Aggression Scores Research Articles

The relationship between dietary patterns and aggressive behavior in adolescent girls: A cross-sectional study.

There are few studies about the relationship between dietary patterns and aggression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the main dietary patterns and aggression scores among adolescent girls in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 670 adolescent girls. The 168-item self-administered Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake and to identify major dietary patterns, while factor analysis was applied. Aggression was evaluated by the validated Persian version of the Buss-Perry questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by crude and adjusted models. Three main dietary patterns including healthy, fast food, and Western were identified. A significant positive association was found between more adherence to Western dietary pattern and the presence of a high aggression score (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.32-3.05, p-trend = .001); even after adjustment for potential confounders, these findings were significant. Although Western dietary patterns were associated with increased aggression risk, there was no significant relationship between healthy and fast food dietary patterns and the prevalence of a high aggression score. Further studies, particularly longitudinal intervention studies, are required to clarify this relationship.

Effect of Combining Adapted Physical and Artistic Activities on Feeling of Loneliness and Aggression in the Elderly Living in Nursing Homes

Objectives Feeling of loneliness and aggression are common problems in the elderly living in nursing homes that can have serious psychological and physical consequences for them. Due to the growing number of the elderly population, it is essential to use practical strategies for reducing their isolation and aggression. This study aims to assess the effect of combining adapted physical and artistic activities on feeling of loneliness and aggression in the elderly living in nursing homes. Methods & Materials In this quasi-experimental study, 68 older residents of a nursing home in Shiraz, Iran with feeling of loneliness and aggression and without acute psychological and physical problems participated, who were selected using a convenience sampling method and then assigned into two groups of control and intervention by block randomization method. The control group received routine care, while the intervention group participated in 16 sessions of adapted physical and artistic activities. Data were collected using the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire before and immediately after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive (Mean±SD, and frequency) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test) in SPSS software, version 22. Results The participants’ mean age was 70.93±7.99 years in total, and 69.1% were women. The scores of loneliness and aggression significantly reduced after the intervention in the intervention group (P<0.001). The scores of loneliness (P<0.001) and aggression (P=0.001) in the intervention group were significantly lower than in the control group. Conclusion Feeling of loneliness and the level of aggression in the elderly living in nursing homes can be reduced significantly by combining adapted physical and artistic activities. This practical and cost-effective intervention can be used to reduce feeling of loneliness and aggression in the elderly living in nursing homes.

A Study of Psychiatric Comorbidity and Fear of Corona Virus in Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder during Covid-19 Pandemic

Background and objective: The WHO declared the Chinese outbreak of COVID-19 to be health risk of National and International Concern from 30th January 2020. This has significant implications on mental health , especially for patients of OCD in various ways. This study was aimed to study Psychiatric comorbidity and Fear of Corona virus in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during COVID-19 pandemic and compare socio-demographic & clinical variables between patients of OCD with or without psychiatric comorbidity during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In person interview including 96 old and new symptomatic patients of OCD diagnosed as per ICD 10-DCR, who had onset of illness prior to COVID-19 (march 2020), between the age of 18-60 years was conducted. The disease severity was recorded on D-YBOCS, HAM-A and HAM-D. The two groups of OCD, with comorbidity and without comorbidity were compared. Fear of COVID-19 Scale was used to analyse fear of corona virus.Results: Depression was the most common psychiatric comorbidity. The fear of coronavirus in 59.4% OCD patients was observed to be mild in severity and the mean FCV-19S score to be 14.42 ± 4.19. Positive correlation was found between FCV-19S score and the YBOCS obsession subtotal score, YBOCS compulsion subtotal score, YBOCS total score, HAM-D score and HAM-A score. FCV-19S score also had a statistically significant positive correlation with D-YBOCS severity score for contamination and cleaning, severity score for hoarding and collecting, severity score for symmetry and severity score for aggression. Among the OCD patients with comorbidity, a statistically significant higher YBOCS score, D-YBOCS severity score for Contamination and Cleaning and FCV-19S score were observed when compared to OCD patients without comorbidity.Conclusions: Fear of corona virus was seen in majority of the OCD patients and was associated with increased severity of disease. The OCD patients with comorbidity had significantly higher Y-BOCS score mainly for Contamination and Cleaning.

Effectiveness of anger-focused emotional management training in reducing aggression among nurses.

The aim of this study was to conduct a 5-h training programme on anger-focused emotional management for nurses and verify its effectiveness. The study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. Participants (N=283) attended a programme comprising lectures and exercises. The Japanese version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire was administered pre-, post- and 3-month posttraining. Regression analyses were used to assess the effects of the programme by gender. For the total aggression score, the difference between the pre- and posttraining scores was -2.827 points and remained at -1.602 points 3-month posttraining. Physical aggression scores decreased posttraining, but the scores increased after 3 months. There were statistically significant gender differences in hostility scores; pre-training scores were slightly higher for men than for women and lower for men after 3 months. Total and physical aggression scores were higher for men than for women. The training programme decreased aggression, and the effect persisted after 3 months.

Relationship Between the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA) Score and Incidents of Aggression Within 24 Hours in Patients in a Psychiatric Intensive Care Setting

The Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA) is a risk assessment instrument developed in 2006 to assess the likelihood of a patient engaging in violence within 24 hours in a psychiatric inpatient environment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DASA scores predict incidents of violence, restraints and seclusion in a 24-hour period on a psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU). This study also aimed to identify a meaningful DASA score which would suggest a high risk of an incident of violence occurring within 24 hours on a PICU. For two months, data collected for every inpatient on PICU were: daily DASA scores, incidents of violence, physical restraint or seclusion and whether the patient was deemed appropriate to transfer from PICU to an acute ward. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the ability of DASA scores to predict incidents. Higher DASA scores were significantly associated with decreased odds of a patient being deemed fit for transfer to an acute ward and with increased odds of an incident of violence, seclusion or restraint within 24 hours. With a DASA score of 4 or above, there is a 16% probability there will be an incident of violence, 21% probability of seclusion and 11% probability of restraint within 24 hours. The DASA score can be used to predict incidents of violence, seclusion and restraint in the following 24 hours in a PICU setting.

The Role of Trait Mindfulness in Aggressive Driving Behavior

Aggressive driving behavior is regarded as a social dysfunction that poses a major risk to traffic safety. Previous research has indicated trait mindfulness as a protective factor for maladaptive thoughts and driver anger. The current study was designed to examine the mediating role of trait driver aggressiveness on the relationship between trait mindfulness and propensity for aggressive driving behavior. A sample of 122 drivers responded to a series of online questionnaires that assessed trait mindfulness, trait driver aggressiveness, and propensity for aggressive driving behavior. Results indicated that trait mindfulness was a significant predictor of trait driver aggressiveness. Similarly, trait mindfulness had also a moderating effect on the relationship between propensity for aggressive driving and trait driver aggressiveness. This indicated that those with higher trait mindfulness scores and lower trait driver aggressiveness scores were less likely to engage in aggressive driving behavior. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and directions for future research are presented.

The evolutionary drivers of primate scleral coloration

The drivers of divergent scleral morphologies in primates are currently unclear, though white sclerae are often assumed to underlie human hyper-cooperative behaviours. Humans are unusual in possessing depigmented sclerae whereas many other extant primates, including the closely-related chimpanzee, possess dark scleral pigment. Here, we use phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analyses with previously generated species-level scores of proactive prosociality, social tolerance (both n = 15 primate species), and conspecific lethal aggression (n = 108 primate species) to provide the first quantitative, comparative test of three existing hypotheses. The ‘self-domestication’ and ‘cooperative eye’ explanations predict white sclerae to be associated with cooperative, rather than competitive, environments. The ‘gaze camouflage’ hypothesis predicts that dark scleral pigment functions as gaze direction camouflage in competitive social environments. Notably, the experimental evidence that non-human primates draw social information from conspecific eye movements is unclear, with the latter two hypotheses having recently been challenged. Here, we show that white sclerae in primates are associated with increased cooperative behaviours whereas dark sclerae are associated with reduced cooperative behaviours and increased conspecific lethal violence. These results are consistent with all three hypotheses of scleral evolution, suggesting that primate scleral morphologies evolve in relation to variation in social environment.

The Association between Video Game Type and Aggressive Behaviors in Saudi Youth: A Pilot Study.

Video gaming is a popular source of entertainment among children and adolescents. Although the Middle East is home to one of the fastest growing communities of video game users, most of the research established on this topic has been carried out through small scale studies. Our aim in this study is to assess the prevalence of video game use and its association with aggressive behaviors among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional study involving boys and girls (aged 15–18 years) in both private and public secondary high schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Each participant completed a self-administered modified version of the aggression questionnaire, which consisted of 29 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. This questionnaire assessed aggressive behaviors domains: physical aggression, anger, hostility, and verbal aggression and types of videogames and time of use. A total of 485 students were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 16.5 ± 0.9 years; 48% were boys. Adolescents who participated in action games had higher mean verbal (p < 0.01) and physical aggression (p < 0.01) scores. Adventure game players had significantly higher mean scores in all four types of aggressive behavior (p < 0.01). Participants who played simulation games had higher mean verbal aggressiveness (p < 0.01). Adolescents who participated in sports games had greater mean levels of anger (p = 0.01) and physical aggression (p = 0.01). Those who played strategy/puzzle games reported significantly higher mean scores of anger (p < 0.01), hostility (p = 0.01), and verbal aggression (p = 0.01). Females were more likely to show higher mean anger (p < 0.01) scores, whereas males were more likely to show higher mean physical aggression scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results do suggest that playing video games increases adolescent aggressive behaviors, which has been supported by other studies. We recommend educating parents on the pros and cons of playing video games and that parents schedule and limit the time their children spend playing video games.

Examination of Separation-Individuation Characteristics on the Relationship between Fanaticism and Agression in Young Adults

This study addresses the effects of separation-individuation processes and fanaticism levels of young adults on the emergence of aggressive behavior. The sample group consists of 377 young adults between 18 and 22 of age. The participants are asked to respond to the Separation-Individuation Test of Adolescence (SITA), Fanaticism Scale for Football Fans (FSFFF), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Scale (BPAS). Chi-square, Pearson Product-Moment correlation analysis, One-way ANOVA, and moderation analysis were used for the statistical analysis. The physical and verbal aggression scores of the males are higher than the female participants. The separation-individuation scores of female participants are higher than that of the male participants. The fanaticism levels and physical-verbal aggression, and anger of the participants are correlated positively. Finally, the separation-individuation level is observed to have moderating effect on the correlation between aggression and fanaticism. The findings show that the fanatical supporters carry their self-needs to the team-self due to the problems they experience in the process of separation from their parents while engaging in aggressive behaviors. Therefore, considering the separation processes of individuals with their parents in studies aimed at preventing aggressive behaviors due to fanaticism will increase the success of the studies.

Outpatient palliative care utilization and aggressiveness of end-of-life care in women with gynecologic cancers (522)

Outpatient palliative care utilization and aggressiveness of end-of-life care in women with gynecologic cancers (522)

Crowd risk prediction in a spiritually motivated crowd

Since time immemorial, India has hosted numerous religious gatherings and periodic events. Many of these events have been marred by crowd crushes and accidents. Human behavior being a complex phenomenon, can lead to complex behaviors. This makes the safety of people in crowded places a major concern for the government and management authorities. Capturing and studying these behaviors through empirical studies is essential to predicting crowd risk at a given location. To predict the level of risk, a comprehensive crowd risk prediction model in the form of Crowd Risk Index (CRI) was developed in this study. The CRI was developed from three indices (1) Crowd Dynamic Index (includes speed, flow, density, social group, and serpentine group behavior) (2) Crowd Anxiety Index (includes patience and aggression scores) (3) Temperature Humidity Index (includes temperature and humidity). With an overarching understanding of the factors leading to critical crowd conditions, the CRI developed in this work can help the crowd managers reasonably predict the level of risk and implement appropriate crowd management measures.

Investigating associations between appetite-regulating hormones, aggression and craving in males with cannabis use disorder

BackgroundAggression and craving are common and important withdrawal symptoms in cannabis use disorder. The present study investigated the association between appetite-regulating hormones, aggression, and craving during cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS). MethodsFifty-six male subjects diagnosed with cannabis withdrawal and 45 healthy males were included in the study. The Substance Craving Scale, the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were implemented at baseline. Blood samples were drawn to measure ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin levels in the serum. Then, the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP) was applied. Bloodwork and psychometric assessment procedures were re-implemented after the PSAP. At the 7-day follow-up, psychometric assessments and hormone measurements were repeated in the CWS group. ResultsBaseline serum ghrelin and adiponectin levels were lower in the CWS group than controls at baseline. After PSAP, there was a significant increase in ghrelin levels of patients with CWS compared to controls. Patients yielded higher aggression scores, while there was no significant correlation between hormonal changes and PSAP findings. At 7-day follow, ghrelin and resistin levels significantly increased, while serum leptin decreased in patients with CWS. Finally, there was a positive association between craving and resistin levels. ConclusionsOur results present the changes in appetite-regulating hormones. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to shed light on neuroendocrinological aspects of cannabis withdrawal.

Environmental Influences on the Behavioural and Emotional Outcomes of Children: A Network Analysis.

Background: Intellectual developmental disorders are a serious source of health morbidity with negative consequences for adults as well as children. However, there is limited evidence on the environmental, trace element, behavioural, and emotional outcomes in children. Here, we investigated whether there is any association between child behaviour and emotional outcomes and micronutrients using network analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9-year-old children within a Pacific Island Families study birth cohort. Elemental concentration was determined in children’s toenails after acid digestion and analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We used network analysis to identify closely associated trace elements and tested the directions and strength of these trace elements. MANCOVA were used to identify the significant associations between individual elements and the behavioural/emotional function of the children using the children behaviour checklist (CBCL). At the final step, quantile regression analysis was used to assess and quantify the identified associations between CBCL function scores and manganese, adjusted by sex, ethnicity, and standardized BMI. Results: Three major nutrient networks were identified. In the Mn network, Mn was strongly positively associated with Al (0.63) and Fe (r = 0.65) and moderately associated with Pb (r = 0.45) and Sb (r = 0.42). Al was also strongly associated with Fe (r = 0.9). Children in the second or third clinical group, with an elevated externalized CBCL score, had a much higher mean and median level of Mn as compared to the normal range group. The aggression score was significantly associated with Mn concentration and sex. Higher Mn concentrations were associated with a higher aggression score. A 1 ug/g unit increase in Mn was associated with a 2.44-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.55–4.21) in aggression score, and boys had higher median aggression score than girls (difference: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9–2.8). Attention and rule breaking scores were both significantly associated with Mn concentration. Higher Mn concentrations were associated with higher attention behaviour problem and rule breaking scores. A 1 ug/g unit increase in Mn was found to be associated with a 1.80-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.37–2.82) in attention score, and a 1.46-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.74) in the rule breaking score. Thought score was not significantly associated with Mn concentration (p = 0.13) but was significantly lower in boys (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Exceeding Mn levels is potentially toxic and has been identified to be associated with worse externalized children’s behavioural health and emotional well-being. Future studies are necessary to find the exposure paths so that advice shall be provided to family and care providers in public health and environmental protection.

Transactional associations between vocabulary and disruptive behaviors during the transition to formal schooling.

This study investigated the transactional relations between vocabulary and disruptive behaviors (DB; physical aggression and opposition/rule breaking/theft and vandalism), during the transition to formal schooling, using a community sample of 572 children. Cross-lagged panel model analyses were used to examine bidirectional relationships, comparing physical aggression to non-aggressive DB. Transactional associations between vocabulary and DB were observed, coinciding with school entry. Lower vocabulary in preschool (60mo.) was predictive of higher physical aggression scores in kindergarten. In turn, higher physical aggression in kindergarten was predictive of lower vocabulary in 1st grade. For non-aggressive DB, recurrent associations were found. Lower verbal skills in preschool (42mo.) and kindergarten predicted higher non-aggressive DB scores later in preschool and in 1st grade respectively. In turn, higher non-aggressive DB in kindergarten predicted lower vocabulary scores in 1st grade. In contrast to transactional paths from vocabulary to DB, transactional paths from DB to vocabulary observed after the transition to elementary school remained significant after controlling for comorbid hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention behaviors, suggesting these links were specific to aggressive and non-aggressive DB. Practical implications for prevention are discussed.

The Relationship between Moral Intelligence and Aggression in Nurses

Background &amp; Aim: Moral intelligence is one of the dimensions of intelligence that can provide a framework for the proper functioning of human beings. Anger can have a significant impact on the quality of nursing care. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between moral intelligence and anger in the nurses of Ilam city in 2019. Methods &amp; Materials: In a study, a group of 69 nurses working in emergency and individual departments were chosen. Data collection was done with a demographic profile form and Lanic and Kiel's moral intelligence questionnaires (2011) and Buss and Perry's aggression questionnaires (1992). Data were analysed via SPSS-22 software. A coefficient of 0.05 was implemented. Results: The average Moral Intelligence score of all the nurses was 149.04 17.90, and Average aggression score of all the nurses was 72.62 17.34. Between moral intelligence and aggression of all nurses (r=-0.33, p=0.007) and emergency ward nurses (r=-.053, p=0.0020) There was a significant inverse correlation. Conclusion: Considering nurses 'day-to-day confrontation with work-related problems, it is necessary to pay attention to moral intelligence and its relationship with anger. Inclusion of the necessary training on the relationship between moral intelligence and anger management are suggested in nursing and nursing student curricula.

Effect of Aggression on the Performance of Handball Female Players of Sargodha

The aim of this research was to examine the psychological factor of aggression influencing the female performance of the handball team in the Sargodha District. Taking this research objective as a general purpose of this study, a descriptive survey design was applied to examine the research issue.The samples for the present study included all female players of Handball in Sargodha District female colleges who were selected by using a stratified random sampling technique. A total of 52 hand ballplayers (age b/w 16 - 22 years) were taken as a sample. Two categories of questions were asked about aggression and performance. The aggression inventory scale was made to analyze the aggression level.Team performance was evaluated to measure the self-scoring. With respect to aggression scores in handball a considerable difference was noticed (t=-4.96, p less than 0.05) at the significance level (05 percent). The study results found that female players on Handball team had increased aggression. The current study also proved that there is a positive correlation between aggression and players' performance as positive reinforcement and winning the match have a good influence on the handball players' performance.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychopathological symptoms in mothers and their school-age children before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic peak.

The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on children’s and caregivers’ mental health. We investigated psychopathological symptoms in a group of non-at-risk and a group of at-risk mothers and their school-age children from the pre-pandemic period to the lockdown period and to the post-lockdown period. We used the SCL-90/R to assess mothers’ psychological symptoms, the CBCL 1½–5, and the CBCL 6–18 for the perceived children’s emotional-behavioral functioning. Analysis of variance was conducted to assess significant differences in the groups over the three assessment points. Linear regressions were run to investigate the effect of maternal psychological symptoms on their children’s functioning. In the non-at-risk group, maternal psychopathological symptoms significantly varied during the pandemic. Children’s Aggression scores decreased after the lockdown, while Depression scores significantly increased during lockdown and after. The mothers in the at- risk group presented overall decreasing scores over the three assessment points. Children’s Aggression scores did not increase during lockdown. Depression scores did not show significant changes over the three assessment points. Overall, our results showed that mothers’ psychopathological risk did not influence specific areas of children’s emotional/behavioral functioning, but it had an effect on the general offspring psychological well-being.

Uncovering potential interventions for pancreatic cancer patients via mathematical modeling

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is widely known for its poor prognosis because it is often diagnosed when the cancer is in a later stage. We built a Boolean model to analyze the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer in order to better understand the interplay between pancreatic cancer, stellate cells, and their signaling cytokines. Specifically, we have used our model to study the impact of inducing four common mutations: KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A. After implementing the various mutation combinations, we used our stochastic simulator to derive aggressiveness scores based on simulated attractor probabilities and long-term trajectory approximations. These aggression scores were then corroborated with clinical data. Moreover, we found sets of control targets that are effective among common mutations. These control sets contain nodes within both the pancreatic cancer cell and the pancreatic stellate cell, including PIP3, RAF, PIK3 and BAX in pancreatic cancer cell as well as ERK and PIK3 in the pancreatic stellate cell. Many of these nodes were found to be differentially expressed among pancreatic cancer patients in the TCGA database. Furthermore, literature suggests that many of these nodes can be targeted by drugs currently in circulation. The results herein help provide a proof of concept in the path towards personalized medicine through a means of mathematical systems biology. All data and code used for running simulations, statistical analysis, and plotting is available on a GitHub repository athttps://github.com/drplaugher/PCC_Mutations.

Heterogeneity in the Driver Behavior: An Exploratory Study Using Real-Time Driving Data

Driver behavior heterogeneity is a significant aspect to understand the individual behavioral variations and develop driver assistance systems. This study characterizes the heterogeneity in driving behavior using real-time driving performance features. In this context, the study investigates the extent of variations in the individual’s driving styles during routine driving. The driving styles are conceptualized using the vehicle kinematic data, that is, speed and accelerations performed during longitudinal control. The data is collected for 42 professional drivers using instrumented vehicle over a defined study stretch. An algorithm is developed for data extraction and total 7548 acceleration and 6156 braking maneuvers and corresponding driving performance features are extracted. The driving maneuver data are analyzed using the unsupervised techniques (PCA and K-means clustering) and three patterns of acceleration and braking are identified, which are further associated with two patterns of speed behavior. The results showed that each driver is found to exhibit different driving patterns in different driving regimes and no driver shows constantly safe or aggressive behavior. The aggression scores are found to be different among drivers, indicating the behavioral heterogeneity. This study results demonstrate that, driver’s level of aggression in different driving regimes is not constant and characterizing the driver by means of abstract driving features is not indicative of the diversified driving behavior. The proposed method identifies the individualized driving behaviors, reflecting the driver’s choice of driving maneuvers. Thus, the insights from the study are highly useful to design driver-specific safety models for driver assistance and driver identification.

Sex differences in association between Internet addiction and aggression among adolescents aged 12 to 18 in mainland of China

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported that Internet addiction (IA) is an important predictor of aggression. However, little is known whether aggression is a risk factor of IA. This study aims to explore whether IA can predict total and sub-types of aggression, whether aggression also can predict IA, and the potential sex difference. MethodA total of 15,977 adolescents aged 12 to 18 were recruited though a stratified cluster sampling across five representative provinces in mainland of China. Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Buss and Warren's Aggression Questionnaire (BWAQ) were used to measure IA and aggression, respectively. ResultsThe prevalence of IA and total aggression was 16.8 % and 25.0 %, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that IAT score was significantly associated with total and five sub-types of aggression (P < 0.001). However, scores of physical aggression, hostility, and indirect aggression were positively associated with IA (P < 0.001), while verbal aggression and anger were not significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the interaction of sex and IA was significant for aggression. Specifically, females with IA had higher risks of anger and indirect aggression but had lower risks of physical and verbal aggression compared to males with IA. LimitationsCross-sectional design, self-reported information, and only Chinese rural adolescents. ConclusionsIA is a strong risk factor of total and five sub-types of aggression, while not all sub-types of aggression are predictors of IA. Prevention programs for adolescents' IA and aggression should consider different aggression sub-types and sex.