Aggressive Environments Research Articles

Investigation of the Diffusion of Chloride Ions in Blended Cement Pastes

AbstractWhen exposed to aggressive environments containing chlorides, the chlorine ion partially binds to the usual Portland cement mortar and changes its mineralogy. Chlorine ions entering the system displace sulfate from the monosulfoaluminate. Such systems form Kusel's salt at low chloride concentrations and Friedel's salt at higher concentrations. Unbound chloride ions remain dangerous for reinforcing steel, which diffuse deep into the concrete and destroy the passivating layer on the reinforcement. To assess the protective properties of concrete in relation to metal reinforcement, it is proposed to investigate the process of displacement of the diffusion front in cement composites of various compositions. It is also important to study changes in such characteristics as porosity and filtration properties, which significantly affect the penetration depth of an aggressive medium. The study of the structure, mineral and chemical composition is carried out in layers.

Durability Performance of Ferro Geo Polymer Concrete

The expansion of the building sector is ultimately driving up the manufacturing of Portland cement, which rises pollution. Consequence of this is global warming. Sustainable alternatives are being used in concrete on a large scale to minimise the impact of greenhouse gases. Concrete made of geo-polymers is one of such alternative. Since Geo Polymer Concrete (GPC) is inherently known for its resistance to aggressive environment, to add to its characteristics, steel wire mesh was incorporated into geo polymer concrete which can largely be termed as “Ferro Geo Polymer Concrete” (FGPC). In the current study, durability properties of FGPC such as resistance to acid attack, Half-Cell Potential (HCP) and resistance to abrasion have been studied. Welded square wire mesh has been used in the specimens with different number of layers. FGPC specimens were compared to GPC specimens of same grade without mesh. Double layered FGPC specimens have shown better resilience to acid attack having weight loss and strength loss of 0.44% and 17.24% when immersed in H2SO4 and 0.45% and 8.4% when immersed in HCL correspondingly. Double layered FGPC has better resistance towards abrasion of concrete with PWL of 2.43% and ADA of 1.07 mm.

Possible mechanisms of phlebitis-like abnormal reaction (PLAR) after cyanoacrylate obliteration of varicose veins

Based on their own research and a review of the literature, the authors analyze the possible cellular mechanisms of the development of an inflammatory reaction after the obliteration of varicose veins with cyanoarylate adhesive compounds (CAO), which received the name phlebitis- Like abnormal Reaction (PLAR) in foreign sources. Despite the existing opinion about the “abnormal” nature of the inflammatory reaction, it is noted that the main stages of its development are fully consistent with the currently known molecular and cellular mechanisms of the response of biological tissues to contact with a foreign antigenic substance and are of a natural nature. The cause of the development of acute alterative inflammation in the vein wall is the direct contact of the endothelium with an aggressive environment, which is cyanoacrylate. A specific feature of the development of chronic inflammation in the vein wall is its productive interdaily character, which is replaced by proliferative processes. The main role in the development of successive stages of PLAR development is played by monocytic, mast and giant cells of foreign bodies, as well as the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the functional activity of these cells. During the period of cyanoacrylate biodegradation, its cellular environment corresponds to all morphological features of a phagocytoma, whose activity decreases with the biodegradation of cyanoacrylate with simultaneous connective tissue proliferation. The development of possible chronic granulomatous inflammation is based on a local autoimmune process associated with the formation of giant multinucleated epithelioid cells (Langerhans cells). In conclusion, it is emphasized that today, when using various cyanoacrylate compounds for the purpose of adhesive obliteration of veins, taking into account the accumulated clinical data and morphological studies, the final answers to the existing reasonable objections about the complete safety of the use of cyanoacrylates in clinical practice should be given by fundamental immunohistochemical and genetic studies.

Dental Implants: Modern Materials and Methods of Their Surface Modification

The development of dental implantology is based on the detailed study of the interaction of implants with the surrounding tissues and methods of osteogenesis stimulation around implants, which has been confirmed by the increasing number of scientific publications presenting the results of studies related to both the influence of the chemical composition of dental implant material as well as the method of its surface modification on the key operational characteristics of implants. The main materials for dental implant manufacturing are Ti and its alloys, stainless steels, Zr alloys (including ceramics based on ZrO2), and Ta and its alloys, as well as other materials (ceramics based on Al2O3, Si3N4, etc.). The review presents alloy systems recommended for use in clinical practice and describes their physical–mechanical and biochemical properties. However, when getting into the body, the implants are subjected to various kinds of mechanical influences, which are aggravated by the action of an aggressive biological environment (electrolyte with a lot of Cl− and H+); it can lead to the loss of osteointegration and to the appearance of the symptoms of the general intoxication of the organism because of the metal ions released from the implant surface into the biological tissues of the organism. Since the osteointegration and biocompatibility of implants depend primarily on the properties of their surface layer (it is the implant surface that makes contact with the tissues of the body), the surface modification of dental implants plays an important role, and all methods of surface modification can be divided into mechanical, physical, chemical, and biochemical methods (according to the main effect on the surface). This review discusses several techniques for modifying dental implant surfaces and provides evidence for their usefulness.

Enhanced wear and corrosion resistance of the laser direct metal deposited AISI 316L stainless steel by in-situ interstitial N alloying

To meet the applicability in aggressive environments, the wear and corrosion resistance of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel can be improved by alloying with N. In this work, the in-situ interstitial N alloying of 316L with varying amount of CrxN is first manufactured at ambient environment utilizing the rapid cooling character of laser direct metal deposition (DMD). Combined effects of CrxN addition and DMD processing parameters on the relative density, dissolved N content, microstructure, microhardness, wear performance and corrosion behavior are systematically investigated. The results show that the relative density of the DMD 316L decreases with increasing additive amount of CrxN. A full density 316L sample with a high N content of 0.5 wt% is obtained. The N alloying transforms the solidification mode of DMD 316L from “AF” to “A”, resulting in a fully austenitic phase. The interstitial N promotes the formation of planar dislocations, nano-stacking faults and nano-twins during DMD. As the CrxN addition increases, both the microhardness (278–312 HV) and wear resistance are significantly enhanced owing to the dislocation strengthening and interstitial N solid solution strengthening. Compared with CrxN-free DMD 316L, the DMD 316L with CrxN addition presents superior pitting corrosion resistance. The increasing CrxN addition progressively improves the pitting corrosion resistance due to the positively synergistic effect Cr-N on the stability and repassivation ability of the passive film. This work provides a practical and cost-effective approach for manufacturing advanced 316L with exceptional properties.

Development and verification of an integrated hydration, geochemical and transport model for the hydrated cement paste exposed to an aggressive chemical environment

This study established a new transport model by using the COMSOL-IPHREEQC interface to simulate the changes in the morphology of hydrated cement paste due to the diffusion of carbon dioxide and chloride ion. A series of constitutive models such as the cement hydration model (to compute the dissolution rate of each clinker mineral), thermodynamic model (to perform the hydration reaction, reaction due to transport of ions, chemical and physical adsorption of chloride ion during the chloride ion ingression and dissolution rate of calcium-silica-hydrate (C–S–H) simultaneously with portlandite for the carbonation), porosity determination, and COMSOL Multiphysics (for the calculation of transport problems) were integrated using MATLAB language to determine the pore solution chemistry, hydrates assemblage, and porosity of the cement paste exposed to aggressive environments. During the diffusion of carbon dioxide gas, the decalcification of C–S–H was realistically considered by assuming that the Ca/Si ratio of C–S–H decreased from 1.67 (Jennite type C–S–H) to 0.67 (Tobermorite C–S–H), and then from 0.67 to 0 (silica gel). The proposed integrated platform was well verified with different sets of reported and raw experimental results and existing models, indicating a realistic predictability for chloride ion ingression and carbonation. The developed model discloses the effect of coupling the progression of hydration with reaction due to the transport of ions by using the free chloride ion profile and phase assemblages during the chloride ion ingression.

Effect of Glass Powder on Durability Performance of Hardened Concrete in Aggressive Environment

Supplementary Cementitious Materials have been widely researched for application in concrete works, primarily to reduce dependence on cement as a binding medium. This research sought to add to that knowledge base by determining the effect of crushed waste glass powder on the durability performance of hardened concrete in an aggressive environment. Crushed waste glass powder was added to the concrete mix at 10%, 20% and 30% respectively by weight of cement. Fresh concrete was subjected to slump test while hardened concrete was subjected to compressive strength, water absorption, sulphate attack and electrical resistivity tests. The results were then compared to the control mix as well as previous studies. Optimal results were obtained at 30% addition of crushed waste glass powder into the concrete mix, noting an increase in compressive strength by 32.5%, water absorption reduced by 5.9%, sulphate attack effect was low while electrical resistivity reduced by 14.7%.
 Keywords: Absorptivity, Crushed Waste Glass, Durability, Electrical Resistivity, Pozzolanic Activity, Sulphate Attack.

The effect of long-term operation on fatigue and corrosion fatigue crack growth in structural steels

Operational degradation of steels under a combined action of mechanical loading and aggressive hydrogenating environments is a crucial problem for structural integrity. Among the mechanical properties, the characteristics of brittle fracture resistance, namely, impact strength and fracture toughness, as well as the plasticity characteristics, are highly sensitive to the operational degradation of structural steels. However, in the case of exposing of structures beside environmental influences to cyclic mechanical loading scenarios, their reliability depends on the degradation degree due to fatigue and corrosion fatigue. Tendency of in-service changes in the fatigue characteristics (fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue strength) can be unambiguous. In-service lifetime of structure due to the non-monotonic character of operational degradation of certain mechanical characteristics is divided into two stages: deformation strengthening (stage I) and in-bulk dissipated damaging (stage II). The operational degradation of steels is accelerated under influence of corrosive hydrogenating environments as a result of intensification of dissipated damaging. The effect of environments on acceleration of fatigue crack growth rate is mainly revealed in the mid-region of stress intensities, more significantly for in-service degraded metal, indicating its susceptibility to stress corrosion fatigue.

Synergistic inhibition of molybdate and phytate on chloride-induced corrosion of carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solutions

Improving the corrosion resistance of reinforcing steel is particularly important to prolong the service life of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This study proposes a novel mixed corrosion inhibitor of sodium molybdate and sodium phytate to enhance the corrosion resistance of Q235 carbon steel in concrete exposed to aggressive environments. Based on the synergistic inhibition of the mixed corrosion inhibitor with an optimal concentration ratio, the passivation and chloride-induced corrosion of steel in simulated concrete pore solutions were investigated using electrochemical measurements, XPS, AFM, SEM/EDS and ATR-FTIR. The results indicated that the mixed corrosion inhibitor could promote the passivation process of steel by increasing the passive film thickness, despite no significantly improved passivation ability was highlighted for steel. Furthermore, due to the formation of a protective and thick passive film with a specific three-layer structure, the mixed corrosion inhibitor markedly improved the pitting corrosion resistance of steel and exhibited a high inhibition efficiency after 30 days of chloride exposure. Accordingly, the corresponding synergistic inhibition mechanism of the mixed corrosion inhibitor was proposed.

Waste marble based self compacting concrete reinforced with steel fiber exposed to aggressive environment

Degradation of self-compacting concrete (SCC) exposure to the aggressive environment is a key issue that decreases the service life of the SCC structure. To reduce the amount of damage produced by the acid, the fibers bridge the cracks and restrict their spread. Therefore, SCC is reinforced with steel fibers at varying percentages from 0 to 2.0 %. Marble waste as filler materials (10 % by weight of sand) was also added to improve the microstructure. The SCC is exposed to a 4 % sulfuric acid solution for a specified period. The mechanical performance of SCC was evaluated through visual inspection, mass loss, compressive, and tensile strength. Furthermore, the durability of SCC was judged by dry density, water absorption, and permeability tests. Cracking behavior and performance at elevated temperatures of SCC exposed to the acid environment were also evaluated. Microstructure analysis was evaluated through scan electronic microscopy and simultaneous thermal analysis. Results indicate that the SCC performance under an aggressive environment was considerably improved with the addition of steel fiber and marble waste. The synergic effect of steel fiber as a reinforcement and marble waste as filler shows a positive impact on strength, durability, performance at elevated temperatures, and the microstructure of SCC. Maximum mechanical improvement was observed at a 1.5 % addition of steel fiber which shows 10 and 20 % more compressive and tensile strength respectively. Furthermore, steel fiber improved ductile failure by allowing warning (cracks) and avoiding abrupt failure. However, a higher dose of steel fiber (beyond 1.5 %) decreased the SCC performance due to a lack of flowability. Therefore, the study concluded that steel fiber should be used up to 1.5 % addition.

Recycling of landfill waste tyre in construction materials: Durability of concrete made with chipped rubber

The goal of current research is to study the effect of waste tyre as a replacement for coarse aggregate at high levels in concrete for non-structural applications to address one of the serious environmental concerns. To reach this aim, waste rubber in a size range of 10–15 mm which needs less energy and cost for grinding compared to fine rubber was used. The total volume of coarse aggregate was substituted by rubber at the rates of 25%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%. Mechanical properties were studied through compressive and flexural strength and hardened density tests. Moreover, durability was comprehensively investigated via water absorption, drying shrinkage, electrical resistivity, chloride migration, carbonation resistance and resistance against acid attack tests. Sound absorption performance of different mixes at low and high frequencies were also compared to monitor the impact of rubber content. The results indicated that by the addition of rubber mechanical properties reduced, nevertheless, durability improved. Using rubber enhances the concrete ductility and reduces the density making it appropriate for lightweight concrete. The chloride migration coefficient was reduced up to 80% and electrical resistivity increased up to 87%, by using 80% rubber. Besides, rubberised concrete developed in this research demonstrated superior functional advantages over plain concrete in terms of acoustic performance and sustainability. Despite having lower strength by using rubber in concrete, rubberised concrete made with high content of cost-effective coarse rubber particle is appropriate for non-structural usages particularly in regions where either possibility of aggressive environment is a concern or noise attenuation is critical.

Effective Protective Coating of Pipe Metal with High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Material Based on Low-Molecular Oligodiene

Statement of the problem. A significant number of PJSC «Gazprom» main gas pipelines were built thirty or more years ago. At that time ineffective insulating materials were used for protecting steel pipes, applied mainly in the conditions of the route, which led to their extremely unsatisfactory condition in the future. Thus, at present there is a need to develop effective protective coatings for steel pipelines using domestic materials and equipment. Results. As a result of a series of experiments the composition of the composite material of the insulating coating based on the rubber concrete (Kauton) optimized to the state of the rubber mastic of the usable consistency has been determined. By carrying out a series of search experiments, rational temperature-time regimes of rubber mastic heat treatment have been determined for the formation of an effective layer of protective coating on the surface of pipe metal isolating it from harmful influences. Experimental device for providing modes of structure formation of pipe metal insulating coating material has been designed. Vulcanization of the rubber-containing mastic on the surface of a steel tube is performed by induction heating of the tube metal maintaining the necessary temperature-time modes of structure formation of the protective coating material. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the insulating coating for steel pipes on the basis of rubber mastic have been determined experimentally. Conclusions. The results of the research allow us to draw a conclusion about expediency, efficiency and significance of application in various areas of industrial production of coatings based on synthetic rubber to protect steel pipes from various negative influences and aggressive environments.

Healing capacity of Ultra High Performance Concrete under sustained through crack tensile stresses and aggressive environments

This study investigates the self-healing capabilities of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) under the combined influence of mechanical and environmental factors. Specifically, it delves into the long-term self-healing process in pre-cracked UHPC samples that endure continuous sustained tensile stresses across the cracks and are exposed to aggressive environmental conditions for one year. The results reveal that UHPC with narrow cracks exhibits a higher degree of self-healing, especially when exposed to tap water, where its self-healing capacity is most pronounced and improves with extended exposure. Furthermore, these self-healing mechanisms contribute to the restoration of mechanical properties and prevent chloride ion penetration by sealing the cracks. While a reduced level of self-healing is observed in saltwater and geothermal water exposure, prolonged exposure mitigates the inhibitory effect of aggressive ions on self-healing. SEM and EDS results provide evidence that samples subjected to extended exposure to salt and geothermal water exhibit a substantial presence of self-healing product-CaCO3. This study not only emphasizes that pre-cracked UHPC, when exposed to both mechanical stresses and aggressive environments, can maintain excellent durability and mechanical strength due to its self-healing effect but also lays the foundation for evaluating the self-healing potential of cement-based materials under conditions representative of real-world structural scenarios. This is essential for advancing the integration of self-healing advantages into design concepts and performance-based verification approaches.

Robust water diffusion modeling in a structural polymer joint based on experimental X-ray tomographic data at the micrometer scale

Structural bonding is a technique increasingly used in the industrial field. For applications in aggressive environments such as seawater, predicting the effect of moisture on the mechanical behavior of bonded assemblies is of paramount importance. The objective of this work is to analyze water diffusion in an epoxy adhesive material and, more specifically, to propose a robust method for choosing the most appropriate diffusion model. Experimental studies of the water absorption in a two-component epoxy structural adhesive, using gravimetry and X-ray tomography, were first performed. The presence of a population of pore-type defects in the polymeric joint helped to characterize the evolution of water diffusion kinetics. Thus, two diffusion mechanisms were identified: a first one related to the migration of water molecules within the adhesive matrix, and a second one related to the penetration of water into the pores. Then, Dual-Fick and Langmuir models were retained, as the two diffusion models most likely to capture the above mechanisms. Although it was shown that both models could give similar results in terms of global diffusion behavior, the results arising from these two models differ at the local scale, especially for extended periods of time. Therefore, special attention was paid to the second absorption mechanism, and a comparison of waterfronts between theoretical predictions and experimental tomographic data was achieved, leading to the final choice of a Dual-Fick diffusion model.

Assessment of Water Transport and Chemical Attack of Meta-Illite Calcined Clay Blended Cement in High-Performance Concrete.

Rapid urbanisation causes a rise in the need for infrastructure, which in turn fuels the creation of additional concrete and further increases cement supplies. Activation of illite-based clay mineral and usage in concrete production is one of the sustainable ways to address the cement industry anthropogenic issues. This study evaluates the durability properties of water transport (water absorption, and capillary water absorption), and resistance to aggressive environments (5% solutions of hydrochloric acid, HCl; sodium sulphate, Na2SO4; and calcium chloride, CaCl2) of meta-illite calcined clay (MCC)-based high-performance concrete (HPC). For this purpose, concrete was produced with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% MCC content in partial substitution of CEM II. Results from the water absorption tests indicate an average percentage value of 3.57%, 3.35% and 2.52% for all the observed mixes at 28, 56 and 90 days, respectively, with MCCC-10 HPC having an average best value of 2.23% across the curing ages. On all observed days, the 5 to 15% cement replacements had very close average water sorptivity value of 0.125 ± 0.001 mm/min0.5 with the control mix (0.113 ± 0.011 mm/min0.5). The aggressive environments exposure findings of the hardened MCC-based HPC specimens of 10 to 20% recorded an approximately 15% compressive strength loss in HCl, Na2SO4 and CaCl2 solutions over the 90 days of curing. In all, the HPC mixes of 5 to 15% MCC content obtained an average durability performance factor of 89%. As a result, these findings imply that MCC can replace cement in up to 15% of HPC production.

Development of a Hydrophobic Polymer Coating in Polyurethane Organic–Mineral Base Containing Waste from Fibreglass Production

In this study, the suitability of waste from glass fibre production as a secondary filler for a polymeric durable hydrophobic coating, based on an innovative polyurethane organic–mineral base, was experimentally verified. The main aim of this work was to develop a basic formulation for a polymeric hydrophobic coating designed primarily for usage in aggressive environments. For this purpose, a total of four formulations were tested with different weight percentages of waste glass fibre, i.e., from 30 to 60%. The basic properties in the fresh state, such as the coating workability and kinematic and dynamic viscosity, were verified, and an application test was performed. The formulations were also verified after the polymerisation of the coating. Adhesion on a concrete substrate and the tensile properties and hardness of the coating were tested. Chemical resistance to liquid aggressive media and the microstructure of the coating after exposure to SO2 were also tested, as these are critical properties. All the formulations showed better workability than the reference coating without a filler, and the formulation with the highest filling (60%) appeared to be optimal. The maximum adhesion on the concrete substrate (11.9 MPa) and tensile strength (21.6 MPa) were recorded for the formulation with 60% waste fibreglass. It can be concluded that with an increase in the waste glass content, there was a significant improvement in the properties of the coatings. Additionally, the waste fibreglass did not have a significant negative impact on chemical resistance.

Synthesis of high entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNiCuSn reinforced AlSi7Mg0.3 based composite developed by solid state technique

The synthesis of high entropy alloy (HEA) AlCoCrFeNiCuSn reinforced AlSi7Mg0.3 a composite was carried out by the Friction Stir Process Technique. The equal weight percent of AlCoCrFeNiCuSn HEA entropy alloys were ball-milled to obtain uniform powder morphology of entropy elements in powder form. The investigation successfully achieved uniform distribution of the HEA AlCoCrFeNiCuSn within the AlSi7Mg0.3 matrix, ensuring a consistent microstructure throughout the composite material. This uniformity significantly contributed to the material's mechanical characteristics, resulting in remarkable improvements in tensile strength (37.02 %) and hardness (52.45 %) concerning base matrix material. Moreover, the strong interfacial bond established between the HEA and AlSi7Mg0.3 phases enhanced the structural integrity of the composite, making it well-suited for demanding applications such as structural parts, wings, fuselage components, engine components, pistons, marine industry for building structures. The research also revealed that this composite exhibited superior corrosion and wear resistance properties, making it a promising material for applications in aggressive environments such as aerospace components, chemical processing equipment, drilling equipment, valves, marine structures, shipbuilding, and offshore equipment..

Rapid repair of geopolymer concrete members reinforced with polymer composites: Parametric study and analytical modeling

To minimize the carbon production from the cement industry, geopolymers are the suitable replacement cementitious materials in concrete structures. Furthermore, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars can play a vital role in replacing the corrosive steel reinforcement in structural components due to their extraordinary performance in humid and aggressive environments. The current research aims to determine the performance efficiency of the rapid repairing process of partially damaged GFRP-reinforced recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete (RGC) compressive members subjected to various types of loading. The behavior of 18 repaired steel- and GFRP-reinforced RGC compressive members was compared using experiments, analytical modeling, and finite element analysis (FEA) in ABAQUS. The rapid repair process was completed using high-strength carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The effectiveness of external CFRP wrapping on the failure modes, strength index, stiffness index, ductility index, peak axial loading capacity, and axial shortening behavior of the repaired members was carefully evaluated. Moreover, FEA and analytical models were proposed to accurately predict the axial behavior of the repaired RGC compressive members. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effects of various parameters of repaired columns. Both experimental and numerical outcomes discovered that the proposed rapid repair method could considerably recover the peak axial capacity and axial shortening capacity of pre-damaged RGC compressive members.

Designing a self-healable nano-structured thin film based on sustainable cerium-loaded ZIF8-MOF particles

Progressing the anti-corrosion performance of thin-film coatings has always been the focus of researchers. In this research, a novel high-resistance inorganic coating against corrosion was developed. For this aim, the steel plates treated with the Mn ion-containing zinc phosphate conversion coating were prepared and then covered with a layer of crystalline MOF nanoparticles. A robust self-healing effect was provided by the cerium cations loaded into the MOF thin coating, pores. FE-SEM, BET, XRD, and XPS were applied as the main analyses to characterize the successful formation of the conversion coating and the MOF grown on its layer. The uniformly grown MOF single crystals (particle size: 200–300 nm) could cover the porosities of the zinc phosphate coating so that no rust was detected after 600 h of keeping the sample in a very aggressive environment (salt spray chamber). Also; based on PDP results, the modified coating (ZPMnMOFCe) showed a sixty-fold drop in the corrosion rate compared to the uncoated plate. Meantime; after 24 h of exposure, its log|Z|10mHz was two orders of magnitude higher than that for the untreated mild steel.

Bond Behavior of Recycled Tire Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Basalt-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Rebar after Prolonged Seawater Exposure

The integration of basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) rebars into concrete design standards still remains unrealized due to limited knowledge on the performance of the rebars in concrete, particularly in terms of bond durability in harsh conditions. In this work, we investigated the bond durability characteristics of BFRP rebars in fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC) structures. To this aim, a number of 24 FRSCC pullout specimens reinforced with either BFRP rebar or glass-fiber-reinforced polymer, GFRP, rebar, which is a commonly used type of FRP, were fabricated. Half of these specimens were submerged in simulated seawater for a two-year span, while the other 12 similar specimens were maintained in standard laboratory conditions for comparative purposes. Subsequently, all 24 specimens underwent monotonic and fatigue pull-out tests. The exploration in this study focused on investigating the influence of the environmental condition, reinforcement type, and loading type on the bond stress versus slip relationship, maximum bond stress, and failure mode of the specimens. Based on the results obtained and by adopting the durability approach of industry standards for prediction of the bond retention of FRP-reinforced concrete, the bond strength retention between BFRP/GFRP and FRSCC after 50 years of exposure to seawater was estimated. The outcomes of the study are expected to enhance engineers’ confidence in the use of FRP, especially BFRP, for constructing durable and sustainable reinforced concrete structures in aggressive environments.