstring strength may be improved by isolated hamstring exercises. Various training components are required to reduce the risk of knee injury. Neuromuscular control training and the use of instructions/feedback (verbal or video) seem promising. However, attention should be given to the target populations and the specificity of the programs. More research is needed with respect to reducing risk factors in male athletes as well as in children.

EFFECT OF AN INTERNALLY VERSUS EXTERNALLY FOCUSED ACL INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAM ON INJURY RISK

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs have shown mixed results, which may be in part due to suboptimal training components.ObjectiveDetermine effects of a prevention program with external and internal...

A Comparative Study between the effect of Agility and Pertubation Training Versus Conventional Exercise in Improving Functional Status in Physically Active Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective : To compare the effect of agility and perturbation training with conventional exercises and conventional exercises alone in improving functional status in physically active individuals with knee osteoarthritis Materials and Method : This study is to be conducted with 60 physically active subjects of knee osteoarthritis and were randomly assigned into two equal groups (experimental and control group).The pre-test measurements is taken for both the groups with WOMAC SCALE and TIMED GET UP AND GO TEST. Then group A (experimental group) allotted for agility and perturbation training and group B (control group) allotted for conventional exercise for the period of 6 weeks. After the end of 6 weeks post-test measurements taken as similar to the pre-test measurement and the result obtained are compared. Out come measures : Western Ontario McMaster University Scale Timed get Up and go Test Result : Result of the study concluded that there is a significant difference in both the groups. However, the agility and perturbation group showed much significant differences in improving the functional status of OA subjects as compared with the control group. Conclusion : According to the results of present study agility and perturbation exercises significantly improving the functional status of OA subjects as compared with the control group. Adding agility and perturbation training techniques to exercise programs has a significant effect on knee stability and general function in older individuals with knee OA as observed for younger, athletic individuals.